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| '''Floj Gija Do Tjux''' bed'jo floj felojs'lo okled ''Le Kayd Zenoj'lo'' a ''[[Axis Powers]]''. Si a'noym "floj gija" dali le kayl sir be'felojs floj tjel sjep bajus vsi. Okled le floj vsi felojs'lo, Floj gija do tjux be'daštynci cuslo irje haron yd le kayd a si be'nutahlen cuslo irje haron yd le sok. 72 miljon hišti le sok bed'ahlen, a floj ejek bed'jo floj irje nutahlen ju uankel. Si be'pasklat kha le gad ju Europa, de 1939 ka 1945. | | {| {{prettytable}} |
| | !colspan=4|''stuv = village, town'' |
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| | !Case |
| | !Singular |
| | !Plural |
| | !Dual |
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| | | Nominative || STUV'''E''' || STUV'''Ī'''|| STUV'''ETE''' |
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| | | Genitive || STUV'''U''' || STUV'''ĪU'''|| STUV'''ETU''' |
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| | | Dative || STUV'''AI''' || STUV'''ĪAI'''|| STUV'''ETAI''' |
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| | | Accusative || STUV'''ON''' || STUV'''ĪON'''|| STUV'''ETON''' |
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| | | Instrumental || STUV'''ENE''' || STUV'''ĪENE'''|| STUV'''ETĪNE''' |
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| | | Locative || STUV'''OTE''' || STUV'''ĪOTE'''|| STUV'''ETETE''' |
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| | | Adlative || STUV'''AASE''' || STUV'''ĪĪSE'''|| STUV'''ETAASE''' |
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| | | Delative || STUV'''AATE''' || STUV'''ĪĪTE'''|| STUV'''ETAATE''' |
| | |} |
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| ==Do le troj== | | {| {{prettytable}} |
| Le ''Axis Powers'' bed'jo Dojcland, Italija a Nipon. Le kayd ejek be'vjalskit mirdjel noym'lo ''[[Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis Powers]]'' ju 1937, vis ki si la be'mirdjel li si la bif'goda le kayd zenoj'lo su klis floj.
| | !colspan=4|''mila = woman'' |
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| | !Case |
| | !Singular |
| | !Plural |
| | !Dual |
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| | | Nominative || MILA'''S''' || mila'''j'''|| mila'''t''' |
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| | | Genitive || MILA'''U''' || mila'''ju'''|| mila'''ču''' |
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| | | Dative || MILA'''IAI''' || mila'''jay'''|| mila'''ču''' |
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| | | Accusative || MILA'''UON''' || mila'''joy'''|| mila'''t''' |
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| | | Instrumental || MILA'''IENE''' || mila'''jeyn'''|| mila'''čyn''' |
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| | | Locative || MILA'''IOTE''' || mila'''jyt'''|| mila'''ciw''' |
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| | | Adlative || MILA'''IAASE''' || mila'''jýs'''|| mila'''ču''' |
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| | | Delative || MILA'''IAATE''' || mila'''jýd'''|| mila'''čyn''' |
| | |} |
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| Le Kayd Zenoj'lo bed'jo Britanija Haron, Franca, Bojsitan Sovjet, Le Kayd Bojsitan'lo yd Amerika a Cina. Toge Kanada, Indija, Afrika Šolit, Australija a Zealand Aln bed'jo zenoj'lo. Si la be'troj Cisyrnost Britanik a si la bed'jo le raši yd Britanija Haron. Le kayd bojsitan'lo ijls bed'jo Polna, Ellas a Jugoslavija a le kayd ijls.
| | ====Palatalized declension==== |
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| ==Dali floj be'bolsenj==
| | Some nouns, even if they end with a consonant, follow the vowel declension pattern. In this case their last consonant undergoes ''palatalization'', except for the nominative and genitive in the singular, and for all cases in dual. If there is a long vowel, when palatalization occurs, the vowel gets short. |
| Ju Europa be'fikjo floj ju 1914-1918, ''Floj Gija Is Tjux''. Dojcland be'klinj. After this war, Germany had to give up land and pay money for the damage it did. Areas along the [[Rhine River]] were occupied by France for a time. Germany was told that its [[army]] had to have less than 100,000 men. Germany was not allowed to have an [[air force]] or big ships in its [[navy]]. [[Adolf Hitler]], leader of the [[Nazi Party]], took control of Germany in 1933. He arrested or killed his enemies. He made the German army, navy, and air force larger. He wanted to take land from other countries. He also hated many groups of people including [[Russia]]ns, [[Jew]]s, and people with dark skin. In 1938, Germany threatened [[Czechoslovakia]], a small country, but the Allies did not help. In fact the Britain and France made a deal with Germany, at Munich in September 1938, to take part of Czechoslovakia called the [[Sudetenland]]. Hitler said he would stop attacking, but six months later he attacked again and took all of Czechoslovakia including the capital, [[Prague]]. The Allies, not including the United States, thought [[Poland]] would be the next country Hitler attacked. They promised to help Poland if it was attacked.
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| In Asia, Japan attacked China. To stop the United States defending its islands and other countries in the Pacific Ocean, Japan attacked the naval base on [[Hawaii]] named [[Pearl Harbor]] in December 1941.
| | {| {{prettytable}} |
| | | !colspan=4|''krís = king'' |
| ==Beginning of the War (September 1939 - August 1940)==
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| World War II began on [[September 1]], [[1939]], when [[Germany]] invaded [[Poland]]. In response, [[Britain]] and [[France]] declared war on Germany. In a series of very fast battles, Germany controlled most of Europe by [[1941]], including France. Some French and British soldiers were able to escape from [[Battle of Dunkirk|Dunkirk]], across the [[English Channel]], to Britain.
| | !Case |
| | | !Singular |
| During this time, [[Japan]] was growing its empire to include [[China]] and some of the many islands in the [[Pacific Ocean]].
| | !Plural |
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| ==September 1940 - May 1944== | | |- |
| By September 1940, Hitler controlled large sections of Europe. He hoped that the British would ask for peace, but they did not. German aeroplanes bombed the city of [[London]] to weaken the British. The bombing runs lasted from September 1940 to May 1941, and were called [[The Blitz]]. The British [[Prime Minister]], [[Winston Churchill]], told the residents not to lose hope. By the time The Blitz ended, 27,450 British civilians were killed and the [[Royal Air Force]] lost 1,023 [[aircraft]].
| | | Nominative || AAK'''E'''|| kriš'''y'''|| krís'''et''' |
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| In June 1941, Germany invaded the [[Soviet Union]]. The Soviets joined the Allied Powers. The majority of German forces would spend the war fighting the Soviets. Adolf Hitler planned to capture the Soviet Union and place a [[blockade]] (not letting anything in or out) on Britain, creating a "Fortress Europe" that would be very difficult to invade.
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| The invasion started on [[June 22]], [[1941]]. The German army captured large amounts of Soviet land and encircled [[Siege of Leningrad|Leningrad]]. By December the Germans advanced as far as Moscow, but were stopped by Russian army.
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| On [[December 7]], [[1941]], Japanese fighters attacked an American port in [[Hawaii]] named [[Pearl Harbor]]. On [[December 11]], the Axis Powers declared war on the United States. In [[November]] [[1942]], Allied forces started to land in [[Africa|North Africa]]. The battle fought there, named El Alamein, resulted in an Allied victory and put the Allies very close to Italy.
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| The German war machine needed more [[petroleum|oil]], as Germany only had the relatively small oilfields of [[Romania]] under its control. Therefore in 1942, when the Germans began advancing again in Russia, their target was the oilfields of the [[Caucasus]]. To secure this territory, the Germans needed to take the city of Stalingrad, but they were defeated in the [[Battle of Stalingrad]], which was the turning point of the war. At the same time the Siege of Leningrad was relieved.
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| On [[July 10]], [[1943]], Allied forces landed on the Italian island of [[Sicily]], in an operation named ''Husky''. They were successful in taking the island, and Italy fell shortly after.
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| In the [[Pacific Ocean]], the Japanese empire was getting bigger and bigger. The United States, now at war with the Axis, began to send out ships to attack the Japanese [[navy]]. The result of a large deployment, or sending out, of ships was the famous [[Battle of Midway]] on [[June 4]], [[1942]], which was an American victory. Hoping that Japan was weakened by this defeat, the Americans landed in [[Guadalcanal]] on [[August 7]], 1942. The result was another American victory, and a capture of a very important place. The war was very bad, both economically and socially.
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| ==June 1944 - September 1945==
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| ===The Atlantic Front===
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| As the war went on, the Allies saw that they would need to land in Europe to defeat Germany. They chose a small piece of coastline in France called Normandy for the invasion. On [[June 6]], [[1944]], the Allies invaded Normandy and began the [[Battle of Normandy]], code named Operation Overlord or [[D-Day]]. It was an Allied victory.
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| As the Allies fought to get to [[Berlin]], the capital of Germany, the Germans attacked fiercely to defend their land. The resulting battle was named the [[Battle of the Bulge]], and was an Allied victory. It was the last time in the war that the Germans were able to send a major attack against the Allies. In the spring of [[1945]], the Soviet Red Army closed in on Berlin and captured it, defeating Germany.
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| The Soviet general, [[Georgy Zhukov]] reached Berlin before the Americans, and won an unspoken "contest" between [[General]]s to see who could get to Berlin first. The day that Germany officially surrendered (gave up), [[May 8]], [[1945]], was a day marked with large celebrations. Today, the day is called [[V-E Day]], or "Victory in Europe Day."
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| ===The Pacific Front===
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| After the battles of Midway and Guadalcanal, the Japanese were being pushed slowly out of the Pacific. Many battles were fought in the Pacific. The United States went on an "Island Hopping" campaign to capture small islands that were under Japanese control. Of these small islands came some very large battles, such as [[Battle of Iwo Jima|Iwo Jima]] and [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa]] in 1945. President Harry Truman of the Americans gave the order to drop an [[nuclear bomb|atomic bomb]] on Japan. On [[August 6]], 1945, bombers dropped an atomic bomb on the city of [[Hiroshima]]. Three days later, on [[August 9]], bombers dropped another atomic bomb on the city of [[Nagasaki]]. Only 6 days later, on [[August 15]], Japan surrendered to the Allies. President Truman marked the end of the war on September 2, calling it [[V-J Day]], or "Victory over Japan Day." Today it is sometimes called V-P Day for "Victory in the Pacific."
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| ==Products of the War==
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| The war introduced new [[tactics]], [[strategy|strategies]], and [[technology|technologies]]. Some of the new strategies were the [[Blitzkrieg]] (fast war maneuvers that used tanks, trucks, and planes, German for 'lightning war') and [[aerial assaults]] (use of many [[airplanes]] and [[rockets]]). Another major new technology was [[radar]] (finding airplanes by using radio waves).
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| The war also made weapons with far more killing power. The [[atomic bomb]] was first used by the United States during this war. [[Harry S. Truman|President Truman]] ordered two atomic bombs to be dropped from airplanes on the two Japanese cities of [[Hiroshima]] and [[Nagasaki]]. No atomic weapons have been used in war since then.
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| ==Timeline==
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| * 1931- September 18: [[Japan]] invades the [[Manchuria]] region of [[China]] and set up the [[puppet state]] of [[Manchukuo]].
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| * 1932-1936- Japan and China fought a series of battles in an undeclared war.
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| * 1935- March: [[Germany]] declares military buildup.
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| * 1935- April: [[France]], [[Britain]], and [[Italy]] form the "Stresa Front" which says they will defend [[Austria]]n independence, and will not allow Germany to change the [[Treaty of Versailles]].
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| * 1935- June: Anglo-German Naval Agreement: Britain withdraws from the [[Baltic]], and agrees to a limited German naval buildup. The British naval advantage over Germany is lost by this agreement. Italy regards Britain's act as a violation of the Stresa Front, and in response, Italy begins to plan the invasion of [[Ethiopia]].
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| * 1935- October: Italy invades Ethiopia, using 300-500 tons of [[mustard gas]] against military, civilians, and [[Red Cross]] camps and ambulances.
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| * 1936- May: Italy claims victory in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian [[Emperor]] [[Haile Selassie]] goes into exile in Britain. Ethiopian guerilla resistance continues until Haile Selassie's return on May 5, 1941, still celebrated in Ethiopia as Liberation Day. During Italy's occupation, massive reprisal killings were gradually replaced by a policy of building public works and roads, abolishing slavery, abrogating the feudal laws previously upheld by Ethiopia, and favoring and empowering the non-Christian groups who had supported the invasion. Upon the Emperor's return, these groups like the TPLF, having seen empowerment for the first time under Italian occupation, refused to resort to the previous subservience to the Amhara and the Emperor.
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| * 1936- June: The [[League of Nations]] condemns Italy's actions, and Italy withdraws from the League of Nations.
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| * 1936- November 25: Germany and Japan form the Anti-[[Comintern]] Pact. Germany recognizes Manchukuo.
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| * 1937- July 7: Japan declares war on China. (Second Sino-Japanese War).
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| * 1937- Italy joins the Anti-Comintern Pact
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| * 1939- January 26: [[Francisco Franco]]'s troops, helped by Italy, take [[Barcelona]].
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| * 1939- September 1: Germany invades [[Poland]], starting [[World War II]] in Europe (European War).
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| * 1941- December 7: Japan attacks [[Pearl Harbor]], starting World War II in the Pacific (Pacific War).
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| ==Tabella==
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| {| style="margin-left: 50px; text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
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| !colspan=19 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
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| |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
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| | ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal
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| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || <span style="color: #afafaf;">{{IPA|ɱ}}</span> || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || {{IPA|ɲ}} || || <span style="color: #afafaf;">{{IPA|ŋ}}</span> | | | Genitive || AAK'''U''' || kriš'''u'''|| krís'''etu''' |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}} | | | Dative || AAK'''IAI''' || kriš'''ay'''|| krís'''etu''' |
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| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}} || || || {{IPA|s}} || || {{IPA|ʃ}} || || || || || || {{IPA|h}} | | | Accusative || AAK'''UON''' || kriš'''oy'''|| krís'''et''' |
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| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || || || {{IPA|ʦ}} || || {{IPA|ʧ}} | | | Instrumental || AAK'''IENE''' || kriš'''eyn'''|| krís'''etyn''' |
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| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|j}} | | | Locative || AAK'''IOTE''' || kriš'''yt'''|| krís'''ec''' |
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| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || {{IPA|r}} | | | Adlative || AAK'''IAASE''' || kriš'''ýs'''|| krís'''etu''' |
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| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}} | | | Delative || AAK'''IAATE''' || kriš'''ýd'''|| krís'''etyn''' |
| |} | | |} |
