Voiceless postalveolar affricate: Difference between revisions
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|colspan=2 align="center"| Pulmonic Consonant | |colspan=2 align="center"| Pulmonic Consonant | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[IPA]]: || t͡ʃ | | [[IPA]]: || t͡ʃ ''or'' ʧ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[X-SAMPA]]: || <tt>t_S</tt> | | [[X-SAMPA]]: || <tt>t_S</tt> ''or'' <tt>tS</tt> ''(see text)'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Kirshenbaum]]: || tS | | [[Kirshenbaum]]: || tS | ||
| Line 14: | Line 14: | ||
| Manner of Articulation: || [[Affricate]] | | Manner of Articulation: || [[Affricate]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Phonological feature]]s: || | | [[Phonological feature]]s: || [+consonantal] <br> [+delayed release] <br> '''[+<small>CORONAL</small>]''' <br> [+distributed]<br> [+strident] | ||
|} | |} | ||
The voiceless postalveolar affricate is a quite common sound cross-linguistically. It often arises from [[Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] before a high vowel or [[Palatal approximant|j]]. Its voiced equivalent is [[Voiced alveolar affricate|dʒ]]. It can also be ejective, [[Postalveolar ejective affricate|tʃʼ]], | The voiceless postalveolar affricate is a quite common sound cross-linguistically. It often arises from [[Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] before a high vowel or [[Palatal approximant|j]]. Its voiced equivalent is [[Voiced alveolar affricate|dʒ]]. It can also be ejective, [[Postalveolar ejective affricate|tʃʼ]]. | ||
In [[X-SAMPA]] it can be represented explicitly as <tt>[t_S]</tt>, though for convenience it can also be represented as <tt>[tS]</tt>. The disjunctor hyphen (thus <tt>[t-S]</tt>) can be used when it is important to emphasize the separateness of the <tt>[t]</tt> and the <tt>[S]</tt>. | |||
Americanistic, Uralistic etc. linguistic traditions use the symbol '''[[č]]''' for this sound. | |||
Note that in [[shallow transcription]] it is common to use /tʃ/ as a catch-all symbol for a number of different affricates, such as the [[voiceless retroflex affricate]] [tʂ], [[voiceless palato-alveolar affricate]] [tɕ], or even the [[voiceless palatal affricate]] [cç], if they do not contrast in the language in question with an actual postalveolar. | |||
===Postalveolar affricates in natlangs=== | ===Postalveolar affricates in natlangs=== | ||
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'''[[Japanese]]''' | '''[[Japanese]]''' | ||
{| | {| | ||
| Plain || ち (chi) || 父 /titi/ [ | | Plain || ち (chi) || 父 /titi/ [t͡ɕit͡ɕi] | ||
|} | |} | ||
Note that this is one of the cases where the sound is actually not [tʃ]. | |||
'''[[Nahuatl]]''' | '''[[Nahuatl]]''' | ||
| Line 39: | Line 46: | ||
| Plain || ch || coche /kotʃe/ | | Plain || ch || coche /kotʃe/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | |||
'''[[Turkish]]''' | |||
{| | |||
| Plain || ç || çiçek /tʃitʃec/ | |||
|} | |||
===Postalveolar affricates in conlangs=== | |||
'''[[Ithkuil]]''' | '''[[Ithkuil]]''' | ||
{| | {| | ||
| Line 46: | Line 59: | ||
| Aspirated || čʰ || [http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Sound_Files/cons-38d.mp3 čʰed /tʃʰed/] | | Aspirated || čʰ || [http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Sound_Files/cons-38d.mp3 čʰed /tʃʰed/] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ejective || č’ || [http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Sound_Files/cons-39b.mp3 qömč’oi / | | Ejective || č’ || [http://home.inreach.com/sl2120/Sound_Files/cons-39b.mp3 qömč’oi /qœmtʃʼoi/] | ||
|} | |} | ||
===See Also=== | |||
*[[Voiceless alveolar affricate]] | |||
*[[Postalveolar affricated click]] | |||
[[Category:Phonetic segments|tʃ]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:23, 15 December 2010
| tʃ | |
|---|---|
| Pulmonic Consonant | |
| IPA: | t͡ʃ or ʧ |
| X-SAMPA: | t_S or tS (see text) |
| Kirshenbaum: | tS |
| Place of Articulation: | Postalveolar |
| Manner of Articulation: | Affricate |
| Phonological features: | [+consonantal] [+delayed release] [+CORONAL] [+distributed] [+strident] |
The voiceless postalveolar affricate is a quite common sound cross-linguistically. It often arises from t before a high vowel or j. Its voiced equivalent is dʒ. It can also be ejective, tʃʼ.
In X-SAMPA it can be represented explicitly as [t_S], though for convenience it can also be represented as [tS]. The disjunctor hyphen (thus [t-S]) can be used when it is important to emphasize the separateness of the [t] and the [S].
Americanistic, Uralistic etc. linguistic traditions use the symbol č for this sound.
Note that in shallow transcription it is common to use /tʃ/ as a catch-all symbol for a number of different affricates, such as the voiceless retroflex affricate [tʂ], voiceless palato-alveolar affricate [tɕ], or even the voiceless palatal affricate [cç], if they do not contrast in the language in question with an actual postalveolar.
Postalveolar affricates in natlangs
| Plain | ch | chin /tʃɪn/ |
| Plain | ち (chi) | 父 /titi/ [t͡ɕit͡ɕi] |
Note that this is one of the cases where the sound is actually not [tʃ].
| Plain | ch | tōchtli /toːtʃtɬi/ |
| Plain | ch | coche /kotʃe/ |
| Plain | ç | çiçek /tʃitʃec/ |
Postalveolar affricates in conlangs
| Plain | č | čuņ /tʃuŋ/ |
| Aspirated | čʰ | čʰed /tʃʰed/ |
| Ejective | č’ | qömč’oi /qœmtʃʼoi/ |
