Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

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(→‎*ê: owl)
(split *äx)
Line 109: Line 109:
| F metti- ~ E meikka- || - || meče || - || - || - || - || - || -
| F metti- ~ E meikka- || - || meče || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="11" | *e_i in *ê-system (all long or difthongal?)
! colspan="11" | *e_i in *ê-system (all long or difthongal? see also [[Proto-Uralic/Ä|*äx]])
|-
|-
| "to cook"
| "to cook"
Line 142: Line 142:
| *velji || *véljɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *velji || *véljɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Short! ← IE?
| Short! ← IE?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="11" | *äx_i = F, S *ee, Smy. *eə, elsewhere per *ä
<!-- |-
| "nose"
| - || *nérɤ || *ńäŕ || *ner || *nɯr || - || - || '''*niir''' || '''*ńärə'''
| Just *när?-->
|-
| "tongue"
| *keeli || *kélɤ || *käĺ || *kəl || *kɯl || - || *kääl || *kööl || *keəj
|-
| "broth"
| *leemi || *lémɤ || *ĺäm || *lem || U. lɯm ~ K. '''ĺem''' || lee || *lääm || - || -
|-
| "mind"
| *meeli || *mélɤ || *mäĺ || - || *mɯl || - || - || - || -
|-
| "side"
| *veeri || *vérɤ || *väŕä || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to swallo"
| *neele- || *ńélɤ- || '''ńiĺe-''' || *nela- || *ńɯl(ɯ)- <!-- -M in Komi-->|| '''ńel-''' || *ńääl- || *ńeel- || '''*nɤl-'''
|-
| "rope"
| *kewti || *kévðɤ || - || - || U. kal ~ K. kɤl || - || *kääləɣ || *kööləɣ || *kürə
| *-xwð- ??
|-
| "fine, thin"
| *heeno || - || - || - || K. dženɯt || - || - || - || -
| Weak; ambiguous.
|-
| ""
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||

Revision as of 04:39, 13 July 2009

Two newly proposed vowels for PU.

  • *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
  • *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;

Again, bold marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), red consonantal.

  • Permic *aa *oo *ɤɤ = /o (v)o (v)ɤ/ in Komi, /a u ɯ/ in Udmurt
    • In Komi, /v/ appears initially

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wöör *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veti - veď *wööt U. vu ~ K. va viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE?
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- U. mɯnɯ- ~ K. mun- mën- *min- *men- *mên-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüe- K. lɯj- löv- *li- - *jöw- WTF. *lêxi? *lêwi?
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *víkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɯ)- vi- *wi- *we- - *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤké - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II?
"honey" *meti - meď *müj U. mu ~ K. ma meez - - - ← II?
"2" *kakti *kókté kavta kok *kɯk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä FV *kakta
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *köör *koor keerëg *kiir *käär *kêti ObU *kEr
"skin" *keti *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - - Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - -
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - -
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ - - *koos - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɯ- - - - -
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - Cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
*e_i in *ê-system (all long or difthongal? see also *äx)
"to cook" - - pije- - K. pu- (föö-) *paaj- - *pi- *pexi; cf. *pêsi !
"matter" - *séjɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"mushroom" *seeni *čáná - *šeen U. śeńki - *šiinəɣ *säänəɣ - *śexni, ObU *šEnəɣ
"to drink" *seemV- - śime- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"girl" *nej-ti *néjtɤ ni - *nɯl - *nii *niiŋ *nê ObU *nEŋ
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *léwlɤ - - *lool leelek *liil *liil - ObU *lEl
"brother" *velji *véljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE? ""
*ê_a & such
"alder" *leppä *leapé ĺepä - - - - - - ← B.
"corn" *jüvä - juv - U. ju ~ K. jɯki - - - - ← IE *jewa (Avestan yava etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
"to dodge" - *kɤrvé- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- -
"to cook" - *pɤsé- - - *pɤɤž- (föö-) *piit- *pääɬ- - ObU *pEɬ
"glue" *tümä *ðɤmé - - *ĺem - - - *jêmä
"heart" *sütäm *čɤðém śedeɲ *šüm U. śulem ~ K. śɤlɤm siiv *šim *sem *sejə
"man" *ürkä - - *erɣe - -ër - - -
*ü_a (for comparision)
"to push" *lükkä- - - - - lök- *lük- *lök- -
"thick" - *kɤsé - *kööžgə *kɯz - - *köɬ -
"elbow" *küünärä *kɤrńélé keńeŕ *kəńer *gɯr(dža) köńök *küŋgəl *köń-ŋääj -
"with" *möö *mɤŋé- mej *möŋgə K. mɯ- mög- - - -
"wart" *süklä *čivlé śiĺge *šəɣəĺe - süĺ - - -
"village" *külä *kɤlɤj - - - - *kül - -
"side" *sürjä - šiŕä - - - - - -
"ripe" *küpsä IS kopša - *kiś- - - - - -
"to stay" *püsä- - pezo- pižä- - - - - - Cf. *pista-
"holy" *pühä *pɤsé peže-
"good" *hüvä *sɤvé čiva - *šaań - - - - Hi. šu "healthy" prob. doesn't belong
"cold" *külmä *kɤlmé keĺme *kəlmə *kɯnmɯ - - - -
"to push" *süsä- *sɤskɤ- - *šööška- - - - - -
"to gnaw" *jürä- - - - U. jir ~ K. jɯr - - - -
"to plow" *küntä- - - *künče- - - - - -
West *ê; East ??
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - U. śij ~ K. śoj ëv- *tää- *ɬii- - Sibilant mismatch
West *e; East *ê
"to sell" *müü- *mékɤ- mije- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi
"nest" *pesä *peasé pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"thumb" *peukalo *pealké päĺkä - U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pev - - - *pêj ZERO regularity.

*ô_i
"3" *kolme *kolmɤ kolmo *kɤɤm U. kwiń ~ K. kujim haarom *kuurəm *kooləm -
"minor river" *joki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *ju joo *jɯɯɣɯɯ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
"dry" *koski koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- U. kwaś ~ K. koś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"bow" *jouci *jóksɤ joŋks *jaaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"bosom" *povi póŋɤ Er. poŋgo ~ Mk. pov Hi. poŋgəš ~ Me. poməš *pi - *puut *poɣəl -
"snot" *nolki *snólkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"wet" *loppa - lopa-vto- *lɤɤp K. lap - - - -
"stick" *ponti - ponda *paanðə U. pud ~ K. bed - - - -
"to sieve" *pohti- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *olki - olgo - - - - - -
"valley" *lotma - ložmo - - - - - - Phonotax non-Uralic
"to sink" *lonteh - londado- - - - - - -
"shameful; lazy" *nolo - nola - - - - - -
*ô_a
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń U. mon ~ K. me een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *tinä *ton ton *tiń U. ton ~ K. te te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lonté - *lɤɤðə - luud *luuntə *låånt -
"sleeve" *hija *soajé *sooj ujj *tɯɯjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsé oža sokš
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola Me. nolo U. ńɤl ~ K. ńɯla - *ńol *ńal -
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *låwt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤro- kor- - - - *kår- *koorəm *kərä-
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤco- - - *vušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- -
"skin" *iho *ɤsé jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - -
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- šüðüš - - - - -
"to pluck" *kitko- *kɤské- kočko- - - - - - -
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjé- šova- *šɤɤme- - - - - -
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *sika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
""