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| ===Additional Mathematical Concepts=== | | ===Additional Mathematical Concepts=== |
|
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| == Particles / Articles ==
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|
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| *'''ke''' - definite article / topic marker / accusative particle (non-obligatory, used for specificity)
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| *'''kya''' - jussive particle (placed before the phrase)
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| *'''ya''' - vocative particle (placed before the noun being addressed)
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|
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| == Pronouns ==
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|
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| {| class="wikitable" border=1
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| |-
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| ! !! ''Nominative'' !! ''Accusative'' !! ''Possessive'' !! ''Reflexive'' !! ''Reciprocal''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''1s''
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| || na || ena || nayo || na'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''2s''
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| || ta || eta ||tayo || ta'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''3s''
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| || ha || eha || hayo || ha'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''4s''
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| || tla || etla || tlayo || tla'i || ''' '''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''1p''
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| || nam || enam || namyo || nami || nanku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''1p'' (EXCL)
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| || na'am || ena'am || na'amyo || na'ami || na'anku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''2p''
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| || tam || etam || tamyo || tami || tanku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''3p''
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| || kam || ekam || kamyo || kami || kanku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''4p''
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| || tlam || etlam || tlamyo || tlami || tlanku
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| |-
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| |}
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|
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| === Other pronouns ===
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|
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| *'''itla''' - this (here)
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| *'''uatla''' - that (there)
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|
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| === Correlatives ===
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|
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| {| class="wikitable" border=1
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| |-
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| ! !! ''query'' !! ''this'' !! ''that'' !! ''some'' !! ''none'' !! ''any'' !! ''every'' !! ''whichever''
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''adjective''
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| || ka || itla || uatla || iha || ak || ula || kua || ote
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''person''
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| || ko...ka || iko || uako || ihako || hok || kola || kohua || oteko
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''thing''
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| || no...ka || itla || uatla || ihano || nok || nola || nokua || oteno
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''time''
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| || ama/tsima...ka || ima || uama || ihama || amak || amala || kuama || otema
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''place''
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| || mo...ka || hina || uana || ihamo || mok || mola || mokua || otemo
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''way''
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| || to...ka || yoto || uato || ihato || tok || tola || tokua || oheto
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''amount''
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| || ku/o...ka || iku || uaku || ihaku || huk/ok || kula || hukua/okua || oteku
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''reason''
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| || nye...ka || inye || uanye || ihanye || nyek || ulanye || nyekua || otenye
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| |- align=center
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| ! ''kind''
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| || su...ka || isu || uasu || ihasu || suk || sula || sukua || otesu
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| |-
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| |}
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|
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| == Conjunctions ==
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|
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| *'''ma''' - and, also, as well
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| *'''hema...ma''' - both...and...
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| *'''ua''' - or, other, either
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| *'''uak''' - nor, neither
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| *'''ehe''' - but, however
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| *'''iya''' - if, whether
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| *'''ke / uama''' - then
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| *'''nye''' - because, in order that, so that
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| *'''nke''' - and though; although; even though
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|
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| == Affirmation and Negation ==
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|
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| *'''uala''' - actually, indeed / verily, truly
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| *'''tokua''' - by all means
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| *'''tok''' - by no means
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| *'''a''' - yes / certainly, evidently, of course
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| *'''ak''' - no, not
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| *'''eya''' - perhaps, maybe, possibly
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| *'''apa''' - probably
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|
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| == Verbs ==
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|
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| === basic ===
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|
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| *'''a''' - to be, exist
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| *'''munta''' - become, change, alter
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| *'''muya''' - cause to, make, do
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| *'''myonta''' - let, allow, permit to
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| *'''heta''' - must, should, need to
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| *'''ueha''' - want to, intend to
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| *'''pala''' - can, could, am able to
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|
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| === simple movement ===
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|
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| *'''sapua''' - arrive
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| *'''tala''' - come (back), return
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| *'''yala''' - depart, leave, go, walk
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| *'''eka''' - enter, come/go in
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| *'''yese''' - exit, come/go out
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| *'''itola''' - fall, drop
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| *'''olo''' - fly, move through air
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| *'''tapya''' - follow, continue, go on
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| *'''topu''' - jump
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| *'''hoya''' - raise, rise, lift
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| *'''tlani''' - roll, revole
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| *'''hatsu''' - run
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| *'''sima''' - sit, recline, rest
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| *'''tsamu''' - stand, be upright, rise to one's feet
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| *'''uku''' - stop, wait
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| *'''saka''' - swim, move through water
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|
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| === change ===
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|
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|
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| === weather ===
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|
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| *'''tonya''' - freeze, solidify
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| *'''pana''' - rain, moisten, humidify
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| *'''nyahi''' - snow [white]
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| *'''sama''' - shine [sun, solar]
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|
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| === biological actions ===
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|
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| *'''nasa''' - be born
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| *'''sinu''' - die
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| *'''inu''' - drink
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| *'''ina''' - eat
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| *'''anu''' - hear, listen
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| *'''asa''' - live
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| *'''heta''' - need
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| *'''anya''' - see, look
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| *'''moku''' - sleep
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| *'''taki''' - taste, like, enjoy
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| *'''yanta''' - waken, awaken
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|
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| == Food ==
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|
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| === Fruits ===
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|
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| *'''omena''' - apple
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| *'''melonka''' - apricot
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| *'''kilatsi''' - cherry
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| *'''hasukanu''' - date, fig
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| *'''punka''' - fruit
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| *'''enapa''' - grapes
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| *'''ntimu''' - lemon
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| *'''sokuya''' - lime
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| *'''kapunu''' - melon
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| *'''setona''' - olive
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| *'''tsunkua''' - orange
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| *'''takolo''' - peach
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| *'''nasi''' - pear
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| *'''matsatli''' - pineapple
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| *'''etlika''' - plum
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| *'''malina''' - raspberry
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| *'''yakota''' - (straw)berry
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|
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| === Vegetables ===
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|
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| *'''kusupu''' - artichoke
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| *'''asino''' - asparagus
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| *'''tlopya''' - bean
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| *'''tohi''' - cabbage / broccoli / cauliflower
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| *'''ha'utsu''' - carrot
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| *'''apyoma''' - celery
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| *'''suani''' - chives
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| *'''o'i''' - cucumber
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| *'''nopilo''' - garlic
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| *'''hyantso''' - herbs
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| *'''etesa''' - lentil
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| *'''tletsuka''' - lettuce
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| *'''hakuni''' - mint
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| *'''kopa''' - mushroom
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| *'''kasuma''' - onion
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| *'''metanoso''' - parsley
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| *'''uansu''' - pea
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| *'''ahiya''' - potato
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| *'''kapotsa''' - pumpkin
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| *'''tlapanu''' - radish
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| *'''nyokutsu''' - sage
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| *'''teleta''' - spinach
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| *'''sitomatla''' - tomato
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| *'''salatsa''' - turnip
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| *'''napaka''' - grain
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| *'''sayeli''' - barley
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| *'''kanka''' - maize, corn
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| *'''yolapu''' - oats
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| *'''nyoma''' - rice
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| *'''sikali''' - rye
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| *'''mpoka''' - vegetable
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| *'''kenime''' - wheat
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|
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| === Meals ===
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|
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| *'''inama''' - meal, dinner
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| *'''sopane''' - breakfast
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| *'''tetsuna''' - lunch
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| *'''esa''' - supper
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| *'''ina''' - food
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| *'''kinuahu''' - dessert
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| *'''sunalo''' - salad
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| *'''ketosa''' - soup
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| *'''matla''' - stew
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|
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| === Meats ===
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|
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| *'''x''' - meat
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| *'''x''' - bacon
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| *'''x''' - beef
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| *'''x''' - chicken
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| *'''x''' - cut
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| *'''x''' - fat
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| *'''x''' - mutton
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| *'''x''' - pork
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| *'''x''' - rib
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| *'''x''' - roast
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| *'''x''' - sausage
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| *'''x''' - steak
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|
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| === Other Foods ===
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|
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| *'''x''' - biscuit
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| *'''x''' - bread
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| *'''x''' - cake
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| *'''x''' - flour
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| *'''x''' - roll
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| *'''x''' - butter
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| *'''x''' - cheese
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| *'''x''' - cream
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| *'''x''' - egg
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| *'''x''' - omelet
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| *'''x''' - honey
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| *'''x''' - jam
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| *'''x''' - mustard
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| *'''x''' - oil
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| *'''x''' - pepper
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| *'''x''' - salt
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| *'''x''' - sauce
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| *'''x''' - sugar
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| *'''x''' - vinegar
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|
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| === Beverages ===
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|
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| *'''x''' - beverage
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| *'''x''' - alcohol
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| *'''x''' - beer
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| *'''x''' - brandy
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| *'''x''' - coffee
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| *'''x''' - milk
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| *'''x''' - soda water
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| *'''x''' - tea
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| *'''x''' - wine
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|
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| === The Table ===
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|
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| *'''x''' - cup
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| *'''x''' - glass
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| *'''x''' - plate, dish
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| *'''x''' - saucer
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| *'''x''' - platter
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| *'''x''' - fork
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| *'''x''' - knife
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| *'''x''' - spoon
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| *'''x''' - napkin
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| *'''x''' - tablecloth
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|
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| === The Kitchen ===
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|
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| *'''x''' - basin, bowl
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| *'''x''' - bottle
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| *'''x''' - coffee pot
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| *'''x''' - frying pan
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| *'''x''' - jug
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| *'''x''' - kettle
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| *'''x''' - lid
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| *'''x''' - pot
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| *'''x''' - saucepan, pan
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| *'''x''' - scale, measure
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| *'''x''' - teapot
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|
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| === Drink ===
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|
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| *'''inu''' - drink
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| *'''inupan''' - drinkable
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| *'''kaua''' - coffee
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| *'''tsai''' - tea
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| *'''hali''' - milk
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| *'''maya''' - water
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| *'''ka'asu''' - juice
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|
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| == Kinship terms ==
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|
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| === Direct ===
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|
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| *'''otahaka''' - great-grandfather
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| *'''onahaka''' - great-grandmother
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| *'''otaha''' - grandfather / great-uncle
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| *'''onaha''' - grandmother / great-aunt
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| *'''ota''' - father / uncle
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| *'''ona''' - mother / aunt
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| *'''otaua''' - brother / cousin
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| *'''onaua''' - sister / cousin
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| *'''ota’i''' - son / nephew
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| *'''ona’i''' - daughter / niece
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| *'''ota’iha''' - grandson
| |
| *'''ona’iha''' - granddaughter
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|
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| === Indirect ===
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|
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| *'''tla’ota''' husband
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| *'''tla’ona''' wife
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| *'''po’ota''' father-in-law
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| *'''po’ona''' mother-in-law
| |
| *'''po’ona’i''' daughter-in-law
| |
| *'''po’otaua''' brother-in-law
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| *'''po’onaua''' sister-in-law
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| *'''tla'ota’i''' - stepson
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| *'''tla'ona’i''' - stepdaughter
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|
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| == Numbers ==
| |
|
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| === Cardinal ===
| |
|
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| *'''e'o''' - zero / nothing
| |
| *'''na'o''' - one
| |
| *'''ta'o''' - two
| |
| *'''ha'o''' - three
| |
| *'''ma'o''' - four
| |
| *'''ya'o''' - five
| |
| *'''tsa'o''' - six
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| *'''ka'o''' - seven
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| *'''pa'o''' - eight
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| *'''sa'o''' - nine
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| *'''ue'o''' - ten
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| *'''nye'o''' - 10^2
| |
| *'''tle'o''' - 10^3
| |
| *'''mue'o''' - 10^4
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| *'''kye'o''' - 10^5
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| *'''nte'o''' - 10^6
| |
|
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| === Higher Numbers ===
| |
|
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| * '''uena'o''' - eleven / 11
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|
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| * '''taue'o''' - twenty / 20
| |
|
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| * '''nyeka'o''' - one hundred seven / 107
| |
|
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| * '''hanyetauetsa'o''' (''long form'') | '''hatatsa'o''' (''short form'') - three hundred twenty six / 326
| |
|
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| * '''tsatletauema'o''' - six thousand and twenty four / 6024
| |
|
| |
| === Ordinals, Negatives, Fractions etc. ===
| |
|
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| * '''ki'''- - ordinal prefix
| |
| :Example : '''kisa'o''' - ninth (in a sequence)
| |
| :Example : '''kiyanyepa'o''' - 508<sup>th</sup>
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|
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| * '''ti'''- - multiple prefix
| |
| :Example : '''tisa'o''' - nine times
| |
| :Example : '''tiyanyepa'o''' - 508 times
| |
|
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| * '''i'''- - fractional prefix
| |
| :Example : '''isa'o''' - a ninth, 1/9
| |
| :Example : '''iha'o te pa'o''' - three eighths, 3/8 [lit: a third of eight]
| |
|
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| * -'''k''' - negative/subtractive suffix
| |
| :Example : '''sa'ok''' - negative nine (-9)
| |
| :Example : '''ue'o ma sa'ok na'o a''' - 10 and -9 is 1
| |
|
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| == Time ==
| |
|
| |
| === Days of the Week ===
| |
|
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| *The [[Kala]] week begins on Thursday.
| |
|
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| :*'''nayoma''' - Thursday
| |
| :*'''tayoma''' - Friday
| |
| :*'''yomha''' - Saturday
| |
| :*'''mayoma''' - Sunday
| |
| :*'''yomya''' - Monday
| |
| :*'''tsayoma''' - Tuesday
| |
| :*'''kayoma''' - Wednesday
| |
|
| |
| === Calendar ===
| |
|
| |
| The [[Kala]] calendar is modeled after the [[Wikipedia:Bahá'í_calendar|Baha'i Calendar]].
| |
|
| |
| *[http://wiki.frath.net/images/0/07/Sayoma.PNG A chart of the [[Kala]] '''sayoma'''.]
| |
|
| |
| *Based on this calendar, [[wikipedia:Cinco de Mayo|Cinco de Mayo]] would be '''yoma pa'o te sayo ha'o''', or Day 8 of Month 3.
| |
|
| |
| *The correlating vocabulary to the [[wikipedia:Gregorian calendar|Gregorian calendar]] differs.
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! No. || English || [[Kala]]
| |
| |-
| |
| | 1 || January || '''na'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 2 || February || '''ta'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 3 || March || '''ha'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 4 || April || '''ma'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 5 || May || '''ya'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 6 || June || '''tsa'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 7 || July || '''ka'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 8 || August || '''pa'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 9 || September || '''sa'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 10 || October || '''ue'oku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 11 || November || '''uenaku'''
| |
| |-
| |
| | 12 || December || '''uetaku'''
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
| == Colors ==
| |
|
| |
| * '''akai''' - red
| |
| * '''otliyo''' - orange
| |
| * '''yana''' - yellow
| |
| * '''kuya''' - green
| |
| * '''tsuku''' - blue
| |
| * '''tlaku''' - indigo, violet, purple
| |
| * '''nyahi''' - white, pale
| |
| * '''oya''' - black, dark
| |
| * '''yehi''' - clear
| |
|
| |
| == Toponyms ==
| |
|
| |
| *'''apika''' - Africa
| |
| :*'''yatsa'ila''' - Algeria - '''tsayela''' - Algers
| |
| :*'''ankola''' - Angola - '''tlo'anta''' - Luanda
| |
| :*'''penina''' - Benin - '''hokupono''' - Porto Novo
| |
| *'''antakutika''' - Antarctica
| |
| :
| |
| *'''atsa''' - Asia
| |
| :
| |
| *'''osutaliya''' - Australia
| |
| :
| |
| *'''yolopa''' - Europe
| |
| :
| |
| *'''amelika kita''' - North Amerika
| |
| :*'''kanata''' - Canada - '''otaua''' - Ottawa
| |
| :*'''kupa''' - Cuba - '''hauana''' - Havana
| |
| :*'''hanya te tolom''' (Nation of States) - USA - '''uasiton''' - Washington DC
| |
| :
| |
| *'''amelika mina''' - South Amerika
| |
| :
| |
|
| |
|
| == Index == | | == Index == |
