Proto-Uralic/harmony: Difference between revisions
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! -t- | ! -t- | ||
| *täktä "bone"<br/>*tetki- "to spread"<br/>*totki "a fish"<br/>*tOkta "duck"<br/>*tuktV "crossbeam"<br/>*tumti- "to feel"<br/>''FV *turta'' "stiff"<br/>''WU *tätäj'' "aunt"<br/>''WU * | | *täktä "bone"<br/>*tetki- "to spread"<br/>*totki "a fish"<br/>*tOkta "duck"<br/>*tuktV "crossbeam"<br/>*tumti- "to feel"<br/>''FiP *tetri'' "grouse" (← IE/onmp?)<br/>''FV *turta'' "stiff"<br/>''WU *tätäj'' "aunt"<br/>''WU *tïïp-ta-'' "to let loose"<br/>''EU *tVnt'' "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) <br/>''EU *tult'' "sorcery"<br/>''EU *tajt-'' "to hide"<br/>''EU *tüɣtə'' "fire"<br/>(''EU *täŋətə'' "quiver") | ||
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| *nato "in-law"<br/>*nojta "shaman"<br/>''FiSmy *natta'' "snot"<br/>''SP *neŋti'' "shaft"<br/>''MoP *norta'' "sleigh" | | *nato "in-law"<br/>*nojta "shaman"<br/>''FiSmy *natta'' "snot"<br/>''SP *neŋti'' "shaft"<br/>''MoP *norta'' "sleigh" | ||
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! -s- | ! -s- | ||
| | | ''FiNe *tasa' "even"<br/>''EUP *dosa'' "vessel"<br/>''KSmy *tɜsɜ'' "birch bark roof"<br/>(''FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä'' "8, 9") | ||
| *soski- "to chew"<br/>*sëksi "cembra"<br/>*suksi "ski"<br/>''FP *säsV'' "soft"<br/>''FP *säksä'' "dirty"<br/>''FP *sVsar'' "sister" (← IE)<br/>''EUP *sVs-'' "to become wet"<br/>''FV *sosV'' "porous"<br/>''FV *soksi'' "worm"<br/>''WU *süskä-'' "to push"<br/>''MaK *sVpsVr'' "pole with boughs" | | *soski- "to chew"<br/>*sëksi "cembra"<br/>*suksi "ski"<br/>''FP *säsV'' "soft"<br/>''FP *säksä'' "dirty"<br/>''FP *sVsar'' "sister" (← IE)<br/>''EUP *sVs-'' "to become wet"<br/>''FV *sosV'' "porous"<br/>''FV *soksi'' "worm"<br/>''WU *süskä-'' "to push"<br/>''MaK *sVpsVr'' "pole with boughs" | ||
| ''FV *neskä-'' "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)<br/>''FV *niis-tä-'' "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)<br/>''WU *niisi'' "woman"<br/>''WU *nuska-'' "to sneeze ~ to pant" | | ''FV *neskä-'' "to scrape" (could also be *-š-)<br/>''FV *niis-tä-'' "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!)<br/>''WU *niisi'' "woman"<br/>''WU *nuska-'' "to sneeze ~ to pant" | ||
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! -n- | ! -n- | ||
| | | *tonɜ- "to learn"<br/>''FP *tërna'' "hay"<br/>''OUP *deni'' "price" | ||
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! -ć- | ! -ć- | ||
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| ''MaNe *noća'' "nettle"<br/>''KH *nAńća'' "hard"<br/>''MaK *nɜćɜ-'' "to knead" | | ''MaNe *noća'' "nettle"<br/>''KH *nAńća'' "hard"<br/>''MaK *nɜćɜ-'' "to knead" | ||
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! -ś- | ! -ś- | ||
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! -ń- | ! -ń- | ||
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! -ð´- | ! -ð´- | ||
| | | *tuð´ka "tip" | ||
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| ''PMs *näð´(k)ɜ'' "trap" (~ Fi ''nalkki?!'') | | ''PMs *näð´(k)ɜ'' "trap" (~ Fi ''nalkki?!'') | ||
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! -č- | ! -č- | ||
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! -š- | ! -š- | ||
| | | ''FP *taškɜ'' "back of knife"<br/>''FP *teškä'' "bush; beard''<br/>''FV *tošti-'' "to dare"<br/>''MaU *tušɜ-'' "to perceive"<br/>''WU *täštä'' "star" | ||
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| *nuša- "to scrape"<br/>''FV *nüšɜ'' "blunt"<br/>''FP *nušja'' "hammer" | | *nuša- "to scrape"<br/>''FV *nüšɜ'' "blunt"<br/>''FP *nušja'' "hammer" | ||
Revision as of 07:50, 5 June 2011
Co-occurrence of coronals in roots.
Might have to add *l, in case *ð´ is actually [lʲ]; at any rate, *r is neutral.
Possible sub-PU distributions:
- WU = West Uralic (F+S+Mo)
- FV = Finno-Volgaic (WU+Ma)
- FP = Finno-Permic (WU+P / FV+P)
- ECU = East-Central Uralic (Ma+P+EU)
- EU = East Uralic (H+Ms+Kh+Smy)
2-combos not listed indicated per components. (Finnic marked as "Fi" if disambiguation is needed.)
| t- | s- | n- | ð- | ć- | ś- | ń- | ð´- | č- | š- | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -t- | *täktä "bone" *tetki- "to spread" *totki "a fish" *tOkta "duck" *tuktV "crossbeam" *tumti- "to feel" FiP *tetri "grouse" (← IE/onmp?) FV *turta "stiff" WU *tätäj "aunt" WU *tïïp-ta- "to let loose" EU *tVnt "birch bark"(~ F *tano?) EU *tult "sorcery" EU *tajt- "to hide" EU *tüɣtə "fire" (EU *täŋətə "quiver") |
*nato "in-law" *nojta "shaman" FiSmy *natta "snot" SP *neŋti "shaft" MoP *norta "sleigh" |
- | (FP *ńüki-tä- "to pluck") | - | |||||
| -s- | FiNe *tasa' "even" EUP *dosa "vessel" KSmy *tɜsɜ "birch bark roof" (FV *ükt-, kakt-eksä "8, 9") |
*soski- "to chew" *sëksi "cembra" *suksi "ski" FP *säsV "soft" FP *säksä "dirty" FP *sVsar "sister" (← IE) EUP *sVs- "to become wet" FV *sosV "porous" FV *soksi "worm" WU *süskä- "to push" MaK *sVpsVr "pole with boughs" |
FV *neskä- "to scrape" (could also be *-š-) FV *niis-tä- "to sneeze" (cf. IE?!) WU *niisi "woman" WU *nuska- "to sneeze ~ to pant" |
- | EU *ńeɣɬə "path" (could also be *-š-) | - | ||||
| -n- | *tonɜ- "to learn" FP *tërna "hay" OUP *deni "price" |
- | - | FP *ńiini "bast" | - | |||||
| -ð- | *täwði "full" | MoP *soða "tree bark" (…) | *nüði "handle" FiP *nejði "girl" (or -t-?) |
*ðäpðä "spleen" | WU *ńüðä- "to tie" (could also be -ð´-) (*ńoxi-ða- "to follo"?) |
- | ||||
| -ć- | - | MaNe *noća "nettle" KH *nAńća "hard" MaK *nɜćɜ- "to knead" |
- | *ńë(ŋ)kćim "gills" | - | |||||
| -ś- | - | - | - | *ńukśi "sable", *ńiŋśi "milt" | - | |||||
| -ń- | - | - | - | - | - | |||||
| -ð´- | *tuð´ka "tip" | PMs *näð´(k)ɜ "trap" (~ Fi nalkki?!) | - | - | - | |||||
| -č- | - | - | - | *ńečä "hook" *ńëčki "raw" *ńanča "to stretch" *ńičkä "to tear" *ńačɜ "grass" SP *ńoča "slow" KSmy *ńɜčɜ "moss" WU *ńočka "bend" |
- | |||||
| -š- | FP *taškɜ "back of knife" FP *teškä "bush; beard FV *tošti- "to dare" MaU *tušɜ- "to perceive" WU *täštä "star" |
*nuša- "to scrape" FV *nüšɜ "blunt" FP *nušja "hammer" |
- | - | - |
