Middle High Jermench (MGR): Difference between revisions
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{{Language| | {{Language| | ||
| english = Middle High Jermench | | english = Middle High Jermench | ||
| native = | | native = Iërmenze | ||
| country = Holy Roman Empire | | country = Holy Roman Empire | ||
| nativecountry = | | nativecountry = | ||
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==== 1st Declension ==== | ==== 1st Declension ==== | ||
During the Middle High Jermench period, the reduction of unstressed vowels led to a reanalysis of the final /ə/, which was ultimately present in all forms, as being part of the noun stem. | |||
=====Group I===== | |||
Feminine. | |||
{| | |||
| <div>'''A''' | |||
''Standard paradigm''<br><br> | |||
{{shaded table| title=1st Declension – Group Ia | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– ||– r | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– s | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div>'''B''' | |||
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.'' | |||
{{shaded table| title=1st Declension – Group Ic | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– ||– r | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
==== 2nd Declension ==== | ==== 2nd Declension ==== | ||
=====Group I===== | |||
Masculine. | |||
{| | |||
| <div>'''A''' | |||
''Standard paradigm''<br><br> | |||
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group Ia | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– s||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (e)s¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div>'''B''' | |||
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.'' | |||
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group Ib | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– ||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (es)¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/). | |||
=====Group II===== | |||
Masculine. | |||
{| | |||
| <div>'''A''' | |||
''Standard paradigm''<br><br> | |||
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group IIa | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– s||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– s||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (e)s¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div>'''B''' | |||
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.'' | |||
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group IIb | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– ||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (es)¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/). | |||
=====Group III===== | |||
Masculine. | |||
{| | |||
| <div>'''A''' | |||
''Standard paradigm''<br><br> | |||
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group IIIa | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– s||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (e)s¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div>'''B''' | |||
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.'' | |||
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group IIIb | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (es)¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/). | |||
=====Group IV===== | |||
Masculine. | |||
{| | |||
| <div>'''A''' | |||
''Standard paradigm''<br><br> | |||
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group IVa | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (e)s¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div>'''B''' | |||
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.'' | |||
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group IVb | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹ | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (es)¹ | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/). | |||
==== 3rd Declension ==== | ==== 3rd Declension ==== | ||
=====Group I===== | |||
Feminine. | |||
{| | |||
| <div>'''A''' | |||
''Standard paradigm''<br><br> | |||
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group Ia | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– s||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– s||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||– es | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div>'''B''' | |||
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.'' | |||
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group Ib | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''Nominative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Accusative''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Genitive''||– ||– | |||
|- | |||
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||– es | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/). | |||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
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| ― | | ― | ||
| hom | | hom | ||
| | | illi | ||
| ellas | | ellas | ||
| ― | | ― | ||
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==== Indicative Mood ==== | ==== Indicative Mood ==== | ||
===== | =====Present Tense===== | ||
===== | {| | ||
| <div> | |||
{{shaded table| title=Present | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''1st person''||– ||– (e)ms | |||
|- | |||
|||''2nd person''||– (e)s||– (e)ts | |||
|- | |||
|||''3rd Person''||– (e)z||– (e)ntz | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
===== Preterite ===== | |||
{| | |||
| <div> | |||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (weak) | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''1st person''||̈– e||̈– esems | |||
|- | |||
|||''2nd person''||̈– est||̈– ests | |||
|- | |||
|||''3rd Person''||̈– e||̈– erntz | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div> | |||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (strong)| cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''1st person''||– we||– wems | |||
|- | |||
|||''2nd person''||– weste||– wests | |||
|- | |||
|||''3rd Person''||– we||– werntz | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
==== Subjunctive Mood ==== | ==== Subjunctive Mood ==== | ||
===== | =====Present Tense===== | ||
== | {| | ||
| <div> | |||
{{shaded table| title=Present | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''1st person''||– ||– ems | |||
|- | |||
|||''2nd person''||– es||– ets | |||
|- | |||
|||''3rd Person''||– ez||– entz | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
==== | ===== Preterite ===== | ||
==== | {| | ||
| <div> | |||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (weak) | cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''1st person''||̈– wes||̈– esems | |||
|- | |||
|||''2nd person''||̈– wes||̈– esets | |||
|- | |||
|||''3rd Person''||̈– west||̈– wessentz | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
| <div> | |||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (strong)| cols=4 }} | |||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||
|- | |||
|||''1st person''||– wes||– wessems | |||
|- | |||
|||''2nd person''||– wes||– wessets | |||
|- | |||
|||''3rd Person''||– west||– wessentz | |||
|} | |||
</div> | |||
|} | |||
<br> | |||
==== Auxilliary Verbs ==== | ==== Auxilliary Verbs ==== | ||
====='' | =====''Ëstzer ''(to be)===== | ||
{| | {| | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| <div> | | <div> | ||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite | {{shaded table| title=Preterite | cols=4 }} | ||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 277: | Line 571: | ||
|} | |} | ||
'' | ''Ëstzer'' was used in conjunction with a passive participle to create the passive voice. | ||
=====''Haber ''(to have)===== | =====''Haber ''(to have)===== | ||
Line 294: | Line 588: | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| <div> | | <div> | ||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite | {{shaded table| title=Preterite| cols=4 }} | ||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| <div> | | <div> | ||
{{shaded table| title=Preterite | {{shaded table| title=Preterite | cols=4 }} | ||
|||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | |||||''Singular''||''Plural'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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[[Category:Romance conlangs]] | [[Category:Romance conlangs]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:25, 26 May 2010
Middle High Jermench Iërmenze | |
Spoken in: | Holy Roman Empire |
Conworld: | Mundus Germaniae Romanae |
Total speakers: | unknown |
Genealogical classification: | Indo-European
|
Basic word order: | SVO |
Morphological type: | inflecting |
Morphosyntactic alignment: | nominative-accusative |
Writing system: | |
Created by: | |
P Collier, BP Jonsson | 2006+ |
Introduction
Modern Descendants
Phonology
Consonants
Consonants | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bilabial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||||||||||||
Plosive | p b | t d | k g | ||||||||||||||||
Affricate | p͡f | t͡s | |||||||||||||||||
Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ | x | h | ||||||||||||||
Approximant | w | j | |||||||||||||||||
Trill | r | ||||||||||||||||||
Lateral | l |
Vowels
Vowels | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | ||||||||
High | iː yː | uː | ||||||||||
Near-high | ɪ y | ʊ | ||||||||||
High-mid | e øː | oː | ||||||||||
Mid | ə | |||||||||||
Low-mid | ɛ ø | ɔ ɔː | ||||||||||
Low | æ æː | a aː |
Phonological History
Morphology
Nouns
1st Declension
During the Middle High Jermench period, the reduction of unstressed vowels led to a reanalysis of the final /ə/, which was ultimately present in all forms, as being part of the noun stem.
Group I
Feminine.
A
Standard paradigm
|
B
Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
|
2nd Declension
Group I
Masculine.
A
Standard paradigm
|
B
Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
|
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
Group II
Masculine.
A
Standard paradigm
|
B
Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
|
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
Group III
Masculine.
A
Standard paradigm
|
B
Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
|
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
Group IV
Masculine.
A
Standard paradigm
|
B
Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
|
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
3rd Declension
Group I
Feminine.
A
Standard paradigm
|
B
Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
|
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
Pronouns
Pronouns | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||||||
masculine | feminine | reflexive | impersonal | masculine | feminine | reflexive | ||
1st person | Nominative | ju | ― | ― | nus | ― | ||
Accusative | mei | ― | nus | |||||
Genitive | mi | ― | ― | noster | ― | |||
Dative | möue | ― | ― | nous | ― | |||
2nd person | Nominative | zu | ― | ― | wus | ― | ||
Accusative | zei | ― | wus | |||||
Genitive | twi | ― | ― | wëster | ― | |||
Dative | zöue | ― | ― | wous | ― | |||
3rd person | Nominative | el | elle | ― | hom | illi | ellas | ― |
Accusative | sei | hom | sei | |||||
Genitive | schwi | ― | homs | schwi | ― | |||
Dative | söue | ― | hœme | sis | ― | |||
Interrogative & relative |
Nominative | ki | ― | ― | ki | ― | ||
Accusative | kie | ― | ― | kus | quas | |||
Genitive | köus | quæs | ― | ― | kour | quar | ― | |
Dative | ki | quæ | ― | ― | kius | ― |
Verbs
Indicative Mood
Present Tense
|
Preterite
|
|
Subjunctive Mood
Present Tense
|
Preterite
|
|
Auxilliary Verbs
Ëstzer (to be)
|
|
Ëstzer was used in conjunction with a passive participle to create the passive voice.
Haber (to have)
|
|
Wiener (to come)
|
|
Articles
Definite Article
Definite Article | |||
---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | ||
Nom. sing. | lie | li | |
Acc. sing. | lou | lus | |
Gen. sing. | löus | lour | |
Dat. sing. | löu | lis | |
Nom. plur. | la | las | |
Acc. plur. | la | las | |
Gen. plur. | læs | lour | |
Dat. plur. | læ | lis |
Indefinite Article
Indefinite Article | |||
---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | ||
Nom. sing. | uns | une | |
Acc. sing. | un | une | |
Gen. sing. | unöus | unæs | |
Dat. sing. | unöu | unæ |