Proto-Samoyedic: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
Soundchanges from [[Proto-Uralic]]:
Soundchanges from [[Proto-Uralic]]:


==Proto-Uralic to Proto-East Uralic==
==Proto-Uralic to Proto-Ugric==
These sound changes appear to be shared with Ugric.
It appears that all of the shared Ugric innovations are also applicable to Samoyedic.
* *ðʲ → *lʲ (further shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ])
* *k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_i (all eventually lost in Smy; Permic is similar here, too)
* *s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?)
* *s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?)
* *sʲ → *s (possibly also: *tsʲ → *ts)
* *sʲ → *s
* *ðʲ → *lʲ (shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ])
* *Ck, kC → *ɣC? / C = *θ, *s (no direct evidence of this belonging together due to later loss; in Smy this process also applies to C = *t, *č)
* *k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_ə (all eventually lost)
* *ɤ → *ɯ / _C(C)a (most general condition; also in ''*ëni, *lëmpi''; exceptions ''*tëka, *lëpa'' (FSM vs. Smy only), ''*ëńa'')
* *Ck, kC → *ɣC? / C = *θ, *s (no direct evidence due to later loss)
* perhaps some other vowel splits? (if not rather Finno-Permic mergers)


==Proto-East Uralic to Proto-Samoyedic==
==Proto-Ugric to Proto-Samoyedic==
* *ŋ → *n / _θ (''*jOŋsi'')
* *x → *ə (probably common Uralic, but tends to disappear elsewhere)
* *m → *p / _θ ? (''*pImsimi'')
* *e → *i / _C(C)a (shared with Mansi)
* *θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous — *mt *ŋt remain)
* *ŋ → *n / _θ (''*jOŋsi'' only)
* *ts → *s ?
* *m → *p / _θ ? (''*pImsimi'' only; fairly ''ad hoc'' cluster)
* *x → *ə (probably common Uralic)
* *θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous two — *mt *ŋt remain)
* *o → *a (feeds fronting to *ä in "some" cases; *tolwa → *tälwä, *tåjwä both)
* *tsʲ → *s
* *o → *a (feeds fronting to *ä in some cases; ''*tolwa'' → *tälwä, *tåjwä both)
* *ü → *i (feeds the next)
* *ü → *i (feeds the next)
* *i, *u → *ə / _Ca (block'd by an original cluster)
* *i, *u → *ə / _Ca (block'd by an original cluster, possible exception ''*kurki'' → *kərö)
* *e → *i / _C(C)a
* *u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, block'd by an original cluster, exception ''*kulki-'' → *kəj-)
* *ɤ → *ɯ / _Ca (sometimes elsewhere: ''*ëni, *lëmpi'')
* *u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, block'd by an original cluster, exceptions: *kulki → *kəj)
(an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes!)
(an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes!)
* *l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)#
* *l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)#
** Word-initial development is clear, tho exceptions happen (*lëpsi)
** Word-initial development is clear, tho exceptions happen (''*lëmpi, *lëmti, *lëpa, *lëpsi'' - all back unrounded?)
** *lw → *jw is clear. *ilm → *əjm may involve palatalization, as may *lki → *j.
** *-lw- → *-jw- is clear
** *li → *j may be due to coda position or palatalization
** *-lt-, *-alm- unchanged (''*kulta-, *kalma''; both potential derivativs)
* possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i
** *-ilm- → *-əjm-, *-lki → *-j and *-li → *-j may be due to coda position or palatalization
* possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i (no phonemical significance)
* *ä → *e ([ɛ] or [e]? depends on the previous)
* *ä → *e ([ɛ] or [e]? depends on the previous)
* *a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere)
* *a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere)
* *a → *a [ɑ]? / finally after a lateral, after front vowels (sometimes elsewhere)
* Unstress'd (generally, final) vowels:
* *a → *ə / sometimes stem-finally (''*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora'')
** *a → *a [ɑ]? / after front vowels or a lateral (sometimes elsewhere)
* *a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere
** *a → *ə / sometimes (''*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora'')
* *i → *ə / _# (perhaps not feasible as PEU per palatalization of *l)
** *a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere
* *ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions ''*juri, *sʲüðʲi'')
** *i → *ə / _# (perhaps not feasible as PUg per palatalization of *l)
* *ɣ → ∅
** *ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions ''*juri, *sʲüðʲi'')
* *k → ∅ / _C_ (except *-ŋk-) (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. *w-loss)
* *w → *m / _lʲ ? (''*käðʲwa'')  
* *lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next)
* *lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next)
* *i → *ə / _j
* *i → *ə / _j
* *ð → *r
* *ð → *r
* *e → *ü / _Cw (''*käðwi, *jäwji''; but not in ''*täwði'')
* *e → *ü / _Cw (''*käðwi, *jäwji''; but not in ''*täwði''?)
* *w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; ''*jäwji, *käliw, *täwði'', etc. Remains *täwiw → *tiwə, also in *jw)
* *w → *m / _lʲ ? (''*käðʲwa'' only)
* *ɣ → ∅
* *k → ∅ / _C_ (except *-ŋk-) (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. next)
* *w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; ''*jäwji, *käliw, *täwði'', etc. Remains ''*täwiw'' → *tiwə, also in *-jw- of either origin (suggesting interm. *ɣ?))

Revision as of 23:35, 6 July 2009

Soundchanges from Proto-Uralic:

Proto-Uralic to Proto-Ugric

It appears that all of the shared Ugric innovations are also applicable to Samoyedic.

  • *ðʲ → *lʲ (further shared with Permic; possibly a pseudo-sound change, the case for PU *lʲ is weak, and this may point to *ðʲ being [lʲ])
  • *k, *x, *w → ɣ / V_i (all eventually lost in Smy; Permic is similar here, too)
  • *s, *š → *θ ([ɬ]?)
  • *sʲ → *s
  • *Ck, kC → *ɣC? / C = *θ, *s (no direct evidence of this belonging together due to later loss; in Smy this process also applies to C = *t, *č)
  • *ɤ → *ɯ / _C(C)a (most general condition; also in *ëni, *lëmpi; exceptions *tëka, *lëpa (FSM vs. Smy only), *ëńa)
  • perhaps some other vowel splits? (if not rather Finno-Permic mergers)

Proto-Ugric to Proto-Samoyedic

  • *x → *ə (probably common Uralic, but tends to disappear elsewhere)
  • *e → *i / _C(C)a (shared with Mansi)
  • *ŋ → *n / _θ (*jOŋsi only)
  • *m → *p / _θ ? (*pImsimi only; fairly ad hoc cluster)
  • *θ → *t (counterbleeds the previous two — *mt *ŋt remain)
  • *tsʲ → *s
  • *o → *a (feeds fronting to *ä in some cases; *tolwa → *tälwä, *tåjwä both)
  • *ü → *i (feeds the next)
  • *i, *u → *ə / _Ca (block'd by an original cluster, possible exception *kurki → *kərö)
  • *u → *o / _Ci (counterfeeds *o → *a, block'd by an original cluster, exception *kulki- → *kəj-)

(an inefficiently asymmetric set of sound changes!)

  • *l → *lʲ / _C, _#_, _i(C)#
    • Word-initial development is clear, tho exceptions happen (*lëmpi, *lëmti, *lëpa, *lëpsi - all back unrounded?)
    • *-lw- → *-jw- is clear
    • *-lt-, *-alm- unchanged (*kulta-, *kalma; both potential derivativs)
    • *-ilm- → *-əjm-, *-lki → *-j and *-li → *-j may be due to coda position or palatalization
  • possibly: *e → *ɪ / _C(C)i (no phonemical significance)
  • *ä → *e ([ɛ] or [e]? depends on the previous)
  • *a → *ä [æ]? / before a coda palatal (sometimes elsewhere)
  • Unstress'd (generally, final) vowels:
    • *a → *a [ɑ]? / after front vowels or a lateral (sometimes elsewhere)
    • *a → *ə / sometimes (*jupta, *konta, *kuma, *sʲala, *sʲoðʲa, *tora)
    • *a → *å [ɒ] / elsewhere
    • *i → *ə / _# (perhaps not feasible as PUg per palatalization of *l)
    • *ə → ∅ / VC_# (postcedes x-vocalization, exceptions *juri, *sʲüðʲi)
  • *lʲ → *j (counterbleeds *a → *ä, feeds the next)
  • *i → *ə / _j
  • *ð → *r
  • *e → *ü / _Cw (*käðwi, *jäwji; but not in *täwði?)
  • *w → *m / _lʲ ? (*käðʲwa only)
  • *ɣ → ∅
  • *k → ∅ / _C_ (except *-ŋk-) (counterbleeds *ə → ∅, cf. next)
  • *w → ∅ / in a 2nd syllable (counterbleeds *ə → ∅; *jäwji, *käliw, *täwði, etc. Remains *täwiw → *tiwə, also in *-jw- of either origin (suggesting interm. *ɣ?))
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Proto-Samoyedic&oldid=47060"