Proto-Samic: Difference between revisions
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==Vowel changes== | ==Vowel changes== | ||
Possibly original [[Proto-Uralic]]: *e → *ɪ / | Possibly original [[Proto-Uralic]]: *e → *ɪ / _Ci (see [[Proto-Uralic/new|*ê]]) | ||
'''Shared with Mordvinic | '''Shared with Finnic & Mordvinic''' | ||
* ë → a | |||
* *i u → | * e → e / _{j w x} (ie. does not become *ɪ → *ɤ) | ||
'''Shared with Mordvinic''' | |||
* ü → i (feeds the next changes) | |||
* i → iː / _{j x} | |||
* u → uː / _{w x} | |||
* i u → ɪ ʊ (*iː *uː remain) (also shared with Nenets!) | |||
'''Remainder''' | '''Remainder''' | ||
* V → Vː / [-HIGH] | * V → Vː / [-HIGH] (also shared with Nenets!) | ||
* eː äː oː → ea aa oa / _C{aː, oː} (note that this *aː is distinct from *ɑː!) | |||
* äː ɑː → eː oː / [+STR] (shared with Finnic) | |||
* aː → eː / [-STR] | |||
* ɪ ʊ → ɤ o (a late change - consider eg the northern Lappland toponym ''*ɤnárɤš'' → Finnish ''Inari'') | |||
<hr> | <hr> | ||
This results in the following inventory: | This results in the following inventory: | ||
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* short vowels */ɤ o/ <ë o> | * short vowels */ɤ o/ <ë o> | ||
The shortening of | The shortening of iː uː → i u and the [[diphthongization]] eː oː → ie uo may postdate Proto-Samic; the former have bimoraic reflexes /ij uv/ in South Samic. | ||
==Consonant changes== | ==Consonant changes== | ||
Revision as of 14:28, 13 November 2009
Vowel changes
Possibly original Proto-Uralic: *e → *ɪ / _Ci (see *ê)
Shared with Finnic & Mordvinic
- ë → a
- e → e / _{j w x} (ie. does not become *ɪ → *ɤ)
Shared with Mordvinic
- ü → i (feeds the next changes)
- i → iː / _{j x}
- u → uː / _{w x}
- i u → ɪ ʊ (*iː *uː remain) (also shared with Nenets!)
Remainder
- V → Vː / [-HIGH] (also shared with Nenets!)
- eː äː oː → ea aa oa / _C{aː, oː} (note that this *aː is distinct from *ɑː!)
- äː ɑː → eː oː / [+STR] (shared with Finnic)
- aː → eː / [-STR]
- ɪ ʊ → ɤ o (a late change - consider eg the northern Lappland toponym *ɤnárɤš → Finnish Inari)
This results in the following inventory:
- long vowels */iː eː ea aː oa oː uː/ <í é ea á oa ó ú>
- short vowels */ɤ o/ <ë o>
The shortening of iː uː → i u and the diphthongization eː oː → ie uo may postdate Proto-Samic; the former have bimoraic reflexes /ij uv/ in South Samic.
Consonant changes
Proto-Uralic to Pre-Samic (≈ "Finno-Volgaic")
- Vx → Vː / _C
- w → ∅ / _{y u o} (shared with Finnic, Mordvinic, Mari)
- j → ∅ / _{i e} (not sure about this)
Pre-Samic to Proto-Samic
- x, ŋ → *w / _t (*xt only occurring in newer derivativs)
- x → k
- ðʲ → ð (also lʲ → l, if it exists separately)
- sʲ <ś> → tɕ <č>
- tʃ ʃ <č š> → ts s <c s>
- ∅ → j / #_eː
- ∅ → v / #_oː (these after the splitting off of *oa *ea)
- w → v (even syllable-finally)
