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Proto-Kunnu-lūjungo: Difference between revisions

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|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|/m/}} || || || || {{IPA|/n/}} || || || || {{IPA|/ŋ/}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|/m/}} || || || || {{IPA|/n/}} || || || || {{IPA|/ŋ/}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plain Plosive || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|[b]}} || || || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|[d]}} || || || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|[g]}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plain Plosive || {{IPA|/p/}} || {{IPA|[b]}} || || || {{IPA|/t/}} || {{IPA|[d]}} || || || {{IPA|/k/}} || {{IPA|[ɡ]}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Asp. or Gem. Plosive || {{IPA|/pː/}} || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} || || || {{IPA|/tː/}} || {{IPA|/tʰ/}} || || || {{IPA|/kː/}} || {{IPA|/kʰ/}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Asp. or Gem. Plosive || {{IPA|/pː/}} || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} || || || {{IPA|/tː/}} || {{IPA|/tʰ/}} || || || {{IPA|/kː/}} || {{IPA|/kʰ/}}
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|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|/ts/}} || || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/dʒ/}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|/ts/}} || || {{IPA|/tʃ/}} || {{IPA|/dʒ/}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Rhotic || || || || || || {{IPA|/*r/}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Rhotic || || || || || || {{IPA|/*r<sup>1</sup>/}}
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lat. Approximant || || || || || || {{IPA|[l]}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lat. Approximant || || || || || || {{IPA|[l]}}
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</div>
</div>
The exact quality of the rhotic is unknown.
<sup>1</sup>The exact quality of the rhotic is unknown. <br>
The velar nasal is long if intervocalic, and short otherwise.
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">


Line 97: Line 98:


== Romanization ==
== Romanization ==
== Alphabet and pronunciation ==


<p style="text-align: center;">'''A&nbsp;a, B&nbsp;b, C&nbsp;c, D&nbsp;d, E&nbsp;e, F&nbsp;f, G&nbsp;g, H&nbsp;h, I&nbsp;i, J&nbsp;j, K&nbsp;k, L&nbsp;l, M&nbsp;m, N&nbsp;n, O&nbsp;o, P&nbsp;p, Q&nbsp;q, R&nbsp;r, S&nbsp;s, T&nbsp;t, U&nbsp;u, V&nbsp;v, W&nbsp;w, X&nbsp;x, Y&nbsp;y, Z&nbsp;z'''</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">'''A&nbsp;a, B&nbsp;b, Ch&nbsp;ch, D&nbsp;d, E&nbsp;e, F&nbsp;f, G&nbsp;g, H&nbsp;h, I&nbsp;i, J&nbsp;j, K&nbsp;k, Kh&nbsp;kh, Kk&nbsp;kk, L&nbsp;l, Ll&nbsp;ll, M&nbsp;m, N&nbsp;n, Ng&nbsp;ng, Nn&nbsp;nn, O&nbsp;o, Ō&nbsp;ō, Ö&nbsp;ö, P&nbsp;p, Ph&nbsp;ph, Pp&nbsp;pp, R&nbsp;r, S&nbsp;s, Sh&nbsp;sh, Ss&nbsp;ss, T&nbsp;t, Th&nbsp;th, Ts&nbsp;ts, Tt&nbsp;tt, U&nbsp;u, Ū&nbsp;ū, Ü&nbsp;ü, W&nbsp;w, Y&nbsp;y, Z&nbsp;z, Zh&nbsp;zh'''</p>


{| class="aligntop" style="width:80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: top;"
{| class="aligntop" style="width:80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; vertical-align: top;"
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|-
|-
! A a  
! A a  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | ɑ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! B b  
! B b  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | b
|  
|  
|-
|-
! C c
! Ch ch
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | tʃ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! D d  
! D d  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | d
|  
|  
|-
|-
! E e  
! E e  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | e
|  
|  
|-
|-
! F f  
! F f  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | f
|  
|  
|-
|-
! G g  
! G g  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | ɡ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! H h  
! H h  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | h
|  
|  
|-
|-
! I i  
! I i  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | i
|  
|  
|-
|-
! J j  
! J j  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | dʒ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! K k  
! K k  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | k
|
|-
! Kh kh
| class="IPA" | kʰ
|
|-
! Kk kk
| class="IPA" | kː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! L l  
! L l  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | l
|
|-
! Ll ll
| class="IPA" | lː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! M m  
! M m  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | m
|  
|  
|-
|-
! N n  
! N n  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | n
|
|-
! Ng ng
| class="IPA" | ŋ
|
|-
! Nn nn
| class="IPA" | nː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! O o  
! O o  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | o
|
|-
! Ō ō
| class="IPA" | oː
|
|-
! Ö ö
| class="IPA" | ø
|  
|  
|-
|-
! P p  
! P p  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | p
|
|-
! Ph ph
| class="IPA" | pʰ
|  
|  
|-
|-
! Q q
! Pp pp
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | pː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! R r  
! R r  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | *r
|  
|  
|-
|-
! S s  
! S s  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | s
|
|-
! Sh sh
| class="IPA" | ʃ
|
|-
! Ss ss
| class="IPA" | sː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! T t  
! T t  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | t
|
|-
! Th th
| class="IPA" | tʰ
|
|-
! Ts ts
| class="IPA" | ts
|
|-
! Tt tt
| class="IPA" | tː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! U u  
! U u  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | u
|  
|  
|-
|-
! V v
! Ū ū
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | uː
|  
|  
|-
|-
! W w
! Ü ü
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | y
|  
|  
|-
|-
! X x
! W w
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | w
|  
|  
|-
|-
! Y y  
! Y y  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | j
|  
|  
|-
|-
! Z z  
! Z z  
| class="IPA" |  
| class="IPA" | z
|
|-
! Zh zh
| class="IPA" | ʒ
|  
|  
|}
|}
The voiced plosives which are actually allophones of the unvoiced ones, are represented in the romanization.

Revision as of 06:42, 22 April 2010

This article is a work in progress.
The contents may be tentative, incomplete, inaccurate, in need of elaboration, subject to later revision, or just plain sketchy.

As a courtesy, if you are not the author of the article, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed.
Proto-Kunnurūjungo
Pronounced: /-kunːu*ruːdʒuŋːo/
Timeline and Universe:
Species: Human
Spoken:
Total speakers:
Writing system:
Genealogy:
Typology
Morphology: Agglutinative
Morphosyntax: Ergative
Word order: SOV
Credits
Creator: Qwynegold
Created: April 2010

Phonology


Consonants
Bilabial Labiod. Alveolar Post-alv. Velar Glottal
Nasal /m/ /n/ /ŋ/
Plain Plosive /p/ [b] /t/ [d] /k/ [ɡ]
Asp. or Gem. Plosive /pː/ /pʰ/ /tː/ /tʰ/ /kː/ /kʰ/
Plain Fricative /f/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /h/
Long Fricative /sː/
Affricate /ts/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/
Rhotic /*r1/
Lat. Approximant [l]
Long Lat. Approximant [lː]

1The exact quality of the rhotic is unknown.
The velar nasal is long if intervocalic, and short otherwise.

Monophthongs
Front Back
High /i/ /y/ /u/ /uː/
Mid /e/ /ø/ /o/ /oː/
Low /ɑ/
Diphthongs
Front-Front Front-Back Back-Front Back-Back
High /ju/ /juː/ /wi/ /wy/ /wuː/
Mid /je/ /jo/ /joː/ /we/ /ue/ /wø/ /wo/
Opening Low /jɑ/ /wɑ/
Closing Low /ɑi/ /ɑu/

Romanization

A a, B b, Ch ch, D d, E e, F f, G g, H h, I i, J j, K k, Kh kh, Kk kk, L l, Ll ll, M m, N n, Ng ng, Nn nn, O o, Ō ō, Ö ö, P p, Ph ph, Pp pp, R r, S s, Sh sh, Ss ss, T t, Th th, Ts ts, Tt tt, U u, Ū ū, Ü ü, W w, Y y, Z z, Zh zh

Letter Pronunciation
A a ɑ
B b b
Ch ch tʃ
D d d
E e e
F f f
G g ɡ
H h h
I i i
J j dʒ
K k k
Kh kh kʰ
Kk kk kː
L l l
Ll ll lː
M m m
N n n
Ng ng ŋ
Nn nn nː
O o o
Ō ō oː
Ö ö ø
P p p
Ph ph pʰ
Pp pp pː
R r *r
S s s
Sh sh ʃ
Ss ss sː
T t t
Th th tʰ
Ts ts ts
Tt tt tː
U u u
Ū ū uː
Ü ü y
W w w
Y y j
Z z z
Zh zh ʒ

The voiced plosives which are actually allophones of the unvoiced ones, are represented in the romanization.

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