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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
Carune has seven vowel phonemes and eighteen consonant phonemes.


<br/>
===Vowels===
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
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| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || || || || || || || || || {{IPA|u}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || i || || || || || || || || || u
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || || || || || || || || ||  
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || || || || || || || || ||  
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || {{IPA|e}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|o}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || e || || || || || || || o
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || ||
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || {{IPA|ɛ}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɔ}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || e || || || || || || || o
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || ||
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || {{IPA|a}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || a
|}
|}
</div>
</div>
<br/>
 
===Consonants===
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
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| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || {{IPA|ɲ}} || ||
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || m || || || || || || n || || || || gn || ||
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || p || b || || || || || t || d || || || || || c(h) || g(h)
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}} || || || {{IPA|s}} || || {{IPA|ʃ}} || || || || || ||  
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || f || v || || || s || || || || || || || ||  
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || {{IPA|ts}} || || || || || || {{IPA|tʃ}} || {{IPA|dʒ}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || z || || || || || || c(i) || g(i)
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || {{IPA|r}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || r
|-
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || {{IPA|l}} || || || || {{IPA|ʎ}}
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || l || || || || gl
|}
|}
</div>
</div>


[[Category:Conlangs]]
===Notes===
<e> is realized as [{{IPA|e}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>OE Ē I</tt> and as [{{IPA|ɛ}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>AE E</tt>. Stressed <e> is [{{IPA|ɛ}}]. <o> is realized as [{{IPA|o}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>AU Ō U</tt> and as [{{IPA|ɔ}}] when it descends from Latin <tt>O</tt>. Stressed <o> is [{{IPA|ɔ}}].
 
<c> is realized as [k] before <a o u>, and as [tʃ] before <nowiki><i e></nowiki>. <g> is realized as [g] before <a o u>, and as [dʒ] before <nowiki><i e></nowiki>. <ch> is always [k], and <gh> is always [g]. <ci gi> before <a o u> are realized as affricates without pronouncing <nowiki><i></nowiki>. Multiple vowels are usually realized as diphthongs.
 
===Stress===
Stress in Carune may be unmarked or marked. Marked stress is shown by a grave accent, e.g. '''parlarì''' [parlaˈri]. Unmarked stress falls as follows:
 
* If the word ends in a vowel or '''n''', stress falls on the penultimate syllable, e.g. '''parlare''' [parˈlare].
* Otherwise, stress falls on the ultimate syllable.
 
===Allophony===
There are three main allophonic variations that occur in spoken Carune:
 
* word-final /a/ is realized as [{{IPA|ǝ}}] in polysyllabic words where it is unstressed, e.g. '''vita''' "life" /ˈvita/ realized as [ˈvitǝ]
* intervocalic /s/ is often realized as [z], e.g. '''usare''' "use" /uˈsar{{IPA|ɛ}}/ realized as [uˈzar{{IPA|ɛ}}]
* intervocalic /ts/ is generally realized as [dz], e.g. '''sezi''' "sixteen" /s{{IPA|ɛ}}tsi/ realized as [s{{IPA|ɛ}}dzi]
 
It should also be noted that word-final -'''e''' often elides when unstressed, especially before a vowel.
 
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:A posteriori conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 14:04, 23 June 2009


Carune
Pronounced: /karune/
Timeline and Universe: none
Species: Human
Spoken: Carune
Total speakers: 23 million
Writing system: Latin
Genealogy: Indo-European

 Italic
  Romance
   Italo-Western
    Italo-Dalmation

     Carune
Typology
Morphological type: inflecting, fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment: Accusative-Dative
Basic word order: SVO
Credits
Creator: Sectori
Created: December 2005

Carune was my first, pitiful attempt at a romlang. It has since seen two major revisions. This page reflects the most recent version of Carune starting at the top and moving down as I revise it.

Phonology

Carune has seven vowel phonemes and eighteen consonant phonemes.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High i u
Near-high
High-mid e o
Mid
Low-mid e o
Near-low
Low a

Consonants

Consonants
Bilabial Labiod. Dental Alveolar Post-alv. Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n gn
Plosive p b t d c(h) g(h)
Fricative f v s
Affricate z c(i) g(i)
Trill r
Lateral Approximant l gl

Notes

<e> is realized as [e] when it descends from Latin OE Ē I and as [ɛ] when it descends from Latin AE E. Stressed <e> is [ɛ]. <o> is realized as [o] when it descends from Latin AU Ō U and as [ɔ] when it descends from Latin O. Stressed <o> is [ɔ].

<c> is realized as [k] before <a o u>, and as [tʃ] before <i e>. <g> is realized as [g] before <a o u>, and as [dʒ] before <i e>. <ch> is always [k], and <gh> is always [g]. <ci gi> before <a o u> are realized as affricates without pronouncing <i>. Multiple vowels are usually realized as diphthongs.

Stress

Stress in Carune may be unmarked or marked. Marked stress is shown by a grave accent, e.g. parlarì [parlaˈri]. Unmarked stress falls as follows:

  • If the word ends in a vowel or n, stress falls on the penultimate syllable, e.g. parlare [parˈlare].
  • Otherwise, stress falls on the ultimate syllable.

Allophony

There are three main allophonic variations that occur in spoken Carune:

  • word-final /a/ is realized as [ǝ] in polysyllabic words where it is unstressed, e.g. vita "life" /ˈvita/ realized as [ˈvitǝ]
  • intervocalic /s/ is often realized as [z], e.g. usare "use" /uˈsarɛ/ realized as [uˈzarɛ]
  • intervocalic /ts/ is generally realized as [dz], e.g. sezi "sixteen" /sɛtsi/ realized as [sɛdzi]

It should also be noted that word-final -e often elides when unstressed, especially before a vowel.

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