East-A Altaic': Difference between revisions
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m (Proto-East-A Altaic' moved to East-A Altaic': Probably no need for separate family/protolang articles at this stage) |
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Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]: | Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]: | ||
*loss of | *ʈ → q, ʂ → s | ||
* | *ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ | ||
* | *ɜ → ∅ (generally) | ||
* | *æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly | ||
* | *i u → e o / _q(ʷ) | ||
*fricativ voicing | *loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars) | ||
*prenasalization drops | |||
<!-- voicing also in fricativs--> | |||
*ɢ → ʁ → ∅<!--with vowel changes...-->, h | |||
*β → v | |||
*labialized velars → labial-velars | |||
*stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West | |||
**these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h | |||
**in a few branches also p → f | |||
**labiovelars unaffected | |||
**this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially [[Klusterax]], but possibly also [[Persian']] and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal [[Old Sadabax]]. | |||
*fricativ voicing intervocally | |||
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses): | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
! Labial | |||
! Dental /<br/> alveolar | |||
! Post-<br/>alveolar | |||
! Velar | |||
! Labial-<br/>velar | |||
! Uvular /<br/>glottal | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiceless stops | |||
| p || t || ʧ || k || kp || q | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiced stops | |||
| b || d || ʤ || ɡ || ɡb | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiceless fricativs | |||
| (f) || s || ʃ || (x) || || h | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiced fricativs | |||
| v || z || ʒ || (ɣ) | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Nasals | |||
| m || n || || ŋ || ŋm | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Approximants | |||
| || l || r j || || w | |||
|} | |||
{| | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front !! Lax !! Back | |||
|-align="center" | |||
! Hi | |||
| i || (ɪ ~ ɨ) || u | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Mid | |||
| e || ʌ || o | |||
|- align="center" | |||
! Lo | |||
| colspan="3" | a ~ ɑ | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Earth']] |
Latest revision as of 02:51, 22 July 2009
A more conservativ subfamily of East Altaic', spoken in NW Himalayas.
Some sound changes from Proto-East Altaic':
- ʈ → q, ʂ → s
- ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ
- ɜ → ∅ (generally)
- æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly
- i u → e o / _q(ʷ)
- loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars)
- prenasalization drops
- ɢ → ʁ → ∅, h
- β → v
- labialized velars → labial-velars
- stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West
- these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h
- in a few branches also p → f
- labiovelars unaffected
- this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially Klusterax, but possibly also Persian' and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal Old Sadabax.
- fricativ voicing intervocally
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):
Labial | Dental / alveolar |
Post- alveolar |
Velar | Labial- velar |
Uvular / glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Voiceless stops | p | t | ʧ | k | kp | q |
Voiced stops | b | d | ʤ | ɡ | ɡb | |
Voiceless fricativs | (f) | s | ʃ | (x) | h | |
Voiced fricativs | v | z | ʒ | (ɣ) | ||
Nasals | m | n | ŋ | ŋm | ||
Approximants | l | r j | w |
Front | Lax | Back | |
---|---|---|---|
Hi | i | (ɪ ~ ɨ) | u |
Mid | e | ʌ | o |
Lo | a ~ ɑ |