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| __NOTOC__
| | {{infobox|name=Atlantic (''Ədlantkɛ'')|pronounce=/ə̀dlɑnkɛ́/|tu=[[Nother]]<br>[[../Timeline|16th century–present]]|species=[[Races of Nother|demihumans]]|in=[[../Atlanteia/]] (''Ədləntɛ'')|no=[no data]|script=[[../Kirumb alphabet/]]|tree=''[[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]''<br> ''[[Satem]]''<br> |
| | [[Hadwan languages|Hadwan]]<br> [[Kirumb]]<br> [[Âdlantki]]<br> '''Atlantic'''|morph=Fusional|ms=[no data]|wo=VSO|creator=[[User:Muke|Muke Tever]] | [[User Talk:Muke|✎]]|date=at earliest 2001<br>at latest 2003}} |
| | '''Atlantic''' is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the demihumans of [[../Atlanteia/]] (''Ədləntɛ''), a Mediterranean island in the [[Nother]] happentrack. |
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| ==Atlantic== | | ==Name== |
| ===Description===
| | The most general term is "Atlantic", ''atlante'' in Spanish, both translations of the native term ''Ədlantkɛ,'' after the island where it is spoken, which was in turn named after the legendary Atlantis. |
| An Indo-European language spoken by the demihumans of [[Nother]].
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| *Timespan: Modern day.
| | When contrasted to the other minor Atlanteian languages it is called "Kirumb" or "Atlantic Kirumb", referring to the tribe ([[../Kirumbi/]]; Atlantic: Kɛrbɔs) of [[races of Nother|demihumans]] whose language [[../Kirumb/]] was parent to it; the name comes from a word meaning 'gryphon'. The people are still sometimes referred to as Kirumbi or Κɛrbɔs. |
| *Setting: Atlantia (''Ədləntɛ''), a fictional Mediterranean island.
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| *Author: [[User:Muke|Muke Tever]] | [[User Talk:Muke|✎]]
| | ==History== |
| | ''Atlantic'' is the name given to the [[Âdlantki]] language after about the late 1500s. The division is largely arbitrary, as the difference between the two stages of the language is not substantial. The largest difference is in the smoothing of original diphthongs; the most noticeable difference is the lowering of final vowels. |
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| ===Phonology and Orthography=== | | ==Classification and influences== |
| | Atlantic is a [[Hadwan languages|Hadwan]] language in the [[Indo-European languages|Indo-European]] family. Besides its inherited lexicon, Atlantic derives borrowed vocabulary for acrolectal terms from [[Ancient Greek]], modern terms from [[Spanish]], and newer technical terms from [[Modern English]]. |
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| | ==Geographic distribution== |
| | The original homeland of the Atlantic-speakers is [[../Atlanteia/]], though in later years overpopulation of the island led to the formation of substantial communities in nearby countries (Spain, Morocco, and Algeria), and later in the United States and Canada. |
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| | ==Sounds== |
| The Atlantic language has twelve vowels: eight short and four long. | | The Atlantic language has twelve vowels: eight short and four long. |
| {| cellpadding=5 | | {| cellpadding=5 |
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| |- | | |- |
| ! vd fric | | ! vd fric |
| | v b /v/ || || z || ʒ | | | v b /v/ || || z || ʒ y /ʒ/ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! sonorant | | ! sonorant |
| | || l || r /ɾ/ || y /j/ | | | || l || r /ɾ/ || y /j/ |
| |} | | |} |
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| | ''H'' is silent. ''Y'' is pronounced as /ʒ/ after a consonant or before /i/ and /u/. |
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| Accentuation consists of a high or low pitch accent on the first mora of a word. | | Accentuation consists of a high or low pitch accent on the first mora of a word. |
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| For historical reasons, most verbs have high pitch. | | For historical reasons, most verbs have high pitch. |
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| ==Morphosyntax== | | ==Grammar== |
| | ===Typology=== |
| | Atlantic is somewhat isolating and somewhat fusional. |
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| | In nouns, the case system held by its ancestor Kirumb has been replaced by the use of postpositions. The language prefers borrowing words to producing compounds, so the number of morphemes per word is low: in most cases there is only the root morpheme and perhaps the plural marker or the occasional clitic. |
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| | :{{gl|rore |room }} |
| | {{gl|mɛʃɛ |large }} |
| | {{gl|kɛdə |what }} |
| | {{gl|nɛ, |in }} |
| | {{gl|təmmɛ |that }} |
| | {{gl|nɛ |in }} |
| | {{gl|gəft-ɛt |host-{{SC|PTCP}} }} |
| | {{gl|ɛrtɛ |be.{{SC|3PL}} }} |
| | {{gl|ʃɛnkr-ɔs|event-{{SC|PL}} }} |
| | {{gl|hɛθ |such }} |
| | :{{glend|the large room in which such events are held}} |
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| | Verbs, however, still retain some inflection, and often have separate stems in the progressive and in the aorist. |
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| | :{{gl|Noʃ-vɛ|smell.{{SC|PROG}}-{{SC|1SG.PROG}}}} |
| | {{gl|ookoo |alcohol }} |
| | {{gl|adə. |{{SC|ACC}} }} |
| | :{{glend|I smell alcohol.}} |
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| | :{{gl|Nor-tɔ|smell.{{SC|AOR}}-{{SC|3SG.AOR}}}} |
| | {{gl|ookoo |alcohol }} |
| | {{gl|adə. |{{SC|ACC}} }} |
| | :{{glend|He smelled alcohol.}} |
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| | ===Nouns=== |
| | Atlantic nouns inflect only for number. |
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| | The singular is the unmarked form. |
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| | For words ending in ''-ɛ'', the plural is formed by adding ''-s'', thus ''-ɛs''. For words ending in ''-e'', the plural is formed by removing the ''-e'' and adding ''-ɔs''. The plural of all other words is formed by appending ''-ɔs'' to the singular. |
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| | Exceptions exist, such as words in original long ''-ee'': ''vee'' "hand", whose plural is ''veeos''. Words whose ''-ee'' is secondary, such as ''ree'' "matter, affair", (earlier ''roye'') have a regular plural such as ''reɔs''. |
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| | A few words, mainly body parts, have a special dual in ''-o''. |
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| ===Verbs=== | | ===Verbs=== |
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| ====Progressive endings==== | | ====Progressive endings==== |
| {| cellpadding=5 | | {| valign="top" id="toc" |
| ! ''v / k'' !! sg !! du !! pl | | ! ''v / k'' !! sg !! du !! pl |
| |- | | |- |
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| | -tɛ || || -(ə)ŋtɛ | | | -tɛ || || -(ə)ŋtɛ |
| |} | | |} |
| | | {| valign="top" id="toc" |
| {| cellpadding=5 | |
| ! ''simple'' !! sg !! du !! pl | | ! ''simple'' !! sg !! du !! pl |
| |- | | |- |
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| ====Aorist endings==== | | ====Aorist endings==== |
| {| cellpadding=5 | | {| valign="top" id="toc" |
| ! ''v / k'' !! sg !! du !! pl | | ! ''v / k'' !! sg !! du !! pl |
| |- | | |- |
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| | -tɔ || || -(ə)ŋtɔ | | | -tɔ || || -(ə)ŋtɔ |
| |} | | |} |
| | | {| valign="top" id="toc" |
| {| cellpadding=5 | |
| ! ''simple'' !! sg !! du !! pl | | ! ''simple'' !! sg !! du !! pl |
| |- | | |- |
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| |} | | |} |
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| ===Lexicon=== | | ====An example==== |
| *[http://frath.net/pdf/atl-lex5.pdf The lexicon as a PDF file], dated 2 May 2004
| | “fisvɛ” — to write. |
| | | {| valign="top" id="toc" |
| ====A====
| | !colspan=4 style="background:#efefef;"| Progressive stem ''fis-'' |
| *'''abɛ''' [ɑ̀.və] ''adj. indecl.'' second; other.
| | |- |
| *'''absɛ''' [ɑ́p.sə] ''n.'' the depths of the sea; the most intense or profound part. —Greek ἀβυσσός.
| | !colspan=4| |
| *'''adə''' [ɑ.də] ''postp.'' to, towards.
| | |- bgcolor=lightgrey |
| *'''afɔrivɛ''' [ɑ̀.fə.ɾí.və] ''v.'' uncover. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''afrere''' [ɑ́f.ɾə.ɾe] ''n.'' uncovering, revelation.
| | ! !! sg. !! du. !! pl. |
| *'''afʃɛr''' [ɑ́f.ʃəɾ] ''adj.'' after, farther. '''aftam''' ''adj.'' last, farthest.
| | |- |
| *'''afɔ''' [ɑ.fə] ''postp.'' from.
| | !bgcolor=lightgrey| I. |
| *'''afɔlivɛ''' [ɑ̀.fə.lí.və] ''v.'' unfold, open. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
| | | fisvɛ |
| *'''agməvɛ''' [ɑ̀ŋ.mə.vɛ́] ''v.'' arrive. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''agməre''' ''n.'' arrival.
| | | fisbdə |
| *'''Alpes''' [ôː.pəs] ''n.'' the Alps.
| | | fisəndə |
| *'''Amerika''' [ɑ̀.mə.ɾí.kə] ''n.'' America. '''Amerikɛk''' ''adj.'' American.
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| *'''amne''' [ɑ́m.nə] ''n.'' name. '''amnifisre''' ''n.'' autograph, signature.
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| *'''an-''' [ɑ̀n] ''pref.'' again, re-.
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| *'''aŋɛʒʒɛsvɛ''' [ɑ̀.ŋəʒ.ʒɛ́s.və] ''v.'' adapt. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''aŋɛʒʒɛsre''' ''n.'' adaptation.
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| *'''arklɛ''' [ɑ́rk.lə] ''n.'' farmer.
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| *'''aʃɛnkre''' [ɑ̀.ʃən.kɾé] ''n.'' accident.
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| *'''aʃvɛ''' [ɑ́ʃ.və] ''v.'' eat. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''aʃre''' ''n.'' eating, meal.
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| *'''aθɔŋtivɛ''' [ɑ̀θ.əŋ.tí.və] ''v.'' direct, aim, address. '''aθɔŋtire''' ''n.'' address, direction.
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| *'''Australia''' [ɑ̌u̯s.tɾə.li.ə] ''n.'' Australia. —Spanish ''Australia.''
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| *'''autɔbus''' [ɑ̂u̯.tə.bus] ''n.'' bus. —Spanish ''autobús.''
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| ====B====
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| *'''balkonɛ''' [vɑ̀l.kə.nɛ́] ''n.'' balcony. —Italian ''balcone.''
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| *'''banana''' [vɑ̀.nə.nɑ] ''n.'' banana. —Spanish ''banana.''
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| *'''baŋkɔ''' [vɑ́ŋ.kə] ''n.'' bank. —Spanish ''banco.''
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| *'''beevɛ''' [vêːv] ''v.'' proclaim. (''aor:'' '''bok''')
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| *'''bɛr''' [vɛ́ɾ] ''v.'' carry. (''aor:'' '''bɛss''') '''bərtɛ''' ''ppl.'' carried, borne.
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| *'''bɛkəglɛ''' [vɛ̀.kəɡ.lɛ́] ''n.'' bicycle.
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| *'''bɛsɔrt''' [vɛ̀.sɔɾt] ''n.'' cracker.
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| *'''bəble''' [və̀v.lə] ''n.'' book. —Greek βύβλος.
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| *'''bərkʃɛ''' [və̀ɾk.ʃə] ''adj.'' sharp.
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| *'''bəʃʃe''' [və́ʃ.ʃə] ''n.'' nature, habit, custom.
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| *'''bisikleta''' [ví.sək.le.tə] ''n.'' bicycle. —Spanish ''bicicleta.''
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| *'''blɛvɛ''' [vlɛ̀.və] ''n.'' flower.
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| *'''bləgrɛ''' [vlə̀ɡ.əɾ] ''adj.'' shiny.
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| *'''bləŋne''' [vlə́ŋ.nə] ''n.'' blight. '''bləŋdrɛ''' ''adj.'' blighted.
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| *'''blɔkivɛ''' [vlɔ́.kə.vɛ] ''v.'' shine. (''aor:'' '''bɔɔkisva''') '''blɔkʃɔʃʃ''' ''adj.'' shining.
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| *'''blukɛ''' [vlù.kə] ''n.'' shine, incandescence.
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| *'''boonʒe''' [vôːnd.ʒə] ''n.'' bathroom, restroom.
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| *'''bɔŋɛ''' [vɔ̀.ŋə] ''n.'' sick person.
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| *'''briʃvɛ''' [vɾíʃ.və] ''v.'' do, fashion, make. (''aor:'' '''brɛʃva''') '''əstɛ''' ''ppl.'' done, made. '''briʃʃe''' ''n.'' creator.
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| *'''brostər''' [vròs.təɾ] ''n.'' brother. '''brotre''' ''n.'' fraternity, brotherhood.
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| ====D====
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| *'''dənnɛ''' [də̀n.nə] ''n.'' bench.
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| *'''dɔmɛ''' [dɔ̀.mə] ''n.'' house.
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| *'''dɔɔlɛ''' [dɔ̌ːl] ''n.'' window.
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| *'''dɔɔnɛ''' [dɔ̌ːn] ''n.'' thing.
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| *'''dɔrt''' ''ppl. of'' '''ʃkreevɛ.'''
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| *'''dɔrʒo''' [dɔ́ɾ.ʒə] ''n.'' door. '''dɔrʒɔs''' ''pl.''
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| *'''dramte''' [dɾɑ́mp.tə] ''n.'' drama, play. —Greek δρᾶμα.
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| *'''dveegvɛ''' [dvêː.ɡvə] ''v.'' include. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
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| ====E==== | |
| *'''eene''' [êːn] ''n.'' morning.
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| *'''eevɛ''' [êːv] ''v.'' praise. (''aor:'' '''ogva''')
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| *'''exne''' [éx.nə] ''n.'' shame. —Greek αἰσχύνη.
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| *'''elektrɔnik''' [é.lək.tɾɔ.nək] ''adj.'' electronic. —Spanish ''electrónico.''
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| *'''ellɛ''' [él.lə] ''n.'' cat, feline. —Greek αἴλουρος.
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| *'''ensalada''' [ént.sə.lɑ.də] ''n.'' salad. —Spanish ''ensalada.''
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| ====Ɛ====
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| *'''ɛɛʒ''' [ɛ̂ʒ] ''adj.'' profound, deep.
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| *'''ɛgʒɛsvɛ''' [ɛ́ɡ.ʒəs.vɛ] ''v.'' terminate. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
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| *'''ɛxrəstɔ''' [ɛ́x.ɾəs.tɔ] ''interj.'' thanks, thank you. —Greek εὐχαριστέω.
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| *'''ɛliʒoo''' [ɛ́.lə.ʒoː] ''v.'' be gracious, show mercy. —Greek ἔλεος.
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| *'''ɛlpsvɛ''' [ɛ́lp.svə] ''v.'' hope for, expect. (''aor:'' '''ɛlps''') —Greek ἐλπίζω.
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| *'''ɛlvɛ''' [ɛ́l.və] ''n.'' oil. —Greek ἔλαιϝον.
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| *'''ɛmʒɛn''' [ɛ́m.ʒən] ''n.'' arrangement, order.
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| *'''ɛnsvɛ''' [ɛ́ns.və] ''v.'' reach. (''aor:'' '''ɛnst''')
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| *'''Ɛŋglɛk''' [ɛ́ŋ.ɡlɛk] ''adj.'' English.
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| *'''ɛr''' [ɛɾ] ''v.'' am.
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| {| cellpadding=5 align=center
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| ! !! sg !! du !! pl | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 1p | | !bgcolor=lightgrey| II. |
| | ɛr || ɛsvɛdə || ɛmmɛdə | | | fisrɛ |
| | | — |
| | | fisbe |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 2p | | !bgcolor=lightgrey| III. |
| | ɛsɛ || || ɛzvɛ | | | fistɛ |
| | | — |
| | | fisəŋtɛ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 3p | | !colspan=4 style="background:#efefef;"| Aorist stem ''fes-'' |
| | ɛst || || ɛrtɛ | | |- bgcolor=lightgrey |
| |}
| | ! !! sg. !! du. !! pl. |
| *'''ɛʃ''' [ɛ́ʃ] ''v.'' say. (''aor:'' '''ɛst''')
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| {| cellpadding=5 align=center
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| ! !! sg !! du !! pl | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 1p | | !bgcolor=lightgrey| I. |
| | ɛʃ || iʃvɛdə || iʃmɛdə | | | fesva |
| | | fesbdə |
| | | fesəndə |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 2p | | !bgcolor=lightgrey| II. |
| | ɛst || || izvɛ | | | fesrɔ |
| | | — |
| | | fesdɔ |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 3p | | !bgcolor=lightgrey| III. |
| | ɛst || || istɛ | | | festɔ |
| | | — |
| | | fesəŋtɔ |
| |} | | |} |
| *'''ɛtʃɛsvɛ''' [ɛ́t.ʃəs.vɛ] ''v.'' supply. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
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| *'''Ɛvrupɛ''' [ɛ́v.ɾə.pɛ] ''n.'' Europe. '''Ɛvrupɛk''' ''adj.'' European. —Greek Εὐρώπη.
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| ====Ə====
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| *'''əbbɛrvɛ''' [ə̀v.vər.vɛ́] ''v.'' discard, leave behind, drop. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
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| *'''Ədləntɛ''' [ə́d.lən.tɛ] ''n.'' Atlantia. —Greek Ἄτλας.
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| *'''əfkerʒe''' [ə̀f.kəɾ.ʒé] ''n.'' due and proper time. —Greek εὐκαιρία.
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| *'''əxrɛstʃe''' [ə́x.ɾəst.ʃe] ''n.'' thanksgiving. —Greek εὐχαριστία.
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| *'''əlve''' [ə̀l.və] ''n.'' overcast sky.
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| *'''əmbɔ''' [ə̀m.və] ''adj.'' both.
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| *'''əmres''' [ə̀mb.ɾəs] ''adv.'' daily.
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| *'''ənde''' [ə̀n.də] ''n.'' water.
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| *'''əntɛ''' [ə̀n.tə] ''n.'' year.
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| *'''əŋgeevɛ''' [ə̀ŋ.ɡe.vɛ́] ''v.'' attempt. (aor: '''əŋgoosa''')
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| *'''əŋkɛ''' [ə̀ŋ.kə] ''n.'' hook.
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| *'''əpveevɛ''' [ə̀p.ve.vɛ́] ''v.'' sprout. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
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| *'''ərrɛ''' [ə̀ɾ.ɾə] ''n.'' field, farm.
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| *'''əʃgɛmvɛ''' [ə̀ʃ.ɡəm.vɛ́] ''v.'' overstep, transgress, trespass. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''əʃgəʃʃe''' ''n.'' transgress, trespass.
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| *'''əŋʃɛ''' [ə̀ŋk.ʃə] ''n.'' goal, target, destination.
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| *'''əstɛ''' ''ppl. of'' '''briʃvɛ.'''
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|
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| ====F====
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| *'''’f''' ''suff.'' genitive marker.
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| *'''fɛlʒe''' [fɛ́l.ʒə] ''v.'' fill. (''aor:'' '''plɛk, pli-''')
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| *'''fɛrɛ''' [fɛ̀.ɾə] ''adj.'' close, nigh. (''comp:'' '''fɛrɔʃrɛ''', ''sup:'' '''fɛrɔtmɛ''')
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| *'''fɛrfooʃre''' [fɛ́ɾ.foʃ.ɾe] ''n.'' perfection. '''fɛrfooʃras''' ''adv.'' perfectly.
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| *'''fɛtɛ''' [fɛ̀.tə] ''n.'' bread. '''fɛtivɛ''' ''v.'' bake. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''fɛtostər''' ''n.'' baker.
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| *'''fəŋtɛ''' [fə̀ŋk.tə] ''adj.'' all.
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| *'''fəssɛ''' [fə̀s.sə] ''adj.'' beautiful.
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| *'''fəstre''' [fə̀s.təɾ] ''n.'' father.
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| *'''filvɛ''' [fíl.və] ''v.'' read. (''aor:'' '''-va''')
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| *'''firvɛ''' [fíɾ.və] ''v.'' try. (''aor:'' '''fɛrva''') '''fire''' ''n.'' try, attempt.
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| *'''fisvɛ''' [fís.və] ''v.'' write. (''aor:'' '''fesva''') '''fisre''' ''n.'' writing, inscription. '''fistre''' ''n.'' author.
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| *'''foobɛ''' [fôːv] ''adj.'' many.
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| *'''fool''' [fôːl] ''n.'' plain, field.
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| *'''footam''' [fôː.təm] ''adj.'' most.
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| *'''fostər''' [fós.təɾ] ''n.'' food.
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| *'''fɔɔdɔ''' [fɔ̂.də] ''n.'' estate. —Spanish ''feudo.''
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| *'''fɔɔlɛ''' [fɔ̌ːl] ''n.'' bottle, flask.
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| *'''furtmɛ''' [fúɾ.mə] ''adj.'' first; earliest.
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|
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| ====G====
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| *'''gɛdvɛ''' [ɡɛ́d.və] ''v.'' want. (''aor:'' '''gest''')
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| *'''gɛmvɛ''' [ɡɛ́m.və] ''v.'' come. (''aor:'' '''-va''') '''gatɛ''' ''ppl.'' come, arrived.
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| *'''gəfʃe''' [ɡə́f.ʃə] ''n.'' host. '''gəftɔʃʃ''' ''n.'' hosting, booking. '''gəftɛt''' ''ppl. of'' '''gɔftivɛ.'''
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| *'''gəʃʃe''' [ɡə́ʃ.ʃə] ''n.'' stranger.
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| *'''gəʃʃe''' [ɡə́ʃ.ʃə] ''n.'' step.
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| *'''glumɛ''' [ɡlù.mə] ''n.'' joy. '''glumkɛ''' ''adj.'' happy, joyful.
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| *'''goone''' [gôːn] ''n.'' woe, grief.
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| *'''gɔdʒɛl''' [ɡɔ́d.ʒəl] ''n.'' measure, quality.
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| *'''gɔftive''' [ɡɔ́f.tə.vɛ] ''v.'' be a host, entertain. (''aor:'' '''gɔftos''') '''gəftɛt''' ''ppl.'' hosted, booked. '''gɔfteere''' ''n.'' entertainment.
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| *'''-gve''' ''suff.'' place name suffix.
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|
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| ====H====
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| *'''halɛɛ''' [ɑ́.lɛ] ''interj.'' hello!
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| *'''hamartʃe''' [ɑ̀.məɾt.ʃé] ''n.'' sin. —Greek ἁμαρτία.
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| *'''he''' [e] ''pron. pers. 3p.'' '''həs''' ''gen.''
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| *'''hɛkrɛ''' [ɛ́k.əɾ] ''n.'' law.
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| *'''hɛnɛ''' [ɛ̀.nə] ''n.'' old.
| |
| *'''hɛʃvɛ''' [ɛ́ʃ.və] ''v.'' have, own. (''aor:'' '''hɛst''') '''hɛʃre''' ''n.'' possession, ownership.
| |
| *'''hɛθ''' [ɛθ] ''adj.'' such.
| |
| *'''həmmɛ''' [ə̀m.mə] ''n.'' setup.
| |
| *'''hmerɛ''' [mé.ɾə] ''adj.'' wonderful.
| |
| *'''hoone''' [ɔ̂ːn] ''n.'' sun.
| |
| *'''hɔdne''' [ɔ́d.nə] ''n.'' office, post. '''hɔdnor''' ''n.'' office, study.
| |
| *'''hɔmlodʒe''' [ɔ́mb.ləd.ʒe] ''n.'' confession, acknowledgement. —Greek ὁμολογία.
| |
| *'''hɔmɛ''' [ɔ̀.mə] ''adj.'' same.
| |
| *'''hɔŋtivɛ''' [ɔ́ŋ.tə.vɛ] ''v.'' send. (''aor:'' '''hɛrʃva''') '''hɔŋtire''' ''n.'' mission. '''hɔŋʃte''' ''n.'' mail, post.
| |
| *'''hɔɔlɛ''' [ɔ̌ːl] ''n.'' seat, chair.
| |
| *'''hurləgɛɛ''' [úɾ.lə.gɛː] ''n.'' clock. —Greek ὡρολόγιον.
| |
|
| |
| ====X====
| |
| *'''xɔle''' [xɔ̀.lə] ''n.'' school. —Greek σχολή.
| |
|
| |
| ====I====
| |
| idʒuvɛ [íd.ʒə.vɛ] v. kythe, communicate telepathically. (aor: vodva)
| |
| ifʃɛ [íf.ʃə] adj. social, friendly.
| |
| ikɛ [ì.kə] n. cure, remedy. ikstre n. healer, doctor.
| |
| igivɛ [í.ɡə.vɛ] v. heal. (aor: ikva)
| |
| imfekʃɔn [ím.fək.ʃɔn] n. infection.
| |
| —Spanish infección.
| |
| imne [ím.nə] n. spirit.
| |
| inɛ [ì.nə] adj. num. one. inɔθ [ì.nəθ] adv. only.
| |
| Iroland [ì.ɾə.lɑ́nd] n. Ireland.
| |
| irvɛ [íɾ.və] v. revere. (aor: is, part: irʃe)
| |
| isvɛ [ís.və] v. bring. (aor: -va)
| |
| Italia [ì.tə.lí.ə] n. Italy. —Spanish Italia.
| |
|
| |
| ====K====
| |
| kaʃɛs [kɑ̀.ʃəs] pron. interrog. how much?
| |
| katlɛmte [kɑ́t.ləmp.te] n. hotel, inn.
| |
| —Greek κατάλυμα.
| |
| kɛ [kɛ] conj. and (between nouns).
| |
| kɛdə [kɛ́.də] pron. interrog. what?
| |
| kɛg [kɛ́ɡ] pron. interrog. why?
| |
| kɛrʒɛ [kɛ́ɾ.ʒə] n. mister, sir. kr. abbrev. —Greek κύριος.
| |
| kɛs [kɛ́s] pron. interrog. who?
| |
| kəg [kəɡ] postp. among, with, between.
| |
| kəglɛ [kə̀ɡ.lə] n. wheel.
| |
| kəmmɛ [kə̀m.mə] n. cat.
| |
| kəmpɛ [kə̀m.pə] n. corner.
| |
| kəŋkɛg [kə̀ŋ.kəɡ] pron. whyever.
| |
| kəŋkɔg [kə̀ŋ.kəɡ] pron. when, whenever.
| |
| kəskɛs [kə̀s.kəs] pron. who, whoever.
| |
| kətxɛdə [kə̀t.xə.də́] pron. what, whatever.
| |
| kəʒʒɛ [kə̀ʒ.ʒə] pron. interrog. where?
| |
| kəʒʒɛʒkɛ [kə̀ʒ.ʒəʒ.kɛ́] v. total, put together.
| |
| kikɛ [kì.kə] pron. where, wherever.
| |
| kilɛ [kì.lə] adj. far, distant.
| |
| kiyɔθ [kì.jɔθ] pron. interrog. how?
| |
| koonʒe [kôːnd.ʒə] n. hill.
| |
| kɔg [kɔ́ɡ] pron. interrog. when?
| |
| kɔgmɛr [kɔ́ŋ.məɾ] n. gathering, convention.
| |
| kɔle [kɔ̀.lə] n. the distance; the dreamtime.
| |
| kɔnʃertɔ [kɔ̀nt.ʃəɾ.tɔ́], [kən.ʃéɾ.tə] n. concert. —Spanish concierto.
| |
| kɔŋidʒuvɛ [kɔ̀.ŋəd.ʒú.və] v. commune. (aor: kɔvodva) kɔŋidore n. communion.
| |
| kɔŋŋɔdne [kɔ̀ŋ.ŋəd.né] n. organization, company.
| |
| kɔɔnɛ [kɔ̂ːn] n. artist, artisan, maker.
| |
| kɔtsye [kɔ́t.çə] n. car. —Spanish coche.
| |
| kr. abbrev. for kɛrʒɛ.
| |
| kθɛmtɛ [kθɛ́mp.tə] n. creature. —Greek κτίσμα.
| |
| kufre [kú.fəɾ] n. kitchen.
| |
|
| |
| ====L====
| |
| laxɛ [lɑ̀.xə] n. lake.
| |
| latɛn [lɑ̀.tən] adj. Hispanic.
| |
| ləknɛ [lə̀k.nə] n. lamp. —Greek λύχνος.
| |
| ləmde [lə̀m.də] n. light, torch. —Greek λαμπάς.
| |
| ləŋkʃe [lə́ŋk.ʃə] n. doorbell.
| |
| lihne [lîːn] n. moss, lichen. —Greek λειχήν.
| |
| livɛ [lí.və] v. get, acquire. (aor: lɛk, li-)
| |
| liʒɔnt [lì.ʒənt] n. lion —Greek λέων.
| |
| lunn [lún] n. lantern.
| |
|
| |
| ====M====
| |
| martruvɛ [mɑ́ɾ.tɾə.vɛ] v. testify. (aor: marts-) —Greek μαρτυρέω.
| |
| meevɛ [mêːv] v. can, know how (aor: mass)
| |
| mɛltɛ [mɛ́l.tə] n. honey.
| |
| mɛŋʒvɛ [mɛ́ŋɡ.ʒvə] v. pay attention, mind. (aor: mɛst, mist-) məŋʒre n. attention.
| |
| mɛʃɛ [mɛ̀.ʃə] adj. large.
| |
| mɛθa [mɛ̀.θə] postp. with.
| |
| məŋtɛ [mə̀ŋk.tə] adj. certain, particular, individual.
| |
| məʃrɛ [mə́ʃ.əɾ] adj. main, principal.
| |
| məʃve [mə́ʃ.və] adj. short.
| |
| miyoŋt [mì.jəŋt] n. cat, kitty.
| |
| morɛ [mò.ɾə] adj. proper.
| |
| mɔre [mɔ̀.ɾə] n. moss.
| |
| mɔrʒe [mɔ́ɾ.ʒə] n. sea.
| |
| mɔst [mɔ́st] adv. soon, quickly.
| |
|
| |
| ====N====
| |
| nadur [nɑ̀.dəɾ] n. nature. —Latin natura.
| |
| nənne [nə̀n.nə] n. language.
| |
| ne [ne] adv. not.
| |
| nɛ [nɛ] postp. in, within.
| |
| nɛbre [nɛ́.vəɾ] n. heaven.
| |
| nɛktxɛdə [nɛ́k.txə.də] adj. none whatever.
| |
| nɛgməvɛ [nɛ́ŋ.mə.vɛ] v. enter. nɛgmɛr n. entry, admission.
| |
| nɛmvɛ [nɛ́m.və] v. distribute, give out. (aor: nis) nɛmʃe n. part, portion.
| |
| nɛvɛ [nɛ̀.və] conj. nor.
| |
| nəlle [nə̀l.lə] n. claw.
| |
| nəs [nəs] pron. 1pl.; adj. our.
| |
| nəʃʃe [nə̀ʃ.ʃə] n. night.
| |
| ninsvɛ [níns.və] v. approach. (aor: ninst)
| |
| niŋʃe [níŋk.ʃə] adv. none.
| |
| nortɛ [nóɾ.tə] n. smell, scent.
| |
| noʃvɛ [nóʃ.və] v. smell, sniff. (aor: norva)
| |
| nurivɛ [nú.ɾə.vɛ] v. scent. (aor: nɛndrəva)
| |
|
| |
| ====Ŋ====
| |
| ŋɛʒʒɛsvɛ [ŋɛ́ʒ.ʒəs.vɛ] v. fit. (aor: -va)
| |
|
| |
| ====O====
| |
| oge [ò.ɡə] n. prayer. ogive v. pray. (aor: ogs)
| |
| ogre [óg.ɾə] n. praise.
| |
| ole [ò.lə] n. hall. —Greek αὐλή.
| |
| omər [ó.mər] n. day.
| |
| ont [ònt] n. eye. ontʃo du.
| |
| ookoo [ôː.ko] n. alcohol. —Arabic الكحل.
| |
| ooʒəbər [ǒː.ʒə.vəɾ] n. algebra. —Arabic الجبر.
| |
|
| |
| ====Ɔ====
| |
| ɔfrɔt [ɔ́f.ɾət] adj. elegant, choice, select.
| |
| ɔkʃɛr [ɔ́k.ʃəɾ] n. wisdom.
| |
| ɔpera [ɔ́.pə.ɾɑ] n. opera. —Spanish ópera.
| |
| ɔrbɛ [ɔ̀ɾ.və] n. ceiling.
| |
| ɔrivɛ [ɔ́.ɾə.vɛ] v. buy. (aor: vorva)
| |
| ɔsɛ [ɔ̀.sə] n. hook.
| |
| ɔsiʃʃe [ɔ̀.səʃ.ʃé] n. death.
| |
| ɔʃivɛ [ɔ́.ʃə.vɛ] v. revive, refresh, enliven. (aor: voʃva)
| |
| ɔʃlɛ [ɔ́ʃ.lə] n. alley.
| |
|
| |
| ====P====
| |
| pədre [pə̀d.ɾə] n. rock. —Greek πέτρη.
| |
| pərgɛ [pə̀ɾ.ɡə] n. castle. —Greek πύργος.
| |
| plantʃoo [plɑ́nt.ʃo] v. wander. (aor: plantos) —Greek πλάνης.
| |
| pləmme [plə̀m.mə] n. down, feathers.
| |
| pləmmɛ [plə̀m.mə] n. pen.
| |
| prəʃʃɛ [pɾə̀ʃ.ʃə] postp. around, about.
| |
| primabera [prí.mə.vɛ.ɾə] n. spring.
| |
| —Spanish primavera.
| |
| prisvɛ [pɾís.və] v. ask. (aor: prɛsva)
| |
| prɔ [pɾɔ] postp. through.
| |
| prɔsɛ [pɾɔ̀.sə] n. petition, request.
| |
| pθənne [pθə̀n.nə] n. trail, footstep. —Greek πτέρνη.
| |
|
| |
| ====R====
| |
| ree [ɾêː] n. matter, affair. reɔs pl.
| |
| reeʒ [ɾêːʒ] n. source, fount.
| |
| restaurante [ɾés.təu̯.ɾɑn.tə] n. restaurant. —Spanish restaurante.
| |
| rɛʃe [ɾɛ̀.ʃə] n. king.
| |
| rore [ɾó.ɾə] n. space, room.
| |
| rɔgat [ɾɔ̀.ɡət] n. welcome.
| |
| rɔmɔm [ɾɔ̀.məm] n. good favor, good will.
| |
| rɔte [ɾɔ̀.tə] n. ball. rɔtaʃʃ n. balloon.
| |
| rumkɛ [ɾúm.kə] adj. roomy, spacious.
| |
|
| |
| ====S====
| |
| sɛlfivɛ [sɛ́l.fə.vɛ] v. help. (aor: sɛlfva)
| |
| sɛŋɔ [sɛ̀.ŋə] adv. now.
| |
| səŋtɛ [sə̀ŋk.tə] adj. holy.
| |
| sərʒe [sə̀ɾ.ʒə] n. heart.
| |
| səʒʒe [sə̀ʒ.ʒə] n. rank.
| |
| sikvɛ [sík.və] v. rain. (aor: sis) sikre n. rain.
| |
| sire [sí.rə] adj. blue-green.
| |
| sivɛ [sí.və] v. control. (aor: ʃɛss)
| |
| skɔtɛ [skɔ̀.tə] n. darkness, shade.
| |
| slore [sló.ɾə] n. report, fame, news.
| |
| sneevɛ [snêːv] v. know, be acquainted with. (aor: snɔs, snus-)
| |
| sɔfre [sɔ́f.əɾ] n. bedroom.
| |
| sɔme [sɔ̀.mə] n. land, earth, ground.
| |
| sɔne [sɔ̀.nə] n. dog.
| |
| sɔɔmɛ [sɔ̂ːm] n. psalm. —Greek ψαλμός.
| |
| sɔrrɛ [sɔ́ɾ.ɾə] n. curse.
| |
| sɔrt [sɔ́ɾt] n. loaf; dough.
| |
| stəʃʃe [stə̀ʃ.ʃə] n. status, standing.
| |
| stɔle [stɔ̀.lə] n. shirt. —Greek στολή.
| |
| strɛfʒe [stɾɛ́f.ʒə] n. table.
| |
| strɛŋgvɛ [stɾɛ́ŋɡ.və] v. stop motion, arrest. (aor: stregva)
| |
| strɔbɛ [stɾɔ̀.və] n. building.
| |
| syel [çèl] n. creature.
| |
|
| |
| ====Ʃ====
| |
| ʃe [ʃe] pron. pers. 2sg. ʃəs gen.
| |
| ʃɛlle [ʃɛ́l.lə] n. smile.
| |
| ʃɛmbivɛ [ʃɛ́m.və.vɛ] v. bite. (aor: -va)
| |
| ʃend [ʃénd] n. winter.
| |
| ʃɛŋkɛ [ʃɛ́ŋ.kə] v. happen; become. (aor: ka) ʃɛnkɛr n. birth. ʃɛnkre n. event.
| |
| ʃɛrivɛ [ʃɛ́.ɾə.vɛ] v. rot. (aor: ʃɛrsva) ʃɛre n. rot, decay.
| |
| ʃɛstvɛ [ʃɛ́st.və] v. stand. (aor: stok)
| |
| ʃəmbɛ [ʃə̀m.və] n. tooth.
| |
| ʃəŋtɛ [ʃə̀ŋk.tə] adj. stressed, strained.
| |
| ʃəŋgʒɛ [ʃə́ŋɡ.ʒə] n. ensign.
| |
| ʃərtɛ [ʃə̀ɾ.tə] n. yard, garden.
| |
| ʃire [ʃì.ɾə] n. hunger.
| |
| ʃivɛ [ʃí.və] v. speak. (aor: gest)
| |
| ʃkreevɛ [ʃkɾêːv] v. do, perform. (aor: ʃkro) dɔrt ppl. done, performed.
| |
| ʃonɛ [ʃò.nə] n. song. music.
| |
| ʃɔgɛ [ʃɔ̀.ɡə] n. soldier.
| |
| ʃɔlive [ʃɔ́.lə.vɛ] v. gladden, make happy. (aor: ʃɛlva)
| |
|
| |
| ====T====
| |
| taksi [tɑ́k.sə] n. taxi. —Spanish taxi.
| |
| telefɔnɔ [tè.lə.fɔ́.nə], [tə.lé.fə.nɔ] n. telephone. —Spanish teléfono.
| |
| tɛg [tɛɡ] pron. dem. therefore
| |
| təmme [tə̀m.mə] pro. dem. this, that. (pl: toos, gen: tɔs, gen. pl. tirog)
| |
| tərfʒe [tə̀ɾf.ʒə] n. animal.
| |
| təstɛs [tə̀s.təs] pron. dem. anyone.
| |
| tren [tɾén] n. train, locomotive.
| |
| —Spanish tren.
| |
|
| |
| ====U====
| |
| une [ù.nə] n. hnau, person, sapient creature
| |
| unɛ [ù.nə] adj. empty.
| |
| urive [ú.ɾə.vɛ] v. preach, lecture. ureere n. lecture, sermon.
| |
|
| |
|
| ====V==== | | ==Vocabulary== |
| vee [vêː] n. hand. veeo du. veeos pl.
| | *''Main article: [[Atlantic Lexicon]]'' |
| veevɛ [vêːv] v. lack. (aor: ɔɔs) veeʃʃe n. lack, need.
| | *[http://frath.net/pdf/atl-lex5.pdf The lexicon as a PDF file, 176K], dated 2 May 2004 |
| veivɛ [vêjv] v. hunt. (aor: voisa) veivor n. the hunt.
| |
| vɛ [vɛ] conj. or.
| |
| vɛlrɔθ [vɛ́ld.ɾəθ] adv. rather.
| |
| vɛntɛ [vɛ́n.tə] n. friend.
| |
| vɛrve [vɛ́ɾ.və] adj. good. (comp: vəʒrɛ, sup: vəʒmɛ) vɛrʒiʃʃe n. benefit. vɛrvomər interj. hello, good day. vɛrveene interj. hello, good morning.
| |
| vɛʃrɛ [vɛ́ʃ.ɾə] adj. strong, intense.
| |
| vɛʒʒivɛ [vɛ́ʒ.ʒə.vɛ] v. look at. (aor: voʒis)
| |
| vərdɛ [və̀ɾ.də] n. word.
| |
| viknɛ [vík.nə] adj. hunting.
| |
| vinɛ [vì.nə] n. wine.
| |
| viŋe [vì.ŋə] n. love.
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Y==== | | ==Writing system== |
| yagvɛ [jɑ́ɡ.və] v. worship. (aor: yast, part: yagʃe) yakθɛ ppl. worshipped. yagre n. worship.
| | The Atlantic alphabet is descended from a variety of the [http://www.frath.net/pdf/krmb-alphabet.pdf Kirumb alphabet] (PDF, 117K). As this is not convenient for computer entry, various transliterations exist, the most common being the IPA-influenced one used on this page, and a Windows-character-set-friendly one that is used over email. |
| yeevɛ [jêːv] v. live. (aor: gɛgsva, part: yeeʃʃe)
| |
| yəmmuθ [jə̀m.məθ] conj. so as to, in order to, because
| |
| yəʃʃo [jə̀ʃ.ʃə] conj. like. yəʃʃeenɛ adv. alike.
| |
| yəʒʒɛ [jə̀ʒ.ʒə] pro. dem. here.
| |
| Yoonɛ [jôːn] pr. n. John. —Greek Ιωαννης.
| |
| yoosɛ [jôːs] n. child, youth, young person.
| |
| yɔbivɛ [jɔ́.və.vɛ] v. fuck. yɔbe interj. fuck!
| |
| yɔθɛ [jɔ̀.θə] n. life.
| |
| yɔʒrə [jɔ́ʒ.ɾə] adj. free, public.
| |
| yure [ʒù.ɾə] n. time, hour; season. yuros [ʒù.ɾəs] conj. until.
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Z==== | | ==Examples== |
| zvodve [zvód.və] n. sweet.
| | *[http://www.quandary.org/~langs/relays/relay9/ring3/atlantic/ Atlantic leg of CONLANG relay 9] |
| zvoftɛ [zvóf.tə] n. pastry.
| | **[http://frath.net/pdf/atl-relay9.pdf Relay 9 with Atlantic alphabet] (PDF, 97K) |
| zvosɔlle [zvò.səl.lé] n. cookie.
| |
| zvosɔrt [zvò.səɾt] n. cake.
| |
|
| |
|
| ====Ʒ====
| | [[Category:Atlantic]] |
| ʒeʃɛ [ʒè.ʃə] n. wall. ʒeʃʃɛ adj. walled. ʒeʃivɛ v. to wall. ʒeʃrɛ adj. walled, enclosed.
| | [[Category:Nother]] |
| ʒevɛ [ʒé.və] n. God.
| | [[Category:Indo-European conlangs]] |
| ʒɛdkɛ [ʒɛ́d.kə] v. give. (aor: dɔk, du-)
| |
| ʒɛstivɛ [ʒɛ́s.tə.vɛ] v. greet. (aor: ʒɛstsa)
| |
| ʒɛʒkɛ [ʒɛ́ʒ.kə] v. put. (aor: jɛk, ji-)
| |
| ʒifʃe [ʒíf.ʃə] n master, sir, Mr. ʒfʃ. abbrev.
| |
| ʒike [ʒì.kə] n. place, location.
| |
| ʒinte [ʒín.tə] n. miss, lady, Mrs. ʒnt. abbrev.
| |
| ʒomb [ʒómb] adj. deep.
| |
Atlantic is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the demihumans of Atlanteia (Ədləntɛ), a Mediterranean island in the Nother happentrack.
Name
The most general term is "Atlantic", atlante in Spanish, both translations of the native term Ədlantkɛ, after the island where it is spoken, which was in turn named after the legendary Atlantis.
When contrasted to the other minor Atlanteian languages it is called "Kirumb" or "Atlantic Kirumb", referring to the tribe (Kirumbi; Atlantic: Kɛrbɔs) of demihumans whose language Kirumb was parent to it; the name comes from a word meaning 'gryphon'. The people are still sometimes referred to as Kirumbi or Κɛrbɔs.
History
Atlantic is the name given to the Âdlantki language after about the late 1500s. The division is largely arbitrary, as the difference between the two stages of the language is not substantial. The largest difference is in the smoothing of original diphthongs; the most noticeable difference is the lowering of final vowels.
Classification and influences
Atlantic is a Hadwan language in the Indo-European family. Besides its inherited lexicon, Atlantic derives borrowed vocabulary for acrolectal terms from Ancient Greek, modern terms from Spanish, and newer technical terms from Modern English.
Geographic distribution
The original homeland of the Atlantic-speakers is Atlanteia, though in later years overpopulation of the island led to the formation of substantial communities in nearby countries (Spain, Morocco, and Algeria), and later in the United States and Canada.
Sounds
The Atlantic language has twelve vowels: eight short and four long.
|
front |
central |
back
|
| high
|
i |
|
u
|
| close-mid
|
e ee |
|
o oo
|
| open-mid
|
ɛ ɛɛ |
ə |
ɔ ɔɔ
|
| low
|
|
a /ɑ/
|
Consonants are as follows:
| nasal
|
m
|
n
|
ŋ
|
| vl stop
|
p
|
t
|
k
|
| vd stop
|
|
d
|
g
|
| vl fric
|
f |
θ |
s |
ʃ |
sy /ç/ |
x
|
| vd fric
|
v b /v/ |
|
z |
ʒ y /ʒ/
|
| sonorant
|
|
l |
r /ɾ/ |
y /j/
|
H is silent. Y is pronounced as /ʒ/ after a consonant or before /i/ and /u/.
Accentuation consists of a high or low pitch accent on the first mora of a word.
- ont /ònt/ "eye"
- sɔrrɛ /sɔ́ɾɾə/ "curse"
For historical reasons, most verbs have high pitch.
Grammar
Typology
Atlantic is somewhat isolating and somewhat fusional.
In nouns, the case system held by its ancestor Kirumb has been replaced by the use of postpositions. The language prefers borrowing words to producing compounds, so the number of morphemes per word is low: in most cases there is only the root morpheme and perhaps the plural marker or the occasional clitic.
- rore
- room
- mɛʃɛ
- large
- kɛdə
- what
- nɛ,
- in
- təmmɛ
- that
- nɛ
- in
- gəft-ɛt
- host-PTCP
- ɛrtɛ
- be.3PL
- ʃɛnkr-ɔs
- event-PL
- hɛθ
- such
the large room in which such events are held
Verbs, however, still retain some inflection, and often have separate stems in the progressive and in the aorist.
- Noʃ-vɛ
- smell.PROG-1SG.PROG
- ookoo
- alcohol
- adə.
- ACC
I smell alcohol.
- Nor-tɔ
- smell.AOR-3SG.AOR
- ookoo
- alcohol
- adə.
- ACC
He smelled alcohol.
Nouns
Atlantic nouns inflect only for number.
The singular is the unmarked form.
For words ending in -ɛ, the plural is formed by adding -s, thus -ɛs. For words ending in -e, the plural is formed by removing the -e and adding -ɔs. The plural of all other words is formed by appending -ɔs to the singular.
Exceptions exist, such as words in original long -ee: vee "hand", whose plural is veeos. Words whose -ee is secondary, such as ree "matter, affair", (earlier roye) have a regular plural such as reɔs.
A few words, mainly body parts, have a special dual in -o.
Verbs
Conjugating Atlantic verbs isn't too difficult: the endings are added regularly, with little change. The hard part is in remembering what conjugation a form takes, as well as the different stems each verb has.
The finite forms of the verb belong to one of three different stems: the progressive, the aorist, and the durative.
The progressive refers to an action in progress, and usually translates English plain or progressive verbs, such as enter or are eating. Aorist forms refer to an event as a whole, usually a completed one, and generally translates English past forms, like walked, or forms used in series of verbs: for example, in wants to go, "go" would be translated by the aorist. The durative is mostly falling out of use, except in verbs concerning thoughts and opinions: think, believe, know, want, like are usually represented by duratives in Atlantic.
The conjugations are labelled by characteristic consonants in the first person singular: votic have v, and kappatic have k.
Progressive endings
| v / k |
sg |
du |
pl
|
| 1st
|
-vɛ
-kɛ |
-bdə |
-(ə)ndə
|
| 2nd
|
-rɛ |
|
-bɛ
|
| 3rd
|
-tɛ |
|
-(ə)ŋtɛ
|
| simple |
sg |
du |
pl
|
| 1st
|
0 |
-bdə |
-ndə
|
| 2nd
|
-r |
|
-b
|
| 3rd
|
-t |
|
-ŋt
|
Aorist endings
| v / k |
sg |
du |
pl
|
| 1st
|
-va
-k |
-bdə |
-(ə)ndə
|
| 2nd
|
-rɔ |
|
-dɔ
|
| 3rd
|
-tɔ |
|
-(ə)ŋtɔ
|
| simple |
sg |
du |
pl
|
| 1st
|
0 |
-bdə |
-ndə
|
| 2nd
|
-r |
|
-d
|
| 3rd
|
-t |
|
-ŋt
|
An example
“fisvɛ” — to write.
| Progressive stem fis-
|
|
|
|
sg. |
du. |
pl.
|
| I.
|
fisvɛ
|
fisbdə
|
fisəndə
|
| II.
|
fisrɛ
|
—
|
fisbe
|
| III.
|
fistɛ
|
—
|
fisəŋtɛ
|
| Aorist stem fes-
|
|
sg. |
du. |
pl.
|
| I.
|
fesva
|
fesbdə
|
fesəndə
|
| II.
|
fesrɔ
|
—
|
fesdɔ
|
| III.
|
festɔ
|
—
|
fesəŋtɔ
|
Vocabulary
Writing system
The Atlantic alphabet is descended from a variety of the Kirumb alphabet (PDF, 117K). As this is not convenient for computer entry, various transliterations exist, the most common being the IPA-influenced one used on this page, and a Windows-character-set-friendly one that is used over email.
Examples
