Kala Verbs: Difference between revisions
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====modal particles==== | ====modal particles==== | ||
The conditional mood is formed with the particle '''iya'''. | |||
* '''iya na ina''' | * '''iya na ina''' | ||
:<tt>COND 1.S eat</tt> | |||
:I might be eating. | |||
The imperative mood is formed with the particle '''kya'''. | |||
* '''kya ina''' | * '''kya ina''' | ||
:<tt>IMP eat</tt> | |||
:Eat! | |||
====modal affixes==== | ====modal affixes==== | ||
The negative mood is formed with the suffix '''-k'''. | |||
* '''na inak''' | * '''na inak''' | ||
:<tt>1.S eat.NEG</tt> | |||
:I do not eat / I am not eating. | |||
The volitive mood is formed with the suffix '''-ue''' (from '''ueha''' - to want, desire). | |||
* '''na inaue''' | * '''na inaue''' | ||
:<tt>1.S eat.VOL</tt> | |||
:I want to eat. | |||
The necessitative mood is formed with the suffix '''-he''' (from '''heya''' - to need, require). | |||
* '''na inahe''' | * '''na inahe''' | ||
:<tt>1.S eat.NEC</tt> | |||
:I need to eat. | |||
The abilitative mood is formed with the suffix '''-pa''' (from '''pala''' - to be able). | |||
* '''na inapa''' | * '''na inapa''' | ||
:<tt>1.S eat.ABIL</tt> | |||
:I am able to eat./ I can eat. | |||
The permissive mood is formed with the suffix '''-myo''' (from '''myonta''' - to allow, permit). | |||
* '''ha inamyo''' | * '''ha inamyo''' | ||
:<tt>3.S eat.PERM</tt> | |||
:She is allowed to eat. / She may eat. | |||
===voice=== | ===voice=== | ||
Revision as of 10:21, 10 February 2011
Verbs
tense / aspect
The present tense is unmarked:
- na ina
- 1.S eat
- I eat / I am eating.
The future tense is marked with the suffix -tli.
- na inatli
- 1.S eat.FUT
- I will eat / I am about to eat.
Past tenses, including perfect and pluperfect, are marked with the suffix -ye.
- na inaye
- 1.S eat.PAST
- I eat / I was eating / I have eaten / I had eaten.
Kala does not distinguish perfect and imperfect aspects of the verb (e.g. ‘I ate’, ‘I used to eat’, ‘I have eaten’, ‘I had eaten’). However, one can easily clarify the temporal sequence of two actions by marking the earlier one with the adverbial tsa (‘already’).
mood
modal particles
The conditional mood is formed with the particle iya.
- iya na ina
- COND 1.S eat
- I might be eating.
The imperative mood is formed with the particle kya.
- kya ina
- IMP eat
- Eat!
modal affixes
The negative mood is formed with the suffix -k.
- na inak
- 1.S eat.NEG
- I do not eat / I am not eating.
The volitive mood is formed with the suffix -ue (from ueha - to want, desire).
- na inaue
- 1.S eat.VOL
- I want to eat.
The necessitative mood is formed with the suffix -he (from heya - to need, require).
- na inahe
- 1.S eat.NEC
- I need to eat.
The abilitative mood is formed with the suffix -pa (from pala - to be able).
- na inapa
- 1.S eat.ABIL
- I am able to eat./ I can eat.
The permissive mood is formed with the suffix -myo (from myonta - to allow, permit).
- ha inamyo
- 3.S eat.PERM
- She is allowed to eat. / She may eat.
voice
- The passive voice is formed by attaching the accusative prefix e- to the pronoun.
- ena ina - ACC.1.S eat - I am eaten. / I am being eaten.
