|
|
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| 'Etaŕo' is a naturalistic conlang. It is not intended to fit into any of Earth's linguistic families
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Phonology==
| |
|
| |
| Etaŕo is represented with the following alphabet:
| |
| *"A" is pronounced "ah" as in "spa" (open back unrounded vowel)
| |
| **"Â" is between "a" (cat) and "e" (net), so is close to a near-open front unrounded vowel.
| |
| *"B" is pronounced "b" as in "bed" (voiced bilabial plosive)
| |
| *"C" is pronounced like "ch" (chop) but further back (voiced postaveolar fricative)
| |
| *"D" is pronounced "d" as in "dog" (voiced aveolar plosive)
| |
| *"E" is between "a" (play) and "e" (bed) (mid-front unrounded vowel)
| |
| *"F" is pronounced "f" as in "face" (voiceless labiodental fricative)
| |
| *"Ƒ" is like "F", but between two lips (voiceless bilabial fricative)
| |
| *"G" is pronounced "g" as in "ground" (voiced velar plosive)
| |
| *"H" is like a "g", but not closed all the way (voiceless velar fricative)
| |
| **"Ĥ" is an unvoiced [[Wikipedia:Uvular trill|uvular trill]]. Woodwind players sometimes use is for fluttertounging.
| |
| *"I" is pronounced "ee" as in "free" (close front unrounded vowel)
| |
| *"J" is like "Ƒ", but voiced (voiced labiodental fricative)
| |
| *"K" is pronounced "k" as in "key" (voiceless velar plosive)
| |
| *"L" is pronounced "l" as in "lamb" (lateral aveolar approximant)
| |
| *"M" is pronounced "m" as in "mall" (bilabial nasal)
| |
| *"N" is pronounced "n" as in "nose" (aveolar nasal
| |
| **"Ñ" is like "N", but with the middle of the tongue against the roof of the mouth (palatal nasal)
| |
| *"O" is pronounced like "o" (dog), but the mouth is closed up more (mid back rounded vowel)
| |
| **"Ô" is pronounced "oo" as in "foot" (near-close near-back vowel)
| |
| *"P" is pronounced "p" as in "part" (unvoiced bilabial plosive)
| |
| *"R" is pronounced "r" as in "rot" (aveolar approximant)
| |
| **"Ŕ" is pronounced like the Japanese "r" (aveolar tap)
| |
| *"S" is pronounced "s" as in "set" (unvoiced aveolar fricative)
| |
| *"T" is pronounced "t" as in "tea"
| |
| *"U" is pronounced "u" as in "euphoria" (near-close central rounded vowel)
| |
| *"V" is pronounced "v" as in "voice" (voiced labio-dental fricative)
| |
| *"W" is pronounced "w" as in "watts" (bilabial approximant)
| |
| *"X" is pronounced "sh" as in "shop" (voiced postaveolar fricative)
| |
| *"Y" is pronounced like "ee" (feet), but rounded (closed front rounded vowel)
| |
| *"Z" is pronounced "z" as in "zoo" (voiced aveolar fricative)
| |
| There is no "Q" in the Etaŕo alphabet.
| |
| ====Dipthongs====
| |
| Etaŕo has 3 dipthongs: au (ah-oo), iy (ee-u), and ôu.
| |
| Also, there are many instances where consonant clusters such as "td" are used, so articulation and voicing are used seperately.
| |
|
| |
| ===Tones and Stress===
| |
| Etaŕo words with multiple syllables usually has a downstep (low tone) on the ''first'' syllable. However, due to compound wording, declension and conjugations, some words are different. Although this change can usually be inferred by the context, when needed, the downstep may be notated by an undertie directly before or after the syllable, ex. otan (tailfin) and otan‿ ([I] don't try).
| |
| Stress, unlike tone, depends ''entirely'' on the word in question, and may be harder to understand in context. To notate stress, use an acute accent over the syllable's vowel, ex. haríyn (utterance) and háriyn (simple).
| |
|
| |
| ==Substantives==
| |
| ==Verents==
| |
| ==Verbs==
| |
| In Etaŕo, the verb can be put in the sentence, usually as '''the''' verb, but also in the subject, verent, or object in its agreeing infinitive form.
| |
| The following is the verb conjugation form for standard verbs: (ĥan means "hit")
| |
| {| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" align="center" class="wikitable"
| |
| ! Tense || Unchanged || Negated || Heightened || H. Negated
| |
| |-
| |
| | Infinitive || ĥansá‿ || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Presently || ĥasn || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Immediate || ĥasén || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Definite || u'ĥán || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Indefinite || uj'ĥán || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | First || ĥaná || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Last || ĥaln || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | General || '''ĥan''' || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Eventual || ĥáde || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Corresponding|| ĥane‿ || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Impetuous || ĥána || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |-
| |
| | Imperative || ĥanán || ĥan || ĥan || ĥan
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Conlangs]]
| |
