Eskimo-Aleut languages/vocab: Difference between revisions
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(assims.) |
(more clust.) |
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| Line 383: | Line 383: | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|nukeɫpegaẋ | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|nukeɫpegaẋ | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|nukaɫpegaq | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|nukaɫpegaq | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|nukaɫpiaq | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|nukaɫpiaq → | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|nugatpiaq | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|nugatpiaq | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|nugatpiaq | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|nugatpiaq | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
| Line 596: | Line 596: | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|- | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|- | ||
| Line 611: | Line 611: | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|eɫpici | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|eɫpici | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|eɫpeci | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|eɫpeci | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|ilipsi | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|ilipsi → | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"|ilivsi | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|ilivsi | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"|ilivsi | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|ilivsi | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | !style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | ||
|- | |- | ||
|he/she/it | |he/she/it | ||
| Line 680: | Line 680: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|thyself/themselves/itself | |thyself/themselves/itself | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ilaan | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ilaan(s) | ||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*ǝɫ-ŋat | !style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*ǝɫ-ŋat | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|langwi | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|langwi | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|lngit | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|lngit | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|elita | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|elita | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|eliita | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|eliita | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|ilaat | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|ilaat | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ilaat | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ilaat | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"|ilaat | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|ilaat | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"|ilaat | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|ilaat | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"|ilaat | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|ilaat | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"|ilaat | !style="background-color: #dff1ed"|ilaat | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|ukkua | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ukkua | ||
|- | |- | ||
|I, me (affixes) | |thyself/themselves/itself | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|-kuq | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|udan(s) | ||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*tua *kuq | !style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*ukuat | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|-jua | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|uket | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|-tua | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|ukut | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|-tua | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|ukut | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|-tua, -runga | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|ukut | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|ugua | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|ugua | |||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"|ukua → | |||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | |||
|- | |||
|I, me (affixes) | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|-kuq | |||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*tua *kuq | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|-jua | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|-tua | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|-tua | |||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|-tua, -runga | |||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|-runga | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|-runga | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|-runga | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|-runga | ||
| Line 956: | Line 981: | ||
|Where | |Where | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|qaataa | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|qaataa | ||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|# | !style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|#naung | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|naa | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|naa | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|nama | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|nama | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|- | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|naung | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|naung → | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|naunga | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|naunga | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|nau | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | !style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|- | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|- | |||
|- | |||
|Where | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|qaataa | |||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|#SVmi | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|sami | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|cami | |||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"|sumi → | |||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | |||
|- | |||
|Where | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*nani → | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | |||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|- | |||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | |||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | |||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
| Line 1,386: | Line 1,436: | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|kiikiak | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|kiikiak | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|- | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|- | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|- | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|kigiak | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|kigiak | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|kikiak → | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|kikiak → | ||
| Line 1,438: | Line 1,488: | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|qaɫaciq | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|qaɫaciq | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|qalaiq | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|qalaiq | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|*qalaciq → | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | !style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | ||
| Line 1,599: | Line 1,649: | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|quyyuk | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|quyyuk | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|kutyuk | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|qughuk | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|qughuk | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|qussuk | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|qussuk | ||
| Line 1,663: | Line 1,713: | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|cikik | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|cikik | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|cikik | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|cikik | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|*siksik → | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|chiksrik | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|chiksrik | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | !style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|siksi | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|siksi | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|sissi | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|sissi | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|sitsiq | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|sitsiq | ||
| Line 2,686: | Line 2,736: | ||
!style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*aŋalku- | !style="background-color: #d1ebeb"|*aŋalku- | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|angekex | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|angekex | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|angaɫkuq | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|angaɫkuq → | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"|angaɫquq | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"|angaɫquq | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"| | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | ||
| Line 3,117: | Line 3,167: | ||
!style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|pingayun | !style="background-color: #f1dfe5"|pingayun | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|pingasut | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|pingasut | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"| | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|*pingacut → | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"|piñgasrut | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|piñgasrut | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"|piñgasut | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|piñgasut | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"|piñgahut | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|piñgahut | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | !style="background-color: #dff1ed"| | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"| | ||
!style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | !style="background-color: #ece0f0"| | ||
| Line 3,202: | Line 3,252: | ||
!style="background-color: #f1e9df"|arviniqtut | !style="background-color: #f1e9df"|arviniqtut | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|arviniliit | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|arviniliit | ||
!style="background-color: #f0f1df"| | !style="background-color: #f0f1df"|pingasuuyuqtut | ||
!style="background-color: #e8f1df"| | !style="background-color: #e8f1df"|pingasuuyurtut | ||
!style="background-color: #dff1e0"| | !style="background-color: #dff1e0"|pingasuuyuttut | ||
!style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|arhiniddit | !style="background-color: #d6e1ec"|arhiniddit | ||
!style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|arfinillit | !style="background-color: #e4e0f0"|arfinillit | ||
Revision as of 16:12, 27 January 2011
| common meaning | Aleut | Proto-Eskimo | Sirenik | Siberian Yupik | Alutiiq | Yup'ik | Seward Inupiaq | Qawiaraq | Malimiutun | North Slope | Uummarmiutun | Siglitun | Inuinnaqtun | Natsilik | Kivalliq | Aivilik | North Baffin | South Baffin | Nunavik | Labrador Inuttut | North Greenlandic | West Greenlandic | East Greenlandic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Persons | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Human being (Shaman word's) | taĝu | taʁu | tarex | taghu | taru | taru | tau → | |||||||||||||||||
| (Grand)father | adax̂/taatax̂ | *ata *ata-ata | ata | ata | ata | aata | ata/ava | ata/ava | aapa/taata | aapa | aapa/ata | aappak/ataatak | aappak | ataata → | ataataq | |||||||||
| Mother | anax̂ | *ana *ana-ana | nana | naa/ana | aana | aana | aaga | aaga | aaka | aaka | aaka | amaamak/aana | amaamak/anaana | anaana → | anaanaq | annivik | ||||||||
| Son | - | *iʁni-ʁ | irnex | ighneq | irneq | irneq | irniq → | irñiq | irñiq | irñiq | ||||||||||||||
| Daughter | - | *paniɣ | panex | panik → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Older brother (of female) | huyux̂ | *aNǝ-LГun | anta | aningak | anngaq | anngaq | ani → | aniraaluk | anik | |||||||||||||||
| Older sister (of male) | uhngix | *aleqa | nuskit | alqaq | aɫqaq | aliraq | aliqaq→ | aliqannaq | angajuk | angajuk | angajuk | aliqa | alara | |||||||||||
| Young brother (of female) | kingii | *nukaq | ungjex | uyughaq | uyuwaq | uyuraq | nukaq → | nukaaluk | nukaaluk | mukaq | ||||||||||||||
| Young sister (of male) | uhngix | *nayak | najex | nayak → | nayaatsuk | |||||||||||||||||||
| Husband | ugi | *uɣi | uga | ugwik | wik | wii | ui → | uviq | ||||||||||||||||
| Wife | ayagax̂ | *nuLiaq | nucix | nuliiq | nuliq | nuliaq → | ||||||||||||||||||
| Family/Relative | ilaanux̂ | *ila | ila → | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Man | tayaĝux̂ | *aŋu-nt | angeta | angun → | anguti | anguti | anguti | angutik | tikkaq | |||||||||||||||
| Woman | ayaĝax̂ | *aʁnaq | arnax | arnaq → | nuliakkaaq | |||||||||||||||||||
| Boy | hlax | *aleqa | nukeɫpegaẋ | nukaɫpegaq | nukaɫpiaq → | nugatpiaq | nugatpiaq | nukatpiraq | nukappiraq | |||||||||||||||
| Girl | ayaĝaadax̂ | *nǝvi(a)ʁc(ǝɣ)a- | náẋserráẋ | neveghsaq | - | neviarcaq | niaqsaaʁruk | niaqsiaʁruk | niviaqsiaʁruk | niviaqsiaʁruk | niviakkaq | niviaqsiraq | niviaqhiaq | niviaqhiaq | niviakkiaq | niviaqsiaq | niviaqsaaq | niviaqsiaq | niviatsiaq | niviatsiak | niviarhiaq | niviarsiaraq | niiarsiaq | |
| Person | anĝaĝinax̂ | *inguɣ | jux | yuk | suk | yuk/cuk | inuk → | iñuk | iñuk | iñuk | iik | |||||||||||||
| Mother-in-law | - | *caki | saka | saki → | caki | cakiq | sagi | chagi | hakigaq | hakigaq | sakik | saqiq/sagiq | ||||||||||||
| Personal pronouns | I or me (singular) | ting | *vi | menga | hwanga | w'iinga | w'iinga | wanga | uanga | uvanga → | uvaqa | uvak | uanga | uanga | uara | |||||||||
| all of two us (two) (dual) | tingix | *vik | - | hwagakuk | w'iingakuk | w'iingakuk | waguk | uaguk | uvaguk → | - | - | - | ||||||||||||
| we or us/all of us (plural) | tingin(s) | *vit | mengaketa | hwagakuta | w'iingakuta | w'iingakuta | wagut | uagut | uvagut → | uagut | uagut | uangit | ||||||||||||
| you (singular) | txin | *ǝɫ-vǝn-t | ɫpi | ɫpet | eɫpet | eɫpet | ivlin | ilvin | ilvich | ilvich | ilvik | ilvit | ilvit | ivrit/itvin | igvin/idvin | igvit | ivvit | ivvit | ivvit | iffit | ihhit/i'lit | iɫɫit | ittit | |
| you two (dual) | txidix | *ǝɫ-ptek | - | ɫpetek | eɫpetek | eɫpetek | iliptik → | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||
| yourselves/all of you (plural) | txichix | *ǝɫ-vcet | ɫpisi | ɫpesi | eɫpici | eɫpeci | ilipsi → | ilivsi | ilivsi | |||||||||||||||
| he/she/it | uda | *una | una → | |||||||||||||||||||||
| he/she/it | ilaa | *ǝɫ-ŋa | langa | lnga | elen | elii | ilaa → | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||
| thyself/themselves/itself | ilaan(s) | *ǝɫ-ŋat | langwi | lngit | elita | eliita | ilaat | ilaat | ilaat | ilaat | ilaat | ilaat | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | ukkua | |
| thyself/themselves/itself | udan(s) | *ukuat | uket | ukut | ukut | ukut | ugua | ugua | ukua → | |||||||||||||||
| I, me (affixes) | -kuq | *tua *kuq | -jua | -tua | -tua | -tua, -runga | -runga | -runga | -runga | -runga | -yunga, -yuami | -yunga → | -runga | -punga,sunga | -pua, lua | |||||||||
| you (affixes) | -kuxt | *it | -jet | -ten | -ten | -ten | -rutin → | -yutin | -yutin | -yutit | -yutit | -yutit | -yutit | -yutit | -yutit | -hutit | -sutit | -sulit | ||||||
| he/she/it (affixes) | -kux | *tuq | -jix | -tuq | -tuq | -tuq | -ruq | -ruq | -ruq | -ruq | -ruq | -yuaq | -yuq → | -ruq | -huq | -soq, poq | -tuq, puq | |||||||
| my (affixes) | -ng | *nga | -ka/qa | -ka/qa | -ka/qa | -ka/qa | -ga/ra → | -nga/ra | ||||||||||||||||
| your (affixes) | -n | *in | -n → | -t | -it | -it | -it | -it | ||||||||||||||||
| his/her/its (affixes) | -(n)gan | *ngan | -nga/a → | |||||||||||||||||||||
| he/she...her/him/it | -kuu/qaa | *jaa/kaa | -jaa/kaa | -taa/kaa | -taa/kaa | -taa/kaa | -raa/gaa | -raa/gaa | -raa/gaa | -raa/gaa | -yaa/gaa → | -raa/gaa | -saa/gaa | -laa/ngaa | ||||||||||
| Who | kiin | *kina | kiin | kina → | kia | |||||||||||||||||||
| What | alqux | *caŋu | sangǝ̄́ca | sangwa/suna | cacaq | cacaq/tcauna | suna → | sua | sua | suna/suva | kisu | kihu | suna/sua | kisik | ||||||||||
| Why | alqul(-usaal) | *caŋu | sangaami | sangami | cin/caluni | ciin/caluni | suami | suami | summan/suvataa | summan/suvataa | *suuq → | sungmat | sumut | summat | ||||||||||
| Where | qaataa | #naung | - | naa | nama | - | naung → | naunga | nau | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||
| Where | qaataa | #SVmi | - | sami | - | cami | - | - | sumi → | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||
| Where | - | *nani → | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||
| When (Past/future) | qanaayam | *qanga/qaku | qanga/qaku | qavnga/kaku | qangwaq/qaku | qangvaq/qaku | qanga/qagun | qanga/qagu | qaglaan/qaku | qanga/qaku | qanga/qaku | qanga/qakugu → | qanga/qaqugu | qanga/qara | ||||||||||
| How | alqutal | *qanuq | qanex | qayuq | qayuq | qayuq/cangstun | qanuq → | qaniq | ||||||||||||||||
| Body parts | Chin | tsamlu | *tsamlu | tamla | tamlu | tamluq | tamlu | tavlu | tavluq | tavlu | tavlu | tavlu | tablu | tablu | tablu | tablu | tablu | tallu → | talluk | taɫɫu | tattuq | |||
| Heart | kanuux̂ | *uŋ-uma- | ungevata | unguvan | unguwan | unguvan | uumman → | uummati | uummati | uummati | uummatik | iimmat | ||||||||||||
| Blood | aamaaxs | *aruɣ | acex/arux | auk → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Head | kamĝix̂ | *ńarǝ-qu- | iiceqeẋ | naasquq/nayquq | nasquq | nacquq | niaquq → | suuniq | ||||||||||||||||
| Hair | iimlix | *ńujaq | nujǝẋ/jujǝẋ | nuyaq → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Eye | dax̂ | *irǝ | eca | iya | ii/iingaq | ii/iingaq | izi | izi | iri | iri | iyi → | iri | ijik | ihi | isi | ili | ||||||||
| Eyelash | dam qaxsaa | *qǝmǝʁja- | qemerjax | qemeryaq | qemeryaq | qemeryaq | qimiriaq → | qimeriaq | qimiiaq | |||||||||||||||
| Eyelash | - | #cəqpix | seqpix | siqpik | ciqpik | ciqpek | siqpiq | siqpik → | sippik | hiqpik | serpik | sirpik | ||||||||||||
| Ear | tutusix̂ | *ciɣunt | siigeta | sigun | cuun | ciun | siun → | siuti | siuti | siuti | siutik | siit/*tusaat | ||||||||||||
| Nose | angusix̂ | *qǝŋa- | qengax | qengaq | qengaq | qengaq | qingaq → | |||||||||||||||||
| Arm | chuyux̂ | *taɫi- | jaqex | taɫiq | taɫiq | taɫiq | taliq → | |||||||||||||||||
| Hand | chax̂ | *arɣa | ácxeẋ | aykaq | aikaq | aikaq | agrak | agraq | argak | argak | argak | adjgak *aygak | algak | argak | adjgak | aggak | aggak | aggak | aggak | aggak | aghak | assak | attak | |
| Finger | atx̂ux̂ | *ińura- | nurax | yughaq | suaraq | yuaraq | inugaq → | iñugaq | iñugaq | iñugaq | inuaq | iiaq | ||||||||||||
| Fingernail | - | *kikra | - | kiikiak | - | - | kigiak | kikiak → | ||||||||||||||||
| Belly | xax | *aqja | aqii | aqyaq | aqsaq | aqsaq | aqiaq → | aqajaq | ||||||||||||||||
| Navel | qiihliqdax̂ | *qacaɫǝʁ | qaɫasex | qasaɫeq | qaɫaciq | qaɫaciq | qalaiq | *qalaciq → | - | |||||||||||||||
| Knee | chidiĝix | *ciɣǝr-qu | sigesqeẋ | serquq | cisquq | ciisquq | siitquq → | siirquq | - | |||||||||||||||
| Calf | tugaadix̂ | *nakacuɣ-na- | nakasegnax | nakasugnaq | nakacugnaq | nakacugnaq | nakasungnaq → | nakasrungnaq | nakasunnaaq | - | ||||||||||||||
| Foot | kitax̂ | *itǝɣ-(a-) | ítegá | itegaq | itaq | itgaq | itigak → | itigaq | isigak | isigak | ihigak | ihigak | isigak | ihigak | isigak | - | ||||||||
| Anus | idiĝasix̂ | *ǝtǝʁ | tex | eteq | eteq | teq | itiq → | "*kiaavik" | ||||||||||||||||
| Animals | Caribou | itx̂aygix̂ | *tuŋtu | tumta | tungtu | tuntu | tuntu | tuttu | tuttu | tuttu | tuttu | tuttu | tuktu → | tuttu | tuttu | tuttuk | tuttu | tuttuq | ||||||
| Swan | qukingix̂ | *quɣruɣ | qerúmɫeráẋ | quuk | qugyuq | qugyuq | qugruk | qugruk | qugruk | qugruk | qugruk | qugyuk → | quyyuk | quyyuk | kutyuk | qughuk | qussuk | qutsuk | ||||||
| Canada Goose | laĝix̂ | *lǝqlǝʁ | leẋɫeẋ | leghɫeq | neqɫeq | neqɫeq | lirliq | lirliq | lirliq | nirliq → | lirliq/nirliq | nerɫeq | nirtiq | |||||||||||
| Killer Whale | aglux̂ | *aʁɫuɣ | arɫux? | arɫuk | aqɫuk | arɫuk | aarlu → | aarluk | aarluk | aarluk | aarluk | aarluk | aarluk | aalluk | aarluk | aarɫuk | aartiq? | |||||||
| Groundhog/Arctic squirrel | sixsix | *sigsik | siksix | sikik | cikik | cikik | *siksik → | chiksrik | siksi | sissi | sitsiq | |||||||||||||
| Ptarmigan | aĝdiikax̂ | *aqărɣiʁ | aqergex | aqargiiq/aqarriq | aqasgiiq | aqazgiiq | arargiq | arargiq | aqargiq | aqargiq | aqaygiq | aqiygiq | aqilgiq | aqirgiq/aqigriq | aqidjgiq | aqiggiq | aqiggiq | aqiggiq | aqiggiq | akiggik | aqighiq | aqisseq | nagalaraq | |
| Oldsquaw Duck | aagix̂ | *aXaŋǝ-liʁ | aahaangalex | aahaangwliq | ahangkiluk | aahaangiiq/aahaaliq | aa'aangiq | aa'aangiq | aahaaliq | aahaaliq | ahaangiq → | aahaalliq | ||||||||||||
| Bowhead whale/whale | alax̂ | *aʁvǝʁ | arvex | arveq | arweq/arruq | arveq | arviq → | |||||||||||||||||
| Dog | sabaakax̂ | *qikmi- | qepeneẋ | qikmiq | qiqmiq/piugta | qimugta | qimmiq → | qipmiq | qinmiq | qingmiq/qimmiq | qingmiq/qimmiq | |||||||||||||
| Fish | qax̂ | *ǝqaɫuɣ | iqeɫex | iqaɫuk | iqaɫuk | iqaɫuk | iraluk | iraluk | iqaluk → | qaluk | iqalik | |||||||||||||
| Louse | kitux̂ | *kumaɣ | kúmex | kumak → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Other nouns | Atmosphere/weather/out | silan/slax̂ | *cǝla | siɫa | sɫaa | ɫa | ciɫa/ella | sila → | chila | |||||||||||||||
| Yes | aang | *aa/ii | ii → | ii-i | ii-i | ii-i | ii-i | aap | ||||||||||||||||
| No | nangaa | *naaka *qaanga | naaka | naka/naah | kaa | ina/qanga | naami/naagga | qanngaq/naagga | naumi/naakka | naumi/naagga | naggai | naaggai | imannaq | iiq/naagga | naung/naagga | nauk/aakka | aakka/naagga | aukka/aggaq | naggai/nauk | aukang | na'a/naagga | naami/naagga | iiqqii | |
| House | ulax̂ | *ǝŋlu | lu | inglu | englu | englu | iglu → | illuk | iɫɫu | ittiq | ||||||||||||||
| Tent | pulaatxix̂ | *tupǝʁ | tupex | tupeq | - | - | tuviq | tuviq | tupiq → | |||||||||||||||
| To ask | ahmat- | *apete | apet- | apetaqa- | apqar- | apete- | apiri- → | aperi- | apii- | |||||||||||||||
| Tell a Story/Legend | uniikal | *uniɣ-paʁ- | unircex | ungikpaq | unifkuaq | unifkaraq | unipkaaq → | |||||||||||||||||
| Cry/weep | qidal | *qiRă- | qeje | qeya | qia → | qeya | ||||||||||||||||||
| Arrow | - | *qaʁru | qarceẋ | ruuq | ruuq | qeruq | *qaryuq → | qaryuk | qayyuk | katyuk | qarhuq | qarsoq | qarliq | |||||||||||
| Snow(flake) | qaniigix̂ | *qaniɣ | qanix | qanik → | qaniq | |||||||||||||||||||
| Price/Value | akiisal | *aki | aka | aki → | agi | agi | akik | agiq | ||||||||||||||||
| Hungry | haagil | *kajak | kajex | keek | kaik | kaik | kaak → | |||||||||||||||||
| Cook | unagix̂ | *ǝɣa | ega | ega | ega | ega | iga → | ega | ||||||||||||||||
| Smoke | huyux̂s | *puju | pujex | puyuq → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ash | utxix̂ | *aʁra | arex | aʁra | araq | araq | *arya → | ayya | atyak | arhaq | arsaq | arlaq | ||||||||||||
| Wind | achunal | *anuqǝ | anuqa | anuqa | anuqa | anuqa | anuri → | anori | anirsiq | |||||||||||||||
| Breath | angil | *anǝʁ- | anerte- | anernaq | anerneq | anerneq | anirniq → | aniqniq | anerneq | |||||||||||||||
| Name | asax̂ | *atǝʁ | atex | ateq | ateq | ateq | atiq → | |||||||||||||||||
| Load | husix̂ | *uci | usa | usi → | uci | uci | uzi | uchi | usri | |||||||||||||||
| Water | taangax̂ | *ǝmǝʁ | mex | emeq | meq | imiq → | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fire | qignal | *ǝknǝ- | ekn'ex | ekneq | keneq | keneq | ikniq | itniq | ikniq | igniq | ingniq → | igivattattiq | ||||||||||||
| To urinate | qaalux̂ | **quʁ(r)ǝ- | qux-teqex | uraquq | qure- | qure- | qui- → | quvi- | ||||||||||||||||
| Ship, boat | ayxaasix̂ | *umi(r)a | umax | umiaq → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lake | hanix̂ | #naCvaq | jajvex | nayvaq | nanwaq | nanvaq | navraq | navraq | narvaq → | nayvaq | nalvaq | nagvaq | navvaq | navvaq | navvaq | navvaq | navvak | nassak | nassak | nattak | ||||
| Lake | - | *taci-ʁ | - | - | - | - | teziq | tachiq | tasriq | tasiq → | ||||||||||||||
| Sun/Day | aĝadĝix̂ | #mazaq | - | mazaq | masaq | macaq | mazaq | machaq | masaq | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Sun/Day | aĝadĝix̂ | *ciqi-nǝʁ | siqinex | siqineq | ciqineq | ciqineq | siriniq | chiqiniq | siqiñiq | siqiñiq | hiqiñiq | siqiniq → | siirliq | |||||||||||
| Cloud | - | *nụvǝja | - | - | - | - | nuiya | nuwiya | nuviya | nuviya | nuvuya → | nuvuyaq | nuvuyaq | nuvuyaq | nuvuyak | nuvuyaq | nuiaq | nuviaq | ||||||
| Star | sdax̂ | *umluria | - | - | - | - | uvluriaq → | ubluriaq | ubluriaq | ubluriaq | ubluriaq | ubluriaq | ulluriaq | ulluriaq | ulluriaq | ullugiak | ulluriaq | ulloriaq | utturiaq | |||||
| Earth | tanax̂ | *luna | - | nuna → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Hilltop | qayax̂ | *qemi | qemix | qemiq | qemiq | qemiq | qimiq → | |||||||||||||||||
| Tree/Wood | - | *napar- | napax | napartuq | napaq | napa | napaaqtuq → | napaaqtiq | napaattuq | napaattuk | uqpik/napaaqtuq | urpik/napaartoq | urpik/napaartuq | |||||||||||
| Dog barking | qihlux | *qiluɣ | qelux | qilugaq | qiluk → | qiliilaq | ||||||||||||||||||
| And/also | ama | *amma | ama/sama | amahwa/aamta | amleq/cama | amleq/cama | amma → | aamma | aamma | |||||||||||||||
| Shaman | qugaaĝix̂ | *aŋalku- | angekex | angaɫkuq → | angaɫquq | angakkiq | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sky | inix̂ | *qilaɣ | qilex | qilak → | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Kiss on nose/kiss | qingul | *kungik | singeq | singaq(-ghaqaa) | cingaq | cingaq | kunik → | |||||||||||||||||
| Feather | haka | *culuk | silek | siluk | culuk | culuk | suluk → | chuluk | siik | |||||||||||||||
| Milk | mulukax | *emug, itug | ituk/emunge | ituk/emuk | muk | ituk | immuk → | ituk | miluk | miluk | ituk | |||||||||||||
| Here it is! | wa | *uva | hwa | hwa | w'a | w'a | uvvaa | uvvaa | uvva → | uhha | uffa | uppa | ||||||||||||
| Kayak | iqyaq | *qyaq | qajax | qayaq → | qayavialuk | saqqit | ||||||||||||||||||
| Adjectives | Cold! Brrr! How cold! | ababa | *alaapaa | - | - | - | - | alaapa | alaappa → | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ikkii | ||||||
| Still/also/more | ahlii | *culi | sali | salin | cali | cali | suli → | chuli | ||||||||||||||||
| Swell | hums | *puvet | puvceqertéẋ | puuvaaquq | puge- | puve- | puit- | puit- | puvit- → | puik- | puiq- | |||||||||||||
| Long | adul | *takǝ(v) | takevaláẋ | taakǝlʁi | takequq | takequq | tagiruq | tagiruq | takiruq | takiruq | takiruq | takiyuq → | takihuuq | takisooq/takivoq | tagiliq | |||||||||
| Fat | ignatul | *quvi | quginaẋ | quginaq | quili | quvinaq | quiniq → | |||||||||||||||||
| White | quhmax̂ | *qătǝ-ʁ | qetex | qeteq | qeteq | qeter- | qatiq → | qakuqtaq | qaquqtaq | qakuqtaq | qakuqtaq | qakuqtaq | qakuqtaq | qakutaq | kakuttak | qakuqtuq | qaqortoq | qaartiq | ||||||
| Grey hair | qidaayux | *qirʁǝʁ | qircéreɫeẋ | qiiq → | qiʁriq | qirʁiq | qirʁiq | qirʁi | qirʁiq | qiyriq | qiriq | qeeq | ||||||||||||
| Copper | kanuuyax̂ | **kanɣu-ja | kanuje | kanuya | kanuyaq | kanuyaq | kannuuyaq | kannuyaq → | kannguyaq | kanuhaq | kanusaq | kannussaq | kanngussak | kanngutsak | ||||||||||
| Numbers | 1 | ataqan | *ataʁu-ci- | ateresex | ataaziq | atauciq/atuusiq | atauciq | atausiq → | atauchiq | atausriq | ||||||||||||||
| 2 | aalax̂ | *malǝʁu- | malrug | malghuk | malluk | malruk → | marluuk | marluk | malruuk | malruuk | malruuk | marruuk | marruuk | marruuk | maqruuk | magguuk | marluk | marluk | martut | |||||
| 3 | qankun(-s) | *pingajunt | pingejug | pingayut | pingaun | pingayun | pingasut | *pingacut → | piñgasrut | piñgasut | piñgahut | pingasit | ||||||||||||
| 4 | siiching | *cǝtama- | sitamij | sitamat | staamat | cetaman | sitaman → | chitaman | sisaman | sisaman | hihaman | hihamat | tisamat | hihamat | sisamat | siamat | ||||||||
| 5 | chaang | *taɫiman | tasímengíyi | taɫimat | taɫiman | taɫiman | tauliman | taliman | talliman → | |||||||||||||||
| 6 | atuung | *aʁvinelegh | inglex | aghvínelek | arwinlgen | arvinglegen | arwinilik | arwinilik | itchaksrat | itchaksat | itchakhat | arvinillik | arvinillik | arviniq | arvinraq | arviniqtut | arviniliit | pingasuuyuqtut | pingasuuyurtut | pingasuuyuttut | arhiniddit | arfinillit | arpiniit | |
| 10 | hatix̂ | *qulǝ(ŋ) | qulex? | qula | qulin | qula | qulit → | qutit | ||||||||||||||||
| Aleut | Proto-Eskimo | Sirenik | Siberian Yupik | Alutiiq | Yup'ik | Seward Inupiaq | Qawiaraq | Malimiutun | North Slope | Uummarmiutun | Siglitun | Inuinnaqtun | Natsilik | Kivalliq | Aivilik | North Baffin | South Baffin | Nunavik | Labrador Inuttut | North Greenlandic | West Greenlandic | East Greenlandic |
