Dal'qörian nouns: Difference between revisions
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* '''televizian'''-''television'' '''televizianel'''-''televisions'' | * '''televizian'''-''television'' '''televizianel'''-''televisions'' | ||
* '''ninÞi'''-''night'' '''ninÞiel'''-''nights'' | * '''ninÞi'''-''night'' '''ninÞiel'''-''nights'' | ||
=='''Compound Nouns'''== | |||
Until quite recently (and to some extent, still in usage), Dalcurian compound nouns were formed either with the possessive '''qve''' or the genitive '''dis/nis'''. | |||
'''Qve''' was used if the noun being spoken of was general, ie not identified: | |||
* '''dalmanj qve Þradäjel''' ''door handle''' lit''handle of doors'' | |||
** '''Binä gä'nemör ''ni dalmanj qve Þradäjel'''''. ''I bought '''a door handle'''''. | |||
Note that ''doors'' is plural; this is what denotes the generalization. If I bought many door handles then I would say: | |||
* '''Binä gä'nemör ''émø dalmanjel qve Þradäjel'''. ''I bought '''some door handles'''''. lit: ''I bought some '''handles''' of doors''. | |||
The genitive would be used if I wanted to talk about a specific door handel: | |||
* '''di dalmanj dis Þradäj''' ''the door handle'' lit: ''the handle '''of the''' door'' | |||
** '''Binä gä'peliacr di dalmanj dis Þradäj'''. ''I replaced the door handle''. | |||
Some examples: | |||
* '''ni ecörämös qve penjel''' ''(a) headache''' lit: ''an ache of heads'' | |||
** '''di ecörämös dis penj''' ''the headache'' | |||
*** '''di ecörämös dis penj binöra''' ''my headache'' | |||
Revision as of 03:49, 3 July 2009
Noun forms
There are 5 classifications of noun in Dalcurian:
Tangible nouns
These are mainly nouns that are physical; can be felt, seen and touched. These always end in j (with some exceptions):
- gadöraj dog
- ádecödrij accessory
- ratäj deer
- fosetaj tap
- sáj man
Verb-derivative nouns
These are nouns formed from an infinitive and have the characteristic ending ämös:
- amör-to love amörämös-love
- ölegár-to order ölgarämös-order/instruction
- quatésr-to confess quatésrämös-confession
These are nouns that have an adjectival relative but no verbal relative. They take the charactaristic ending ámn:
- nistelæÞ-dejected nistelæÞámn-dejection
- incatröli-lawful incatröliámn-law
- Þravætas-gravitational Þravætasámn-gravity
Stative nouns
These are nouns that depict someone or something as having an attribute, such as: profession, religion, nationality etc, and typically take the ending átsi:
- incatrolátsi-police (this is a plural noun by default)
- reparesenátsi-ambassador
- stæmátsi-anarchist
- Estöna-Estonia Estönátsi-Estonian
- Anglæána-England Anglæánátsi-English
- qaÞolianámn-catholosism qaÞolianátsi-catholic
General nouns
These are nouns which take no ending, and have no verbal or adjectival relative:
- vönæÞ-address
- ädaquatic-antiquity
- stöndæ-hour
Gerunds
In English, a gerund is the present participle acting as a noun. These are recognizable in the following instances:
Non finite clauses:
- The running of the country is an unenviable task.
- The recording of an album can be a costly effort.
After prepositions
- I've warned you about running in the corridor!
- The police warned us against going into the building.
The verb acting as a subject/object
- I like swimming. (direct object)
- Swimming is fun. (subject)
The gerund preceeded by a genitive
- We enjoyed their singing.
For the most part, a Dalcurian gerund is rendered with the infinitive and the preposition te-to:
- Te qalegør ni qalegørämös näocr stætaröpas vädenár. The recording of a record can be expensive.
- Te valcr 20 minötel iádasas, öcra di läbendéj, éagöra. Walking 20 minutes per day is good for the heart.
- Te øélár andri nörasábel máriÞ vendábrämösel disiri tamørämös. Laughing at disabled people is very ignorant.
With prepositions, te attaches to the verb by high apostrophe:
- Minäla, rödn te'vaÞr am amnistráÞ, gä'vonlétr minöra. We were warned about running in the corridor. Lit: They, over to run in the corridor, warned us.
- Di incatrolátsi, stæcamä te'gör amte prodnæj, gä'béÞamr minöra. The police advised us against going into the building. Lit: The police, against to go into the building, advised us.
Where a verb acts as an object, this is simply given as a pure infinitive:
- Binä iqur svemör. I like swimming. Lit: I like to swim.
If the verb has an actual noun, then this can also be used with an article:
- Ni svemörämös di agöepedandrädn ebian qve binöra. Swimming is my favourite hobby. Lit: A swim is my favourite hobby.
With Genitives
These kinds of gerunds are not translatable in Dalcurian. For example:
- We liked her singing-singing is not a noun in Dalcurian. One may reformulate the sentence as:
- Ména gä'iqur di gäba,, vöes sia gä'löigár. We liked the way she sang.
Plurals
The Dalcurian noun simply adds el to form plurals. Nouns ending in a flat a remove their final vowel:
- áda-day ádel-days
- abödä-house abödäel-houses
- televizian-television televizianel-televisions
- ninÞi-night ninÞiel-nights
Compound Nouns
Until quite recently (and to some extent, still in usage), Dalcurian compound nouns were formed either with the possessive qve or the genitive dis/nis.
Qve was used if the noun being spoken of was general, ie not identified:
- dalmanj qve Þradäjel' door handle lithandle of doors
- Binä gä'nemör ni dalmanj qve Þradäjel. I bought a door handle.
Note that doors is plural; this is what denotes the generalization. If I bought many door handles then I would say:
- Binä gä'nemör émø dalmanjel qve Þradäjel. I bought some door handles. lit: I bought some handles of doors.
The genitive would be used if I wanted to talk about a specific door handel:
- di dalmanj dis Þradäj the door handle lit: the handle of the door
- Binä gä'peliacr di dalmanj dis Þradäj. I replaced the door handle.
Some examples:
- ni ecörämös qve penjel' (a) headache lit: an ache of heads
- di ecörämös dis penj the headache
- di ecörämös dis penj binöra my headache
- di ecörämös dis penj the headache
