East-A Altaic': Difference between revisions

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Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]:
Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]:
*ʈ → q
*ʈ → q, ʂ → s
*ʊ → o
*ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ
*ɜ → ʌ
*ɜ → ∅ (generally)
*loss of contrastiv labialization in uvulars
*æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly
*i u → e o / _q(ʷ)
*loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars)
*prenasalization drops
*prenasalization drops
<!-- voicing also in fricativs-->
*ɢ → ʁ → ∅<!--with vowel changes...-->, h
*ɢ → ʁ → ∅<!--with vowel changes...-->, h
*β → v
*β → v
*labialized velars → labial-velars
*labialized velars → labial-velars
*æ ɑ merge
*stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West
**these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h
**in a few branches also p → f
**labiovelars unaffected
**this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially [[Klusterax]], but possibly also [[Persian']] and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal [[Old Sadabax]].
*fricativ voicing intervocally
*fricativ voicing intervocally
*ʂ ʐ → x r


A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):


{|
{|
|-
|
|
! Labial
! Labial
Line 24: Line 31:
! Labial-<br/>velar
! Labial-<br/>velar
! Uvular /<br/>glottal
! Uvular /<br/>glottal
|-
|- align="center"
! Voiceless stops
! Voiceless stops
| align="center" | p
| p || t || ʧ || k || kp || q
| align="center" | t
|- align="center"
| align="center" | ʧ
| align="center" | k
| align="center" | kp
| align="center" | q
|-
! Voiced stops
! Voiced stops
| align="center" | b
| b || d || ʤ || ɡ || ɡb
| align="center" | d
|- align="center"
| align="center" | ʤ
| align="center" | ɡ
| align="center" | ɡb
|-
! Voiceless fricativs
! Voiceless fricativs
| align="center" | (f)
| (f) || s || ʃ || (x) || || h
| align="center" | s
|- align="center"  
| align="center" | ʃ
| align="center" | x ||
| align="center" | h
|-
! Voiced fricativs
! Voiced fricativs
| align="center" | v
| v || z || ʒ || (ɣ)
| align="center" | z
|- align="center"
| align="center" | ʒ
| align="center" | (ɣ)
|-
! Nasals
! Nasals
| align="center" | m
| m || n || || ŋ || ŋm
| align="center" | n ||
|- align="center"
| align="center" | ŋ
| align="center" | ŋm
|-
! Approximants
! Approximants
|
| || l || r &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j || || w
| align="center" | l
| align="center" | r &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j ||
| align="center" | w
|-
|}
|}


{|
{|
|-
! !! Front !! Lax !! Back
! !! Front !! Lax !! Back
|-
|-align="center"
! Hi
! Hi
| align="center" | i
| i || (ɪ ~ ɨ) || u
| align="center" | ɪ
|- align="center"
| align="center" | u
|-
! Mid
! Mid
| align="center" | e
| e || ʌ || o
| align="center" | ʌ
|- align="center"
| align="center" | o
|-
! Lo
! Lo
| colspan="3" align="center" | a ~ ɑ
| colspan="3" | a ~ ɑ
|-
|}
|}
[[Category:Earth']]

Latest revision as of 02:51, 22 July 2009

A more conservativ subfamily of East Altaic', spoken in NW Himalayas.

Some sound changes from Proto-East Altaic':

  • ʈ → q, ʂ → s
  • ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ
  • ɜ → ∅ (generally)
  • æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly
  • i u → e o / _q(ʷ)
  • loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars)
  • prenasalization drops
  • ɢ → ʁ → ∅, h
  • β → v
  • labialized velars → labial-velars
  • stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West
    • these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h
    • in a few branches also p → f
    • labiovelars unaffected
    • this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially Klusterax, but possibly also Persian' and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal Old Sadabax.
  • fricativ voicing intervocally

A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):

Labial Dental /
alveolar
Post-
alveolar
Velar Labial-
velar
Uvular /
glottal
Voiceless stops p t ʧ k kp q
Voiced stops b d ʤ ɡ ɡb
Voiceless fricativs (f) s ʃ (x) h
Voiced fricativs v z ʒ (ɣ)
Nasals m n ŋ ŋm
Approximants l r       j w
Front Lax Back
Hi i (ɪ ~ ɨ) u
Mid e ʌ o
Lo a ~ ɑ