East-A Altaic': Difference between revisions
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Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]: | Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]: | ||
*ʈ → q | *ʈ → q, ʂ → s | ||
*ʊ → | *ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ | ||
*ɜ → | *ɜ → ∅ (generally) | ||
*loss of | *æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly | ||
*i u → e o / _q(ʷ) | |||
*loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars) | |||
*prenasalization drops | *prenasalization drops | ||
<!-- voicing also in fricativs--> | |||
*ɢ → ʁ → ∅<!--with vowel changes...-->, h | *ɢ → ʁ → ∅<!--with vowel changes...-->, h | ||
*β → v | *β → v | ||
*labialized velars → labial-velars | *labialized velars → labial-velars | ||
* | *stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West | ||
**these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h | |||
**in a few branches also p → f | |||
**labiovelars unaffected | |||
**this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially [[Klusterax]], but possibly also [[Persian']] and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal [[Old Sadabax]]. | |||
*fricativ voicing intervocally | *fricativ voicing intervocally | ||
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses): | A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses): | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
! Labial | ! Labial | ||
Line 24: | Line 31: | ||
! Labial-<br/>velar | ! Labial-<br/>velar | ||
! Uvular /<br/>glottal | ! Uvular /<br/>glottal | ||
|- | |- align="center" | ||
! Voiceless stops | ! Voiceless stops | ||
| p || t || ʧ || k || kp || q | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| align="center" | |||
! Voiced stops | ! Voiced stops | ||
| b || d || ʤ || ɡ || ɡb | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| align="center" | |||
! Voiceless fricativs | ! Voiceless fricativs | ||
| (f) || s || ʃ || (x) || || h | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| align="center" | |||
! Voiced fricativs | ! Voiced fricativs | ||
| v || z || ʒ || (ɣ) | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Nasals | ! Nasals | ||
| m || n || || ŋ || ŋm | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| | |||
| align="center" | |||
! Approximants | ! Approximants | ||
| | | || l || r j || || w | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Lax !! Back | ! !! Front !! Lax !! Back | ||
|- | |-align="center" | ||
! Hi | ! Hi | ||
| i || (ɪ ~ ɨ) || u | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| align="center" | |||
! Mid | ! Mid | ||
| e || ʌ || o | |||
| | |- align="center" | ||
| align="center" | |||
! Lo | ! Lo | ||
| colspan="3 | | colspan="3" | a ~ ɑ | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Earth']] |
Latest revision as of 02:51, 22 July 2009
A more conservativ subfamily of East Altaic', spoken in NW Himalayas.
Some sound changes from Proto-East Altaic':
- ʈ → q, ʂ → s
- ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ
- ɜ → ∅ (generally)
- æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly
- i u → e o / _q(ʷ)
- loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars)
- prenasalization drops
- ɢ → ʁ → ∅, h
- β → v
- labialized velars → labial-velars
- stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West
- these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h
- in a few branches also p → f
- labiovelars unaffected
- this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially Klusterax, but possibly also Persian' and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal Old Sadabax.
- fricativ voicing intervocally
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):
Labial | Dental / alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | Labial- velar |
Uvular / glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless stops | p | t | ʧ | k | kp | q |
Voiced stops | b | d | ʤ | ɡ | ɡb | |
Voiceless fricativs | (f) | s | ʃ | (x) | h | |
Voiced fricativs | v | z | ʒ | (ɣ) | ||
Nasals | m | n | ŋ | ŋm | ||
Approximants | l | r j | w |
Front | Lax | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Hi | i | (ɪ ~ ɨ) | u |
Mid | e | ʌ | o |
Lo | a ~ ɑ |