Kala thematic lexicon

• This lexicon is modeled after the Thematic Dictionary of Verdurian and the List of 1400 Basic Words in LFN.

See also: Kala Lexicon

Particles / Articles

• ke - definite article / topic marker / accusative particle (non-obligatory, used for specificity)
• kya - jussive particle (placed before the phrase)
• ya - vocative particle (placed before the noun being addressed)

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Possessive	Reflexive	Reciprocal
1st sing	na	ena	nayo	na'i
2nd sing	ta	eta	tayo	ta'i
3rd sing	ha	eha	hayo	ha'i
1st plu	nam	enam	namyo	nami	nanku
1st plu (EXCL)	na'am	ena'am	na'amyo	na'ami	na'anku
2nd plu	tam	etam	tamyo	tami	tanku
3rd plu	kam	ekam	kamyo	kami	kanku

Other pronouns

• tla - a fourth person pronoun, used for all inanimate and abstract nouns, tla inflects in the same way that all other pronouns do
• itla - this (here)
• uatla - that (here)

Correlatives

	query	this	that	some	none	any	every	whichever
adjective	ka	itla	uatla	iha	ak	ula	kua	ote
person	ko...ka	iko	uako	ihako	hok	kola	kohua	oteko
thing	no...ka	itla	uatla	ihano	nok	nola	nokua	oteno
time	ama/tsima...ka	ima	uama	ihama	amak	amala	kuama	otema
place	mo...ka	hina	uana	ihamo	mok	mola	mokua	otemo
way	to...ka	yoto	uato	ihato	tok	tola	tokua	oheto
amount	ku/o...ka	iku	uaku	ihaku	huk/ok	kula	hukua/okua	oteku
reason	nye...ka	inye	uanye	ihanye	nyek	ulanye	nyekua	otenye
kind	su...ka	isu	uasu	ihasu	suk	sula	sukua	otesu

Conjunctions

• ma - and, also, as well
• hema...ma - both...and...
• ua - or, other, either
• uak - nor, neither
• ehe - but, however
• iya - if, whether
• ke / uama - then
• nye - because, in order that, so that
• nke - and though; although; even though

Affirmation and Negation

• uala - actually, indeed / verily, truly
• tokua - by all means
• tok - by no means
• a - yes / certainly, evidently, of course
• ak - no, not
• eya - perhaps, maybe, possibly
• apa - probably

Verbs

basic

• a - to be, exist
• munta - become, change, alter
• muya - cause to, make, do
• myonta - let, allow, permit to
• heta - must, should, need to
• ueha - want to, intend to
• pala - can, could, am able to

simple movement

• sapua - arrive
• tala - come (back), return
• yala - depart, leave, go, walk
• eka - enter, come/go in
• yese - exit, come/go out
• itola - fall, drop
• olo - fly, move through air
• tapya - follow, continue, go on
• topu - jump
• hoya - raise, rise, lift
• tlani - roll, revole
• hatsu - run
• sima - sit, recline, rest
• tsamu - stand, be upright, rise to one's feet
• uku - stop, wait
• saka - swim, move through water

weather

• tonya - freeze, solidify
• pana - rain, moisten, humidify
• nyahi - snow [white]
• sama - shine [sun, solar]

biological actions

• nasa - be born
• sinu - die
• inu - drink
• ina - eat
• anu - hear, listen
• asa - live
• heta - need
• anya - see, look
• moku - sleep
• taki - taste, like, enjoy
• yanta - waken, awaken

Food

Fruits

• x - apple
• x - apricot
• x - cherry
• x - date
• x - fig
• x - grapes
• x - lemon
• x - lime
• x - melon
• x - olive
• x - orange
• x - peach
• x - pear
• x - pineapple
• x - plum
• x - raspberry
• x - strawberry

Vegetables

• x - vegetable
• x - artichoke
• x - asparagus
• x - bean
• x - cabbage
• x - carrot
• x - cauliflower
• x - celery
• x - chives
• x - cucumber
• x - garlic
• x - herbs
• x - lentil
• x - lettuce
• x - mint
• x - mushroom
• x - onion
• x - parsley
• x - pea
• x - potato
• x - pumpkin
• x - radish
• x - sage
• x - spinach
• x - tomato
• x - turnip
• x - grain
• x - barley
• x - maize, corn
• x - oats
• x - rice
• x - rye
• x - wheat

Meals

• x - meal, dinner
• x - breakfast
• x - lunch
• x - supper
• x - food
• x - dessert
• x - salad
• x - soup
• x - stew

Meats

• x - meat
• x - bacon
• x - beef
• x - chicken
• x - cut
• x - fat
• x - mutton
• x - pork
• x - rib
• x - roast
• x - sausage
• x - steak

Other Foods

• x - biscuit
• x - bread
• x - cake
• x - flour
• x - roll
• x - butter
• x - cheese
• x - cream
• x - egg
• x - omelet
• x - honey
• x - jam
• x - mustard
• x - oil
• x - pepper
• x - salt
• x - sauce
• x - sugar
• x - vinegar

Beverages

• x - beverage
• x - alcohol
• x - beer
• x - brandy
• x - coffee
• x - milk
• x - soda water
• x - tea
• x - wine

The Table

• x - cup
• x - glass
• x - plate, dish
• x - saucer
• x - platter
• x - fork
• x - knife
• x - spoon
• x - napkin
• x - tablecloth

The Kitchen

• x - basin, bowl
• x - bottle
• x - coffee pot
• x - frying pan
• x - jug
• x - kettle
• x - lid
• x - pot
• x - saucepan, pan
• x - scale, measure
• x - teapot

Drink

• inu - drink
• inupan - drinkable
• kaua - coffee
• tsai - tea
• hali - milk
• maya - water
• ka'asu - juice

Kinship terms

Direct

• otahaka - great-grandfather
• onahaka - great-grandmother
• otaha - grandfather / great-uncle
• onaha - grandmother / great-aunt
• ota - father / uncle
• ona - mother / aunt
• otaua - brother / cousin
• onaua - sister / cousin
• ota’i - son / nephew
• ona’i - daughter / niece
• ota’iha - grandson
• ona’iha - granddaughter

Indirect

• tla’ota husband
• tla’ona wife
• po’ota father-in-law
• po’ona mother-in-law
• po’ona’i daughter-in-law
• po’otaua brother-in-law
• po’onaua sister-in-law
• tla'ota’i - stepson
• tla'ona’i - stepdaughter

Numbers

Cardinal

• e'o - zero / nothing
• na'o - one
• ta'o - two
• ha'o - three
• ma'o - four
• ya'o - five
• tsa'o - six
• ka'o - seven
• pa'o - eight
• sa'o - nine
• ue'o - ten
• nye'o - 10^2
• tle'o - 10^3
• mue'o - 10^4
• kye'o - 10^5
• nte'o - 10^6

Higher Numbers

• uena'o - eleven / 11

• taue'o - twenty / 20

• nyeka'o - one hundred seven / 107

• hanyetauetsa'o (long form) | hatatsa'o (short form) - three hundred twenty six / 326

• tsatletauema'o - six thousand and twenty four / 6024

Ordinals, Negatives, Fractions etc.

• ki- - ordinal prefix

Example : kisa'o - ninth (in a sequence)

Example : kiyanyepa'o - 508^th

• ti- - multiple prefix

Example : tisa'o - nine times

Example : tiyanyepa'o - 508 times

• i- - fractional prefix

Example : isa'o - a ninth, 1/9

Example : iha'o te pa'o - three eighths, 3/8 [lit: a third of eight]

• -k - negative/subtractive suffix

Example : sa'ok - negative nine (-9)

Example : ue'o ma sa'ok na'o a - 10 and -9 is 1

Time

Days of the Week

• The Kala week begins on Thursday.

• nayoma - Thursday
• tayoma - Friday
• yomha - Saturday
• mayoma - Sunday
• yomya - Monday
• tsayoma - Tuesday
• kayoma - Wednesday

Calendar

The Kala calendar is modeled after the Baha'i Calendar.

• A chart of the Kala sayoma.

• Based on this calendar, Cinco de Mayo would be yoma pa'o te sayo ha'o, or Day 8 of Month 3.

• The correlating vocabulary to the Gregorian calendar differs.

No.	English	Kala
1	January	na'oku
2	February	ta'oku
3	March	ha'oku
4	April	ma'oku
5	May	ya'oku
6	June	tsa'oku
7	July	ka'oku
8	August	pa'oku
9	September	sa'oku
10	October	ue'oku
11	November	uenaku
12	December	uetaku

Colors

• akai - red
• otliyo - orange
• yana - yellow
• kuya - green
• tsuku - blue
• tlaku - indigo, violet, purple
• nyahi - white, pale
• oya - black, dark
• yehi - clear

Toponyms

• apika - Africa

• yatsa'ila - Algeria - tsayela - Algers
• ankola - Angola - tlo'anta - Luanda
• penina - Benin - hokupono - Porto Novo

• antakutika - Antarctica

• atsa - Asia

• osutaliya - Australia

• yolopa - Europe

• amelika kita - North Amerika

• kanata - Canada - otaua - Ottawa
• kupa - Cuba - hauana - Havana
• hanya te tolom (Nation of States) - USA - uasiton - Washington DC

• amelika mina - South Amerika

Index

grammar outline | sentences | questions | lexicon | thematic lexicon | writing