Taalen Morphology: Difference between revisions
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PAT : Patient: the patient or experiencer of the verb | PAT : Patient: the patient or experiencer of the verb<br> | ||
ASP<sub>1</sub> : Aspect prefix: provides specialization of primary (ASP<sub>2</sub>) aspectual marker | ASP<sub>1</sub> : Aspect prefix: provides specialization of primary (ASP<sub>2</sub>) aspectual marker<br> | ||
DER<sub>1</sub> : Derivative prefix: instrumental and claassifying prefixes | DER<sub>1</sub> : Derivative prefix: instrumental and claassifying prefixes<br> | ||
ROOT : the verb itself | ROOT : the verb itself<br> | ||
DER<sub>2</sub> : Derivative suffix: directionals, applicatives, evidentials | DER<sub>2</sub> : Derivative suffix: directionals, applicatives, evidentials<br> | ||
ASP<sub>2</sub> : Aspect suffix: primary aspectual marker | ASP<sub>2</sub> : Aspect suffix: primary aspectual marker<br> | ||
AGT : Agent : the agent or causative force of the verb | AGT : Agent : the agent or causative force of the verb<br> | ||
=Particles= | =Particles= |
Revision as of 18:52, 29 December 2005
Nominals
Plurals
Cases
Pronouns
The pronominal system of Taalen distinguishes for person (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and an obviative 4th) and animacy (in the 3rd person), but not number. Number is instead handled by complex pronouns, wherein the semantics of the pronoun are concatenations of person:
1+2 : 'I and you'; inclusive 'we'
1+3 : 'I and s/he or them'; exclusive 'we'
2+3 : 'you and s/he or them'; you, pl.
- This is not quite the same as the usual 2nd pl. pronoun, as it does not address directly more than one person. Instead it focuses on one individual as representative of a group.
1+2+3 : 'I and you and s/he or them'; people, the ubiquitous "they", a generic plural
4 : the other, one, a generic singular
- Implies more time or location specific identity than 1+2+3
Each person has a characteristic consonant and epenthetic vowel, used when marking verbs and nominals.
Person | Consonant | Vowel |
---|---|---|
1 | n | e |
2 | h (rarely t) | i |
3an | 0 (null) | a |
3in | s | a |
4 | r | o |
1+2 | m | e |
1+3 | th | e |
2+3 | v | u |
1+2+3 | l | o |
Verbs
Verbal Complex
PAT | ASP1 | DER1 | ROOT | DER2 | ASP2 | AGT |
---|
PAT : Patient: the patient or experiencer of the verb
ASP1 : Aspect prefix: provides specialization of primary (ASP2) aspectual marker
DER1 : Derivative prefix: instrumental and claassifying prefixes
ROOT : the verb itself
DER2 : Derivative suffix: directionals, applicatives, evidentials
ASP2 : Aspect suffix: primary aspectual marker
AGT : Agent : the agent or causative force of the verb