Voiceless labiodental fricative: Difference between revisions
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Many other fricatives can also change to /f/: | Many other fricatives can also change to /f/: | ||
* θ → f ([[Oscan]], [[Latin]] and most other Italic languages<ref>Note on Italic: in Latin, the word-internal voicing of fricatives [[Bleeding order|bleeds]] the change to /f/, leading to different reflexes.</ref>; some [[English]] dialects; some [[Oceanic]] branches) | * θ → f ([[Oscan]], [[Latin]] and most other Italic languages<ref>Note on Italic: in Latin, the word-internal voicing of fricatives [[Bleeding order|bleeds]] the change to /f/, leading to different reflexes, so /f/ only results initially.</ref>; some [[English]] dialects; some [[Oceanic]] branches) | ||
* x → f (Oscan — but not Latin, where *x → h) | * x → f (Oscan — but not Latin, where *x → h) | ||
* xʷ → f (Oscan, Latin) | * xʷ → f (Oscan, Latin) | ||
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* w → f is found in Irish (when not intervocalic). Many different phonetic paths of development are possible here. | * w → f is found in Irish (when not intervocalic). Many different phonetic paths of development are possible here. | ||
* sp → f in Albanian | * sp → f in Albanian | ||
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Revision as of 06:42, 23 January 2011
The voiceless labiodental fricative is a sound that occurs in some languages, represented as /f/ in the IPA.
Sound Changes
- See also: Fricatives
To
A common origin of /f/ is the lenition of a voiceless bilabial stop such as *p or *pʰ. This can be part of a common stop lenition process, but may be independant, as in Arabic and Hungarian. The change commonly proceeds thru a bilabial intermediate [ɸ], so other outcomes are possible, eg. Celtic, where *sɸ → f, but *ɸ → h → ∅ otherwise. (See more at /p/, fricative.)
Many other fricatives can also change to /f/:
- θ → f (Oscan, Latin and most other Italic languages[1]; some English dialects; some Oceanic branches)
- x → f (Oscan — but not Latin, where *x → h)
- xʷ → f (Oscan, Latin)
- ʍ → f (some English dialects)
- Devoicing: v → f. In many West Germanic varieties including Standard German, the change of *w → ʋ ~ v has pushed older †/v/ to /f/. This can be part of a more general devoicing process; see eg. final devoicing.
Other:
- w → f is found in Irish (when not intervocalic). Many different phonetic paths of development are possible here.
- sp → f in Albanian
