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| [[Dal'qörian|back to main page]] | | [[Dalcurian Language Homepage|Homepage]] |
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| [[Dal'qörian pronouns|back to Dalcurian pronouns]] | | [[Dal'qörian pronouns|Redirect to Dalcurian pronouns]] |
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| Personal pronouns refer to people or things.
| | [[Category:Dalcurian]] |
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| ==='''Nominative (subject) pronouns'''===
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| The Dalcurian ''nominative'' personal pronouns (the subject of the sentence or clause) are:
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| {| border="1"
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| | '''binä
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| | ''I/I am''
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| | '''diö'''
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| | ''you/you are''
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| | '''mæ'''
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| | ''he/he is''
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| | '''sia'''
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| | ''she/she is''
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| | '''éren'''
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| | ''they/they''
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| | '''tiÞ'''
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| | ''it/it is''
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| | '''ména'''
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| | ''we/we are''
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| |}
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| There are also two impersonal pronouns in Dalcurian: '''minä'''-''you/one'' and '''minäla'''-''they'', and these are used when referring to people in general, the subjunctive mood, and to equate the use of the passive tense in English (see '''Verbs'''):
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| * '''Am iáda, minä näocr nörasägrax dal'qörian!''' ''One cannot learn dal'qörian in a day!
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| * '''Minäla gä’escanostr di abödä,, qösra tiÞ gé’stæméras'''. ''The house was demolished because it was dangerous.'' (lit: ''They demolished the house, because it was unsafe'').
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| As you can see, the subject pronouns can also carry the present tense inflections of the verb to be: ''am, are, is''. In Dalcurian, one can assume that ''am/are/is'' can always be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:
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| ː Followed by a present participle (a verb with the ia inflection)<BR/>ːFollowed by an uninflected adjective (including modifying words such as ''very/extremely'')
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| ''am/are/is'' are not to be taken as read when a noun or pronoun is:
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| ː Followed by a modal verb (see '''Verbs-''Modals''''')<BR/>ːFollowed by the infinitive of a verb (a verb that ends in '''r''')<BR/>ːFollowed by the imperfect and perfect past tense of a verb<BR/>ːFollowed by an inflected adjective
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| examples:
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| * '''Binä göria nöra'''. ''I am going now.''
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| * '''Di gadörajel tädø'''. ''The dogs are tired.''
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| * '''Dörac iáda, ména gä’vecsár!''' ''We argued all day!''
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| * '''Öcra tirimiÞ, sia gé’námaroqu disiri'''. ''She was very depressed for a long time.''
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| * '''Iáda, Gáré recévria ni Bemöa'''. ''Gary is getting a BMW today.''
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| * '''Stæ’irønet, vonéri sol, eviár binä abödä'''. ''I rarely get home before 6.''
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| * '''Éren voltir ni didérämös'''. ''They want a drink.''
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| However, the verb may not always immediately follow the pronoun/noun due to prepositional word order:
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| * '''Tev'araciev, ména, máriÞ érenöra, görøria'''. ''We are going out with them later'''.
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| ----
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| ==='''Accusative (direct object) pronouns'''===
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| The ''accusative'' pronoun is the 'object' of the sentence or the thing that is affected by the action of the verb:
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| * I asked '''him'''.
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| * She gave '''her''' the book.
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| * They told '''us''' to go-away!
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| The Dalcurian accusative (or objective) pronouns are:
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| {| border="1"
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| | '''binöra'''
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| | ''me/myself''
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| | '''diöra'''
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| | ''you/yourself''
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| | '''mæöra'''
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| | ''him/himself''
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| | '''siöra'''
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| | ''her/herself''
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| | '''érenöra'''
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| | ''them/themselves''
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| | '''tiÞöra'''
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| | ''it/itself''
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| | '''ménöra'''
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| | ''us/ourselves''
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| |}
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| '''NOTE''': Unlike English, the accusative personal pronouns ''you'' (pl & sing) and ''it'' are not the same as the nominative. You will also see that these pronouns count as ''reflexive'' pronouns (see '''Reflexive Pronouns''')
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| ----
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| ==='''Dative (indirect object) pronouns'''===
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| In English, there is no distinction between a ''dative'' or an ''accusative'' pronoun (unlike say German, which can have up to three forms of the pronoun: '''I'''-''ich'', '''me/myself'''-''mich'' and '''to me'''-''mir''). English can however, distinguish a dative pronoun with the preposition ''to'':
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| * I gave the book ''to her''.
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| * She gave it back ''to me''.
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| * We must distribute these leaflets ''to the people''.
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| Sometimes, the sentence can be re-arranged, or the preposition can be omitted:
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| * I gave [''to''] her the book.
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| * She gave me it back.
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| In Dalcurian, a dative pronoun is constructed with the preposition '''te''' which attaches to the ''nominative'' with a high apostrophe. In this instance, the dative pronoun/object must then 'follow' the subject because of dal'qörian prepositional word order (see '''Prepositions''')
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| * '''Binä, te'sia, gä’andöcr di lalégraj'''. ''I gave her the book/I gave the book to her''. (lit: ''I, to she, gave the book'').
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| * '''Sia, te'binä, gä’ädandöcr'''. ''She gave it back to me/She gave me it back''. (lit: ''She, to me, returned it'').
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| NOTE: In the last example, the verb '''ädandöcr''' means literally ''to give something back/to return something'', therefore, does not need the pronoun '''tiÞ'''-''it''.
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