East-A Altaic': Difference between revisions

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Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]:
Some sound changes from [[Proto-East Altaic']]:
*loss of contrastiv labialization in uvulars
*ʈ → q, ʂ → s
*labalized velars → labial-velars
*ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ
*ɜ ʌ
*ɜ → ∅ (generally)
*æ, ɑ ɑ̵
*æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly
*ʊ o
*i u → e o / _q(ʷ)
*fricativ voicing
*loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars)
*ʂ ʐ → x r
*prenasalization drops
*ʈ → q
<!-- voicing also in fricativs-->
*ɢ → ʁ → ∅<!--with vowel changes...-->, h
*β → v
*labialized velars → labial-velars
*stop lenition k q x χ, similar to West
**these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift h
**in a few branches also p f
**labiovelars unaffected
**this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially [[Klusterax]], but possibly also [[Persian']] and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal [[Old Sadabax]].
*fricativ voicing intervocally
 
A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):
 
{|
|-
|
! Labial
! Dental /<br/> alveolar
! Post-<br/>alveolar
! Velar
! Labial-<br/>velar
! Uvular /<br/>glottal
|- align="center"
! Voiceless stops
| p || t || ʧ || k || kp || q
|- align="center"
! Voiced stops
| b || d || ʤ || ɡ || ɡb
|- align="center"
! Voiceless fricativs
| (f) || s || ʃ || (x) || || h
|- align="center"
! Voiced fricativs
| v || z || ʒ || (ɣ)
|- align="center"
! Nasals
| m || n || || ŋ || ŋm
|- align="center"
! Approximants
| || l || r &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; j || || w
|}
 
{|
|-
! !! Front !! Lax !! Back
|-align="center"
! Hi
| i || (ɪ ~ ɨ) || u
|- align="center"
! Mid
| e || ʌ || o
|- align="center"
! Lo
| colspan="3" | a ~ ɑ
|}
 
[[Category:Earth']]

Latest revision as of 02:51, 22 July 2009

A more conservativ subfamily of East Altaic', spoken in NW Himalayas.

Some sound changes from Proto-East Altaic':

  • ʈ → q, ʂ → s
  • ɪ ʊ → ə → ʌ
  • ɜ → ∅ (generally)
  • æ → e, je, ɑ varyingly
  • i u → e o / _q(ʷ)
  • loss of labialized uvulars (merging into labiovelars or plain uvulars)
  • prenasalization drops
  • ɢ → ʁ → ∅, h
  • β → v
  • labialized velars → labial-velars
  • stop lenition k q → x χ, similar to West
    • these generally then collapse to a single phoneme /x/ with a possible allophone [χ] before back vowels; the front allophone may shift → h
    • in a few branches also p → f
    • labiovelars unaffected
    • this change seems to be younger than the Western one by a minimum of 1.5 ka, possibly as much as 3 ka - a slo diffusion thru pre-Altaic' languages of south-central Asia (of especially Klusterax, but possibly also Persian' and extinct families) is possible, but another choice would be "rub-off" from the alternation's systematic employment in acrolectal Old Sadabax.
  • fricativ voicing intervocally

A typical phoneme system is (phonemes only occuring in few languages in parentheses):

Labial Dental /
alveolar
Post-
alveolar
Velar Labial-
velar
Uvular /
glottal
Voiceless stops p t ʧ k kp q
Voiced stops b d ʤ ɡ ɡb
Voiceless fricativs (f) s ʃ (x) h
Voiced fricativs v z ʒ (ɣ)
Nasals m n ŋ ŋm
Approximants l r       j w
Front Lax Back
Hi i (ɪ ~ ɨ) u
Mid e ʌ o
Lo a ~ ɑ