Middle High Jermench (MGR): Difference between revisions

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{{Language|
{{Language|
| english = Middle High Jermench
| english = Middle High Jermench
| native = Jërmenech
| native = Iërmenze
| country = Holy Roman Empire
| country = Holy Roman Empire
| nativecountry =
| nativecountry =
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==== 1st Declension ====
==== 1st Declension ====
During the Middle High Jermench period, the reduction of unstressed vowels led to a reanalysis of the final /ə/, which was ultimately present in all forms, as being part of the noun stem.
=====Group I=====
Feminine.
{|
| <div>'''A'''
''Standard paradigm''<br><br>
{{shaded table| title=1st Declension – Group Ia | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Genitive''||– ||– r
|-
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– s
|}
</div>
| <div>'''B'''
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.''
{{shaded table| title=1st Declension – Group Ic | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Genitive''||– ||– r
|-
|||''Dative''||– ||̈–
|}
</div>
|}
<br>


==== 2nd Declension ====
==== 2nd Declension ====
=====Group I=====
Masculine.
{|
| <div>'''A'''
''Standard paradigm''<br><br>
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group Ia | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Genitive''||– s||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (e)s¹
|}
</div>
| <div>'''B'''
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.''
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group Ib | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Genitive''||– ||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (es)¹
|}
</div>
|}
<br>
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
=====Group II=====
Masculine.
{|
| <div>'''A'''
''Standard paradigm''<br><br>
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group IIa | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– s||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Genitive''||– s||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (e)s¹
|}
</div>
| <div>'''B'''
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.''
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group IIb | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Genitive''||– ||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||̈– (es)¹
|}
</div>
|}
<br>
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
=====Group III=====
Masculine.
{|
| <div>'''A'''
''Standard paradigm''<br><br>
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group IIIa | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– s||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (e)s¹
|}
</div>
| <div>'''B'''
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.''
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group IIIb | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (es)¹
|}
</div>
|}
<br>
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).
=====Group IV=====
Masculine.
{|
| <div>'''A'''
''Standard paradigm''<br><br>
{{shaded table| title=2nd Declension – Group IVa | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (e)s¹
|}
</div>
| <div>'''B'''
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.''
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group IVb | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||̈– (e)¹
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Genitive''||̈– (e)¹||– er
|-
|||''Dative''||– ||̈– (es)¹
|}
</div>
|}
<br>
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).


==== 3rd Declension ====
==== 3rd Declension ====
=====Group I=====
Feminine.
{|
| <div>'''A'''
''Standard paradigm''<br><br>
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group Ia | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– s||– s
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||– s
|-
|||''Genitive''||– s||–
|-
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||– es
|}
</div>
| <div>'''B'''
''Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s <br> after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.''
{{shaded table| title=3rd Declension – Group Ib | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''Nominative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Accusative''||– ||–
|-
|||''Genitive''||– ||–
|-
|||''Dative''||̈– (e)¹||– es
|}
</div>
|}
<br>
¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).


=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===
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| colspan="1" | ―
| colspan="1" | ―
| ―
| ―
| colspan="2" | wester
| colspan="2" | wëster
| colspan="1" | ―
| colspan="1" | ―
|-
|-
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| ―
| ―
| hom
| hom
| illî
| illi
| ellas
| ellas
| ―
| ―
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==== Indicative Mood ====
==== Indicative Mood ====


=====1st Conjugation=====
=====Present Tense=====


===== 2nd Conjugation =====
{|
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Present | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''1st person''||– ||– (e)ms
|-
|||''2nd person''||– (e)s||– (e)ts
|-
|||''3rd Person''||– (e)z||– (e)ntz
|}
</div>
|}
<br>
 
===== Preterite =====
 
{|
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (weak) | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''1st person''||̈– e||̈– esems
|-
|||''2nd person''||̈– est||̈– ests
|-
|||''3rd Person''||̈– e||̈– erntz
|}
</div>
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (strong)| cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''1st person''||– we||– wems
|-
|||''2nd person''||– weste||– wests
|-
|||''3rd Person''||– we||– werntz
|}
</div>
|}
<br>


==== Subjunctive Mood ====
==== Subjunctive Mood ====


=====1st Conjugation=====
=====Present Tense=====


===== 2nd Conjugation =====
{|
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Present | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''1st person''||– ||– ems
|-
|||''2nd person''||– es||– ets
|-
|||''3rd Person''||– ez||– entz
|}
</div>
|}
<br>


==== Imperative Mood ====
===== Preterite =====


==== Infinitive and Past Participles ====
{|
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (weak) | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''1st person''||̈– wes||̈– esems
|-
|||''2nd person''||̈– wes||̈– esets
|-
|||''3rd Person''||̈– west||̈– wessentz
|}
</div>
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (strong)| cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|||''1st person''||– wes||– wessems
|-
|||''2nd person''||– wes||– wessets
|-
|||''3rd Person''||– west||– wessentz
|}
</div>
|}
<br>


==== Auxilliary Verbs ====
==== Auxilliary Verbs ====


=====''Estzer ''(to be)=====
=====''Ëstzer ''(to be)=====


{|  
{|  
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|||''1st person''|| sou|| soums
|||''1st person''|| sou|| soums
|-
|-
|||''2nd person''|| es|| ests
|||''2nd person''|| ës|| ësts
|-
|-
|||''3rd Person''|| est|| suntz
|||''3rd Person''|| ëst|| suntz
|}
|}
</div>  
</div>  
| <div>
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (Simple Past) | cols=4 }}
{{shaded table| title=Preterite | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|-
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|}
|}


''Estzer'' was used in conjunction with a passive participle to create the passive voice.
''Ëstzer'' was used in conjunction with a passive participle to create the passive voice.


=====''Haber ''(to have)=====
=====''Haber ''(to have)=====
Line 294: Line 588:
</div>  
</div>  
| <div>
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (Simple Past) | cols=4 }}
{{shaded table| title=Preterite| cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|-
Line 321: Line 615:
</div>  
</div>  
| <div>
| <div>
{{shaded table| title=Preterite (Simple Past) | cols=4 }}
{{shaded table| title=Preterite | cols=4 }}
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|||||''Singular''||''Plural''
|-
|-
Line 374: Line 668:


[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:Indo-European conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 15:25, 26 May 2010

This article is a work in progress.
The contents may be tentative, incomplete, inaccurate, in need of elaboration, subject to later revision, or just plain sketchy.

As a courtesy, if you are not the author of the article, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed.



Middle High Jermench
Iërmenze
Spoken in: Holy Roman Empire
Conworld: Mundus Germaniae Romanae
Total speakers: unknown
Genealogical classification: Indo-European
Romance
Northern-Romance
Middle High Jermench
Basic word order: SVO
Morphological type: inflecting
Morphosyntactic alignment: nominative-accusative
Writing system:
Created by:
P Collier, BP Jonsson 2006+

Introduction

Modern Descendants

Phonology

Consonants


Consonants
Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p   b t   d k   g
Affricate p͡f     t͡s    
Fricative f   v s     z ʃ   x     h
Approximant w j
Trill r
Lateral l


Vowels


Vowels
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High iː   yː uː
Near-high ɪ   y ʊ
High-mid e   øː oː
Mid ə
Low-mid ɛ   ø ɔ   ɔː
Low æ   æː a   aː


Phonological History

Morphology

Nouns

1st Declension

During the Middle High Jermench period, the reduction of unstressed vowels led to a reanalysis of the final /ə/, which was ultimately present in all forms, as being part of the noun stem.

Group I

Feminine.

A

Standard paradigm

1st Declension – Group Ia
Singular Plural
Nominative – – s
Accusative – – s
Genitive – – r
Dative – ̈– s
B

Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.

1st Declension – Group Ic
Singular Plural
Nominative – –
Accusative – –
Genitive – – r
Dative – ̈–


2nd Declension

Group I

Masculine.

A

Standard paradigm

2nd Declension – Group Ia
Singular Plural
Nominative – ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – – s
Genitive – s – er
Dative ̈– (e)¹ ̈– (e)s¹
B

Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.

3rd Declension – Group Ib
Singular Plural
Nominative – ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – –
Genitive – – er
Dative ̈– (e)¹ ̈– (es)¹


¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).

Group II

Masculine.

A

Standard paradigm

2nd Declension – Group IIa
Singular Plural
Nominative – s ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – – s
Genitive – s – er
Dative ̈– (e)¹ ̈– (e)s¹
B

Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.

3rd Declension – Group IIb
Singular Plural
Nominative – ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – –
Genitive – – er
Dative ̈– (e)¹ ̈– (es)¹


¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).

Group III

Masculine.

A

Standard paradigm

2nd Declension – Group IIIa
Singular Plural
Nominative – s ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – – s
Genitive ̈– (e)¹ – er
Dative – ̈– (e)s¹
B

Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.

3rd Declension – Group IIIb
Singular Plural
Nominative – ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – –
Genitive ̈– (e)¹ – er
Dative – ̈– (es)¹


¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).

Group IV

Masculine.

A

Standard paradigm

2nd Declension – Group IVa
Singular Plural
Nominative – ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – – s
Genitive ̈– (e)¹ – er
Dative – ̈– (e)s¹
B

Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.

3rd Declension – Group IVb
Singular Plural
Nominative – ̈– (e)¹
Accusative – –
Genitive ̈– (e)¹ – er
Dative – ̈– (es)¹


¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).

3rd Declension

Group I

Feminine.

A

Standard paradigm

3rd Declension – Group Ia
Singular Plural
Nominative – s – s
Accusative – – s
Genitive – s –
Dative ̈– (e)¹ – es
B

Nouns with loss/assimilation of final -s
after /s/, /z/, or /t͡s/.

3rd Declension – Group Ib
Singular Plural
Nominative – –
Accusative – –
Genitive – –
Dative ̈– (e)¹ – es


¹ Forms arising from primary I-mutation had generally lost their final vowel in OHJ. In nouns that underwent secondary I-mutation in MHJ, the final vowel was retained (and weakened to /ə/).

Pronouns

Pronouns
Singular Plural
masculine feminine reflexive impersonal masculine feminine reflexive
1st person Nominative ju ― ― nus ―
Accusative mei ― nus
Genitive mi ― ― noster ―
Dative möue ― ― nous ―
2nd person Nominative zu ― ― wus ―
Accusative zei ― wus
Genitive twi ― ― wëster ―
Dative zöue ― ― wous ―
3rd person Nominative el elle ― hom illi ellas ―
Accusative sei hom sei
Genitive schwi ― homs schwi ―
Dative söue ― hœme sis ―
Interrogative
& relative 		Nominative ki ― ― ki ―
Accusative kie ― ― kus quas
Genitive köus quæs ― ― kour quar ―
Dative ki quæ ― ― kius ―


Verbs

Indicative Mood

Present Tense
Present
Singular Plural
1st person – – (e)ms
2nd person – (e)s – (e)ts
3rd Person – (e)z – (e)ntz


Preterite
Preterite (weak)
Singular Plural
1st person ̈– e ̈– esems
2nd person ̈– est ̈– ests
3rd Person ̈– e ̈– erntz
Preterite (strong)
Singular Plural
1st person – we – wems
2nd person – weste – wests
3rd Person – we – werntz


Subjunctive Mood

Present Tense
Present
Singular Plural
1st person – – ems
2nd person – es – ets
3rd Person – ez – entz


Preterite
Preterite (weak)
Singular Plural
1st person ̈– wes ̈– esems
2nd person ̈– wes ̈– esets
3rd Person ̈– west ̈– wessentz
Preterite (strong)
Singular Plural
1st person – wes – wessems
2nd person – wes – wessets
3rd Person – west – wessentz


Auxilliary Verbs

Ëstzer (to be)
Present
Singular Plural
1st person sou soums
2nd person ës ësts
3rd Person ëst suntz
Preterite
Singular Plural
1st person düe doums
2nd person düste dusts
3rd Person dus dourntz

Ëstzer was used in conjunction with a passive participle to create the passive voice.

Haber (to have)
Present
Singular Plural
1st person hab habems
2nd person hos habets
3rd Person hous hontz
Preterite
Singular Plural
1st person houwe houwems
2nd person houweste houwests
3rd Person houwt houwerntz
Wiener (to come)
Present
Singular Plural
1st person wien wienems
2nd person wienes wieneszes
3rd Person wienes wienentz
Preterite
Singular Plural
1st person winwe winwems
2nd person winweste winwests
3rd Person wines winwerntz

Articles

Definite Article

Definite Article
Masculine Feminine
Nom. sing. lie li
Acc. sing. lou lus
Gen. sing. löus lour
Dat. sing. löu lis
Nom. plur. la las
Acc. plur. la las
Gen. plur. læs lour
Dat. plur. læ lis

Indefinite Article

Indefinite Article
Masculine Feminine
Nom. sing. uns une
Acc. sing. un une
Gen. sing. unöus unæs
Dat. sing. unöu unæ

Sample Texts

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