Kala thematic lexicon

• This lexicon is modeled after the Thematic Dictionary of Verdurian and the List of 1400 Basic Words in LFN.

See also: Kala Lexicon

Particles / Articles

• ke - definite article / topic marker / accusative particle (non-obligatory, used for specificity)
• kya - jussive particle (placed before the phrase)
• ya - vocative particle (placed before the noun being addressed)

Pronouns

	Nominative	Accusative	Possessive	Reflexive	Reciprocal
1st sing	na	ena	nayo	na'i
2nd sing	ta	eta	tayo	ta'i
3rd sing	ha	eha	hayo	ha'i
1st plu	nam	enam	namyo	nami	nanku
1st plu (EXCL)	na'am	ena'am	na'amyo	na'ami	na'anku
2nd plu	tam	etam	tamyo	tami	tanku
3rd plu	kam	ekam	kamyo	kami	kanku

Other pronouns

• tla - a fourth person pronoun, used for all inanimate and abstract nouns, tla inflects in the same way that all other pronouns do
• itla - this (here)
• uatla - that (here)

Conjunctions

• ma - and, also, as well
• hema...ma - both...and...
• ua - or, other, either
• uak - nor, neither
• ehe - but, however
• iya - if, whether
• ke / uama - then
• nye - because, in order that, so that
• nke - and though; although; even though

Affirmation and Negation

• uala - actually, indeed / verily, truly
• tokua - by all means
• tok - by no means
• a - yes / certainly, evidently, of course
• ak - no, not
• eya - perhaps, maybe, possibly
• apa - probably

Verbs

basic

• a - to be, exist
• munta - become, change, alter
• muya - cause to, make, do
• myonta - let, allow, permit to
• heta - must, should, need to
• ueha - want to, intend to
• pala - can, could, am able to

simple movement

• sapua - arrive
• tala - come (back), return
• yala - depart, leave, go, walk
• eka - enter, come/go in
• yese - exit, come/go out
• itola - fall, drop
• tsikua - fly, move through air
• tapya - follow, continue, go on
• topu - jump
• hoya - raise, rise, lift
• tlani - roll, revole
• hatsu - run
• sima - sit, recline, rest
• tsamu - stand, be upright, rise to one's feet
• uku - stop, wait
• saka - swim, move through water

Food

Drink

• inu - drink
• inupan - drinkable
• kaua - coffee
• tsai - tea
• hali - milk
• maya - water
• ka'asu - juice

Kinship terms

Direct

• otahaka - great-grandfather
• onahaka - great-grandmother
• otaha - grandfather / great-uncle
• onaha - grandmother / great-aunt
• ota - father / uncle
• ona - mother / aunt
• otaua - brother / cousin
• onaua - sister / cousin
• ota’i - son / nephew
• ona’i - daughter / niece
• ota’iha - grandson
• ona’iha - granddaughter

Indirect

• tla’ota husband
• tla’ona wife
• po’ota father-in-law
• po’ona mother-in-law
• po’ona’i daughter-in-law
• po’otaua brother-in-law
• po’onaua sister-in-law
• tla'ota’i - stepson
• tla'ona’i - stepdaughter

Numbers

Cardinal

• e'o - zero / nothing
• na'o - one
• ta'o - two
• ha'o - three
• ma'o - four
• ya'o - five
• tsa'o - six
• ka'o - seven
• pa'o - eight
• sa'o - nine
• ue'o - ten
• nye'o - hundred
• tle'o - thousand
• mue'o - ten thousand
• kye'o - hundred thousand
• nte'o - million

Higher Numbers

• uena'o - eleven / 11

• taue'o - twenty / 20

• nyeka'o - one hundred seven / 107

• hanyetauetsa'o (long form) | hatatsa'o (short form) - three hundred twenty six / 326

• tsatletauema'o - six thousand and twenty four / 6024

Ordinals, Negatives, Fractions etc.

• ki- - ordinal prefix

Example : kisa'o - ninth (in a sequence)

Example : kiyanyepa'o - 508^th

• ti- - multiple prefix

Example : tisa'o - nine times

Example : tiyanyepa'o - 508 times

• i- - fractional prefix

Example : isa'o - a ninth, 1/9

Example : iha'o te pa'o - three eighths, 3/8 [lit: a third of eight]

• -k - negative/subtractive suffix

Example : sa'ok - negative nine (-9)

Example : ue'o ma sa'ok na'o a - 10 and -9 is 1

Time

Days of the Week

• The Kala week begins on Thursday.

• nayoma - Thursday
• tayoma - Friday
• yomha - Saturday
• mayoma - Sunday
• yomya - Monday
• tsayoma - Tuesday
• kayoma - Wednesday

Calendar

The Kala calendar is modeled after the Baha'i Calendar.

• A chart of the Kala sayoma.

• Based on this calendar, Cinco de Mayo would be yoma pa'o te sayo ha'o, or Day 8 of Month 3.

• The correlating vocabulary to the Gregorian calendar differs.

No.	English	Kala
1	January	na'oku
2	February	ta'oku
3	March	ha'oku
4	April	ma'oku
5	May	ya'oku
6	June	tsa'oku
7	July	ka'oku
8	August	pa'oku
9	September	sa'oku
10	October	ue'oku
11	November	uenaku
12	December	uetaku

Colors

• akai - red
• otliyo - orange
• yana - yellow
• kuya - green
• tsuku - blue
• tlaku - indigo, violet, purple
• nyahi - white, pale
• oya - black, dark
• yehi - clear

Thematic Lexicon

family

• family / kin - tlika
• parent - onata
• grandparent - onataha
• spouse - tlanata
• sibling - uanata
• child - inata
• father / uncle - ota
• mother / aunt - ona
• husband - tla'ota
• wife - tla'ona
• grandfather - otaha
• grandmother - onaha
• brother / cousin - otaua
• sister / cousin - onaua
• boy / son - ota'i
• girl / daughter - ona'i
• man / masculine / male - tlaka
• woman / feminine / female - naka

time

• moment, instant - imahi
• occasion | present, now (yet) - ima
• hour, period - imaha
• day - yoma
• week (7 days) - sema
• month (~30 days) - huama
• season - amahi
• time, year (~365 days) - ama
• era - amaha
• past - amaye
• future - amatli
• always, forever - kuama
• never - amak

prepositions

• pa'e - in / into / during
• paye - across / through
• po'a - behind / after
• tahe - below / under
• kima - like / similar to
• ma'a - with / in company of / using
• ma'ak - without / except
• ma'e - in front of / before
• mina - from / out of / since / of
• na'e - on / on top of
• nya - by (actor / author)
• sana - outside
• hata - by / beside / up to / until
• tsa'e - beyond / past / across
• ua'e - above / over / about / concerning
• uana - there / far / distant
• yane - along / beside
• ita'e - between / among
• ika - to / at / toward
• o'a - opposite / against / in spite of
• oma - around / approximately / close to
• uta - for / in order to / benefiting / on behalf of
• ue - above / over / on

Index

grammar outline | sentences | questions | lexicon | thematic lexicon | writing