New AngloSaxon Spelling: Difference between revisions

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{{Abandoned|username=Melroch|realname=BPJ|date=2007,<br>because it got too messy and I could go on fiddling with it forever without being satisfied.  I'd now prefer a system with only diacritics and '''þ''' like '''ċurċ, ṡip, ġuġ, róṣṣ, meṩr, yard(!), strut(!), kút, ċẙs''', since it is my contention that diacritics are more readable than new letters.  But how distinguish {{SC|mouth}} and {{SC|foot/goose}}? '''mẘþ, fůt''' or '''můþ, fo̊t'''; which is worse indeed!?}}


----


__TOC__
==Vowels==
==Vowels==
{| cellspacing="5" style="border: 1px #aaa solid"
{| cellspacing="5" style="border: 1px #aaa solid"
|Letter || Value || Example || TO || IPA || Name
|Letter || Value || Example || TO || IPA || Name
|-
|-
|'''i''' || ɪ || '''kit''' ||  || kɪt || ɪt
|'''i''' || {{IPA|ɪ}} || '''kit''' ||  || {{IPA|kɪt}} || {{IPA|ɪt}}
|-
|-
|'''e''' || ɛ || '''dres''' || ''dress'' || drɛs || ɛt
|'''e''' || {{IPA|ɛ}} || '''dres''' || ''dress'' || {{IPA|drɛs}} || {{IPA|ɛt}}
|-
|-
|'''a''' || æ || '''trap''' ||  || træp || æt
|'''a''' || {{IPA|æ}} || '''trap''' ||  || {{IPA|træp}} || {{IPA|æt}}
|-
|-
|'''o''' || ɒ || '''lot''' ||  || lɒt/lɑt || ɒt/ɑt
|'''o''' || {{IPA|ɒ}} || '''lot''' ||  || {{IPA|lɒt/lɑt}} || {{IPA|ɒt/ɑt}}
|-
|-
|'''y''' || ʌ || '''stryt''' || ''strut'' || strʌt || ʌt
|'''y''' || {{IPA|ʌ}} || '''stryt''' || ''strut'' || {{IPA|strʌt}} || {{IPA|ʌt}}
|-
|-
|'''u''' || ʊ || '''fut''' || ''foot'' || fʊt || ʊt
|'''u''' || {{IPA|ʊ}} || '''fut''' || ''foot'' || {{IPA|fʊt}} || {{IPA|ʊt}}
|-
|-
|'''é''' || iː || '''flés''' || ''fleece'' || fliːs || iː
|'''é''' || {{IPA|iː}} || '''flés''' || ''fleece'' || {{IPA|fliːs}} || {{IPA|iː}}
|-
|-
|'''á''' || eɪ || '''fás''' || ''face'' || feɪs || eɪ
|'''á''' || {{IPA|eɪ}} || '''fás''' || ''face'' || {{IPA|feɪs}} || {{IPA|eɪ}}
|-
|-
|'''í''' || aɪ || '''prís''' || ''price'' || praɪs || aɪ
|'''í''' || {{IPA|aɪ}} || '''prís''' || ''price'' || {{IPA|praɪs}} || {{IPA|aɪ}}
|-
|-
|'''œ''' || ɔɪ || '''cœs''' || ''choice'' || tʃɔɪs || ɔɪ
|'''œ''' || {{IPA|ɔɪ}} || '''cœs''' || ''choice'' || {{IPA|tʃɔɪs}} || {{IPA|ɔɪ}}
|-
|-
|'''ů (u)''' || uː || '''gůs''' || ''goose'' || ɡuːs || uː
|'''ů (u)''' || {{IPA|uː}} || '''gůs''' || ''goose'' || {{IPA|ɡuːs}} || {{IPA|uː}}
|-
|-
|'''ó''' || əʊ/oʊ || '''gót''' || ''goat'' || ɡəʊt/ɡoʊt || əʊ/oʊ
|'''ó''' || {{IPA|əʊ/oʊ}} || '''gót''' || ''goat'' || {{IPA|ɡəʊt/ɡoʊt}} || {{IPA|əʊ/oʊ}}
|-
|-
|'''ú''' || aʊ || '''múþ''' || ''mouth'' || maʊθ || aʊ
|'''ú''' || {{IPA|aʊ}} || '''múþ''' || ''mouth'' || {{IPA|maʊθ}} || {{IPA|aʊ}}
|-
|-
|'''ý''' || juː || '''kýt''' || ''cute'' || kjuːt || juː
|'''ý''' || {{IPA|juː}} || '''kýt''' || ''cute'' || {{IPA|kjuːt}} || {{IPA|juː}}
|-
|-
|'''ér''' || ɪə/ɪɹ || '''nér''' || ''near'' || nɪə/nɪɹ ||  
|'''ér''' || {{IPA|ɪə/ɪɹ}} || '''nér''' || ''near'' || {{IPA|nɪə/nɪɹ}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''ár''' || ɛə/ɛɹ || '''skwár/squár''' || ''square'' || skwɛə/skwɛɹ ||  
|'''ár''' || {{IPA|ɛə/ɛː/ɛɹ}} || '''skwár/squár''' || ''square'' || {{IPA|skwɛə/skwɛː/skwɛɹ}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''ór''' || oː/oɹ || '''fórs''' || ''force'' || foːs/foɹs ||  
|'''ór''' || {{IPA|oː/oɹ}} || '''fórs''' || ''force'' || {{IPA|foːs/foɹs}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''ýr''' || ʊə/ʊɹ || '''kýr''' || ''cure'' || kjʊə/kjʊɹ ||  
|'''ýr''' || {{IPA|jʊə/jʊɹ}} || '''kýr''' || ''cure'' || {{IPA|kjʊə/kjʊɹ}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''ar''' || ɑː/ɑɹ || '''start''' || ''start'' || stɑːt/stɑɹt ||  
|'''ar''' || {{IPA|ɑː/ɑɹ}} || '''start''' || ''start'' || {{IPA|stɑːt/stɑɹt}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''or''' || ɔː/ɔɹ || '''norþ''' || ''north'' || nɔːθ/nɔɹθ ||  
|'''or''' || {{IPA|ɔː/ɔɹ}} || '''norþ''' || ''north'' || {{IPA|nɔːθ/nɔɹθ}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''ur''' || ʊə/ʊɹ || '''pur''' || ''poor'' || pʊə/pʊɹ ||  
|'''ur''' || {{IPA|ʊə/ʊɹ}} || '''pur''' || ''poor'' || {{IPA|pʊə/pʊɹ}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''yr''' || ɜː/ɜɹ || '''nyrs''' || ''nurse'' || nɜːs/nɜɹs ||  
|'''yr''' || {{IPA|ɜː/ɜɹ}} || '''nyrs''' || ''nurse'' || {{IPA|nɜːs/nɜɹs}} ||  
|-
|-
|'''å''' || ɔː || '''þåt''' || ''thought'' || θɔːt || ɔːs
|'''å''' || {{IPA|ɔː}} || '''þåt''' || ''thought'' || {{IPA|θɔːt}} || {{IPA|ɔːs}}
|-
|-
|'''(a)''' || ɑː || '''faþer''' || ''father'' || fɑːðə/fɑːðɹ || ɑːk
|'''(a)''' || {{IPA|ɑː}} || '''faþer''' || ''father'' || {{IPA|fɑːðə/fɑːðɹ}} || {{IPA|ɑːk}}
|}
|}
BPJ 13:34, 16 Jul 2005 (PDT)
 
==Consonants==
 
{| cellspacing="5" style="border: 1px #aaa solid"
|Letter || Value || Example || TO || Name
|-
| '''C c''' || {{IPA|tʃ}} || '''cyrc''' || ''church'' || {{IPA|tʃiː}}
|-
| '''Ç ç (S s)'''{{ref|cee}} ||  {{IPA|s}} || '''çíkl, ráç''' || ''cycle, race'' || {{IPA|siː}}
|-
| '''Ʒ ʒ'''{{ref|jay}} || {{IPA|dʒ}} || '''ʒyʒ''' || ''judge'' || {{IPA|dʒiː}}
|-
| '''J j''' || {{IPA|j}} || '''jard''' || ''yard'' || {{IPA|jeɪ}}
|-
| '''{{Esh}} ʃ'''{{ref|esh}} || {{IPA|ʃ}} || '''ʃip, fiʃ, {{Esh}}å''' || ''ship, fish, Shaw'' || {{IPA|ɪʃ}}
|-
| '''Ƨ ƨ/Z z'''{{ref|zed}} || {{IPA|z}} || '''róƨeƨ, zéró''' || ''roses, zero'' || '''Ƨƨ''' {{IPA|[ziː]}}, '''Zz''' {{IPA|[zɛd]}}
|-
| '''Þ þ''' || {{IPA||θ, ð}} || '''þéƨ klóþƨ''' || ''these clothes'' || {{IPA||θɔɹn}}
|}}
 
:{{note|cee}} '''Çç''' is used only for etymological ''c'' in foreign words, else '''Ss''' is used: '''sé''' ''see'', '''mís''' ''mice''.
:{{note|jay}} Where {{IPA|/dʒ/}} represents etymologic ''j'' a dotted '''ʒ̇''' may be used.
:{{note|esh}} NB '''{{Esh}}''' is only a place-holder until Unicode includes a capital ʃ looking like {{Esh}}, since the sigma-like symbol feels quite wrong. U+A784 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR S '''Ꞅ''' can also be used if available, but U+A785 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR S '''ꞅ''' looks too much like an '''r''' in most fonts.
:{{note|zed}} '''Zz''' is used only in foreign words. '''Ƨƨ''' is used in both native and foreign words for etymologic ''s''.
 
The sound {{IPA|/ʒ/}} is spelled differently depending on etymology: '''Áƨja''' ''Asia'', '''mèƨýr''' ''measure'', '''azýr''' ''azure'', '''Ƹƹ''': '''garàƹ'''.
 
(Perhaps '''Zz''' should be used for all instances of {{IPA|/z/}} and '''Ƹƹ''' for all instances of {{IPA|/ʒ/}}?)
 
The plural ''and'' possessive ending is always spelled ''' 'ƨ''' ('''bœ'ƨ''' ''boy's, boys, boys'&zwnj;''), and the past tense ending is always spelled ''' 'd''' ('''kep'd, skor's, fád'd''').
 
== The Ʒ ʒ character ==
 
The preferred shape of the letter '''{{IPA|Ʒ ʒ}}''' is '''''not''''' like the IPA ''ezh'', but like the [[Wikipedia:Insular G|Insular ''G'']], <big>'''{{IPA|ᵹ}}'''</big> (\u1D79), the capital version of which however is not adopted in Unicode yet.  I use '''{{IPA|Ʒ ʒ}}''' (''ezh'') provisionally  since the capital version of Insular ''G'' is not adopted in Unicode yet, and the small letter also is missing from most Unicode fonts.  The preferred shape is shown in this image:
 
[[Image:Nasdzh.gif]]
 
It should be noted that in NAS this letter denotes the phoneme {{IPA|/dʒ/}} and not the phoneme {{IPA|/ʒ/}} which is written as if it were {{IPA|/zj/}} or with '''Ƹƹ'''.
 
== The '''{{IPA|ʃ}}''' character ==
 
In place of '''SC sc''' one may use the '''ʃ''' character with its IPA value.  Note that it should have a descender, unlike the Latin letter Long s '''ſ''', in order to be maximally distinct from '''f'''.  The preferred capital form is {{Esh}}, like a J turned 180 degrees or an Armenian Ր, in order to distinguish it from the lower-case form, and from  capital '''S'''.  Since this capital form is unavailable in standard fonts the forms '''{{MUFI|}}''' (the Insular capital '''S''') or '''{{IPA|Ʃ}}''' (the 'African' capital '''{{IPA|ʃ}}'''&nbsp;) may be used, though care should be taken to distinguish '''{{MUFI|}}''' from '''{{MUFI|}}/{{IPA|Ʒ}}'''.
 
== Alternative graphies ==
 
Letters with acute diacritics may be replaced with digraphs as follows '''á > aa, é > ee, í > ij, ó > eo, ú > ou, ý > yy, œ > oe, {{IPA|ů}} > uo, å > oa'''.
 
'''Þ, þ''' may be replaced with '''Th th''', '''{{Esh}} ʃ''' may be replaced with '''Sh sh''' or '''Sj sj''' and '''{{IPA|Ʒ ʒ}}''' may be replaced with '''Cg cg''' or '''Gj gj'''.
 
[[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 02:04, 25 February 2006 (PST)
[[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 05:14, 3 August 2006 (PDT)
 
== Alternative vowel glyphs  — NASS<sub>2</sub> ==
 
[[Image:NASS2.svg|thumb|200px|center|Due to font problems the alternative vowel glyphs have to be shown as an image]]
=== The ɑ a {{ei}} glyphs ===
My preference would be to use '''{{big|ɑ}}ɑ''' for {{sc|trap}} and {{sc|father}} but ordinary '''{{big|A, a}}''' for {{sc|face}} (with '''''<span class=big>{{EI}}, {{ei}}</span>''''' as cursive form). In the meantime '''{{big|ɑ}}ɑ''' {{big|A, a}} as free variants for {{sc|trap}} and {{sc|father}} and <span class=big>{{EI}}, {{ei}}</span> for {{sc|face}} is preferable, since even unligatured ƐƖ ɛɩ is preferable to losing the distinction! Thus although I'd prefer example (1) below (2) is clearer.
 
[[Image:Nass2examples.svg|thumb|700px|center|Due to font problems the examples must be shown as an image]]
 
It's all a service to the Anglo ''terror diacriticorum'' anyway: if nearly all other languages uses diacritics, then why not English?
 
Last changed by [[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 06:26, 2 August 2006 (PDT)
 
== A forerunner ==
 
None less than [[wp:Alexander Melville Bell|Alexander Melville Bell]] has been down the same road as I with his [http://www.archive.org/details/worldenglishuniv00bell World English Spelling]].  But why on Earth not '''ī''' for {{IPA|[aɪ]}} when he otherwise used the macron for the 'long' values? Funny how his [ʍ] is as close as can be to my [ju] '''ꝡ'''! [[User:Melroch|BPJ]] 13:50, 15 June 2009 (UTC)
 
[[Category:Conscripts]]

Latest revision as of 13:09, 28 October 2011

Author
BPJ  | Talk
Status
abandoned (2007,
because it got too messy and I could go on fiddling with it forever without being satisfied. I'd now prefer a system with only diacritics and þ like ċurċ, ṡip, ġuġ, róṣṣ, meṩr, yard(!), strut(!), kút, ċẙs, since it is my contention that diacritics are more readable than new letters. But how distinguish mouth and foot/goose? mẘþ, fůt or můþ, fo̊t; which is worse indeed!?)

Vowels

Letter Value Example TO IPA Name
i ɪ kit kɪt ɪt
e ɛ dres dress drɛs ɛt
a æ trap træp æt
o ɒ lot lɒt/lɑt ɒt/ɑt
y ʌ stryt strut strʌt ʌt
u ʊ fut foot fʊt ʊt
é iː flés fleece fliːs iː
á eɪ fás face feɪs eɪ
í aɪ prís price praɪs aɪ
œ ɔɪ cœs choice tʃɔɪs ɔɪ
ů (u) uː gůs goose ɡuːs uː
ó əʊ/oʊ gót goat ɡəʊt/ɡoʊt əʊ/oʊ
ú aʊ múþ mouth maʊθ aʊ
ý juː kýt cute kjuːt juː
ér ɪə/ɪɹ nér near nɪə/nɪɹ
ár ɛə/ɛː/ɛɹ skwár/squár square skwɛə/skwɛː/skwɛɹ
ór oː/oɹ fórs force foːs/foɹs
ýr jʊə/jʊɹ kýr cure kjʊə/kjʊɹ
ar ɑː/ɑɹ start start stɑːt/stɑɹt
or ɔː/ɔɹ norþ north nɔːθ/nɔɹθ
ur ʊə/ʊɹ pur poor pʊə/pʊɹ
yr ɜː/ɜɹ nyrs nurse nɜːs/nɜɹs
å ɔː þåt thought θɔːt ɔːs
(a) ɑː faþer father fɑːðə/fɑːðɹ ɑːk

Consonants

Letter Value Example TO Name
C c tʃ cyrc church tʃiː
Ç ç (S s)[1] s çíkl, ráç cycle, race siː
Ʒ ʒ[2] dʒ ʒyʒ judge dʒiː
J j j jard yard jeɪ
ɾ ʃ[3] ʃ ʃip, fiʃ, ɾå ship, fish, Shaw ɪʃ
Ƨ ƨ/Z z[4] z róƨeƨ, zéró roses, zero Ƨƨ [ziː], Zz [zɛd]
Þ þ þéƨ klóþƨ these clothes

}

^  Çç is used only for etymological c in foreign words, else Ss is used: sé see, mís mice.
^  Where /dʒ/ represents etymologic j a dotted ʒ̇ may be used.
^  NB ɾ is only a place-holder until Unicode includes a capital ʃ looking like ɾ, since the sigma-like symbol feels quite wrong. U+A784 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER INSULAR S Ꞅ can also be used if available, but U+A785 LATIN SMALL LETTER INSULAR S ꞅ looks too much like an r in most fonts.
^  Zz is used only in foreign words. Ƨƨ is used in both native and foreign words for etymologic s.

The sound /ʒ/ is spelled differently depending on etymology: Áƨja Asia, mèƨýr measure, azýr azure, Ƹƹ: garàƹ.

(Perhaps Zz should be used for all instances of /z/ and Ƹƹ for all instances of /ʒ/?)

The plural and possessive ending is always spelled 'ƨ (bœ'ƨ boy's, boys, boys'‌), and the past tense ending is always spelled 'd (kep'd, skor's, fád'd).

The Ʒ ʒ character

The preferred shape of the letter Ʒ ʒ is not like the IPA ezh, but like the Insular G, ᵹ (\u1D79), the capital version of which however is not adopted in Unicode yet. I use Ʒ ʒ (ezh) provisionally since the capital version of Insular G is not adopted in Unicode yet, and the small letter also is missing from most Unicode fonts. The preferred shape is shown in this image:

Nasdzh.gif

It should be noted that in NAS this letter denotes the phoneme /dʒ/ and not the phoneme /ʒ/ which is written as if it were /zj/ or with Ƹƹ.

The ʃ character

In place of SC sc one may use the ʃ character with its IPA value. Note that it should have a descender, unlike the Latin letter Long s ſ, in order to be maximally distinct from f. The preferred capital form is ɾ, like a J turned 180 degrees or an Armenian Ր, in order to distinguish it from the lower-case form, and from capital S. Since this capital form is unavailable in standard fonts the forms (the Insular capital S) or Ʃ (the 'African' capital ʃ ) may be used, though care should be taken to distinguish from /Ʒ.

Alternative graphies

Letters with acute diacritics may be replaced with digraphs as follows á > aa, é > ee, í > ij, ó > eo, ú > ou, ý > yy, œ > oe, ů > uo, å > oa.

Þ, þ may be replaced with Th th, ɾ ʃ may be replaced with Sh sh or Sj sj and Ʒ ʒ may be replaced with Cg cg or Gj gj.

BPJ 02:04, 25 February 2006 (PST) BPJ 05:14, 3 August 2006 (PDT)

Alternative vowel glyphs — NASS2

Due to font problems the alternative vowel glyphs have to be shown as an image

The ɑ a ɛɩ glyphs

My preference would be to use ɑ ɑ for trap and father but ordinary A, a for face (with ƐƖ, ɛɩ as cursive form). In the meantime ɑ ɑ A, a 

as free variants for trap and father and ƐƖ, ɛɩ for face is preferable, since even unligatured ƐƖ ɛɩ is preferable to losing the distinction! Thus although I'd prefer example (1) below (2) is clearer.
Due to font problems the examples must be shown as an image

It's all a service to the Anglo terror diacriticorum anyway: if nearly all other languages uses diacritics, then why not English?

Last changed by BPJ 06:26, 2 August 2006 (PDT)

A forerunner

None less than Alexander Melville Bell has been down the same road as I with his World English Spelling]. But why on Earth not ī for [aɪ] when he otherwise used the macron for the 'long' values? Funny how his [ʍ] is as close as can be to my [ju] ꝡ! BPJ 13:50, 15 June 2009 (UTC)

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