Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions
From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
mNo edit summary |
(more e_i) |
||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
! Comments | ! Comments | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="11" | *ê_i (*e_i ?) | ! colspan="11" | *ê_i (std. *e_i ?) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to fear" | | "to fear" | ||
| *pel-kä- || *pɤlɤ- || peĺe- || - || pul- || pol- || feel- || *pil- || * | | *pel-kä- || *pɤlɤ- || peĺe- || - || pul- || pol- || feel- || *pil- || *pel- || *pêj- | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "blood" | | "blood" | ||
| Line 27: | Line 27: | ||
| ← IE | | ← IE | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "skin" | | rowspan="2" valign="center"| "skin" | ||
| *keti || *kɤtɤ || keď || - || - || - || - || - || - || * | | rowspan="2" valign="center"| *keti || *kɤtɤ || rowspan="2" valign="center"| keď | ||
| - || - || - || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| - || - || kiĺ || kiĺ || - || *kääĺən || - || - | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to hit" | | "to hit" | ||
| Line 49: | Line 52: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "to cook" | | "to cook" | ||
| - || *pɤsé- || - || - || pɯž- || pɤž- || föö- || '''*piit-''' || '''*pääɬ-''' || - | | - || *pɤsé- || - || - || pɯž- || pɤž- || (föö-) || '''*piit-''' || '''*pääɬ-''' || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "skin" | | "skin" | ||
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || kər || kur || kor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || | | *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || kər || kur || kor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || *kêti | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "middle" | | "middle" | ||
| Line 66: | Line 69: | ||
| "feather" | | "feather" | ||
| *hewhen || *sɤwsɤm || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - | | *hewhen || *sɤwsɤm || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - | ||
| NB difthong! newer loan? | |||
|- | |- | ||
| "to tear" | | "to tear" | ||
| Line 73: | Line 77: | ||
| *enti || *ɤvtɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - | | *enti || *ɤvtɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - | ||
| *-ŋt- ? | | *-ŋt- ? | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="11" | *e_i in *ê-system (all long or difthongal?) | |||
|- | |||
| "to sell" | |||
| *müü- || *mékɤ- || mije- || - || med || med || - || *miɣ- || *me- || *mi- | |||
| *mexi | |||
|- | |||
| "to cook" | |||
| - || - || pije- || - || - || pu- || (föö-) || *paaj- || - || *pi- | |||
| *pexi; cf. *pêsi ! | |||
|- | |||
| "matter" | |||
| - || *séjɤ || sij || šü || śis || siś || eev || style="color:red"| '''*säj''' || *ɬöj || *tiəj | |||
| *sexji | |||
|- | |||
| "mushroom" | |||
| *seeni || '''*čáná || - || šen || śeńki || - || - || *šiinəɣ || *säänəɣ || - | |||
| *śexni | |||
|- | |||
| "girl" | |||
| *nei-ti || *néjtɤ || ni || - || nɯl || nɯl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || *nê | |||
| '''neiti''' pro *neisi in Finnish, WTF? | |||
|- | |||
| "breath, soul, steam" | |||
| *lewlü || *léwlɤ || - || - || lul || lol || leelek || *liil || *liil || - | |||
|- | |||
| "to find" | |||
| *lewtä- || - || - || - || - || - || leel || - || - || - | |||
| Weak. | |||
|- | |||
| "brother" | |||
| *velji || *véljɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || - || - | |||
| ← IE? | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |||
! colspan="11" | *äx_i = F, S *ee, Smy. *eə, elsewhere per *ä | |||
|- | |||
| "side" | |||
| *veeri || *vérɤ || väŕä || - || - || - || - || - || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "broth" | |||
| *leemi || *lémɤ || ĺäm || lem || lɯm || ĺem || lee || *lääm || - || - | |||
|- | |||
| "tongue" | |||
| *keeli || *kélɤ || käĺ || kɤl || kɯl || kɯl || - || N. kelä ? || *kööl || *keəj | |||
|- | |||
| "to swallo" | |||
| *neele- || *ńélɤ- || '''ńiĺe-''' || nela- || ńɯl- || ńɯlɯ- || ńel- || *ńääl- || *ńeel- || '''*nɤl-''' | |||
| CF. *ńälmä "tongue"! S. -á- ~ H. ee ~ Ms. -ii- ~ Kh. -ää- | |||
|- | |||
| "rope" | |||
| *kewti || *kévðɤ || - || - || kal || kɤl || - || *kääləɣ || *kööləɣ || *kürə | |||
| *-xwt- ?? | |||
|- | |||
| "" | |||
| || || || || || || || || || | |||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="11" | *ê_a | ! colspan="11" | *ê_a | ||
| Line 110: | Line 169: | ||
| "thumb" | | "thumb" | ||
| '''*peukalo''' || *pealké || '''päĺkä''' || - || pɤlɯ || pev || - || - || - || *pêj | | '''*peukalo''' || *pealké || '''päĺkä''' || - || pɤlɯ || pev || - || - || - || *pêj | ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0" | |- style="background:#A0FFA0" | ||
! colspan="11" | *ô_i | ! colspan="11" | *ô_i | ||
| Line 153: | Line 206: | ||
| *hiha || *sɤsé || oža || sokš || suj || soj || ujj || *tɯɯjət || *ɬɯɯt || '''*tüəj''' | | *hiha || *sɤsé || oža || sokš || suj || soj || ujj || *tɯɯjət || *ɬɯɯt || '''*tüəj''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| "" | | "phloem" | ||
| *nila || *ńɤlɤ || nola || nolo || ńɤl || ńɯla || - || *ńol || *ńal || - | | *nila || *ńɤlɤ || nola || nolo || ńɤl || ńɯla || - || *ńol || *ńal || - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 180: | Line 233: | ||
| || || || || || || || || || | | || || || || || || || || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- | |||
|- | |||
| "side" | |||
| *peeli || *pealjé || piĺä || *pɨlɨš || peĺ || peĺ || fül || *päĺ || *pel || -- | |||
| *e_ä with Finnic secondary *i-stem? | |||
|- | |||
| "to hit" | |||
| *peeksä- || - || pikse- || - || pos- || pes- || - || - || - || *pitV- | |||
| Just e(x)_ä, looks like | |||
--> | |||
Revision as of 08:51, 29 May 2009
Two newly proposed vowels for PU.
- *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
- *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;
| Lexeme | Finnic | Samic | Mordv. | Mari | Udmurt | Komi | Hung. | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ê_i (std. *e_i ?) | |||||||||||
| "to fear" | *pel-kä- | *pɤlɤ- | peĺe- | - | pul- | pol- | feel- | *pil- | *pel- | *pêj- | |
| "blood" | *veri | *vɤrɤ | veŕ | wər | vir | vir | veer | *wiɣər | *wer | - | |
| "water" | *veti | - | veď | wət | vu | va | viiz | *wit | - | *wêt | ← IE? |
| "to go" | *mene- | *mɤnɤ- | - | mije- | mɯnɯ- | mun- | mën- | *min- | *men- | *mên- | |
| "to do" | *teke- | *tɤkɤ- | teje~tije- | - | - | - | tëv- | *tij- | *tej- | - | ← IE |
| "skin" | *keti | *kɤtɤ | keď | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| - | - | kiĺ | kiĺ | - | *kääĺən | - | - | ||||
| "to hit" | *löö- | - | - | lüe- | - | lɯj- | löv- | *li- | - | *jöw- | WTF. Laryngeal complications? *lêxi? |
| "lip" | - | *pɤŋsɤm | - | - | - | - | - | *piťem | *peɬem | *peptän | |
| "to take" | *vee- | *vikë- | vije- | - | vajɯ- | vaj- | vi- | *wi- | *we- | - | FV *wixxi- ?? |
| "2" | *kakti | *kókté | kavto, kafta | kok | kɯk | kɯk | *keet | *kit | *kiit, käät | *kêtä | FV *kakta |
| "to dodge" | - | *kɤrvé- | - | - | - | - | kerül- | *kir- | *käärəɣ- | - | |
| "to cook" | - | *pɤsé- | - | - | pɯž- | pɤž- | (föö-) | *piit- | *pääɬ- | - | |
| "skin" | *keri | *kɤrɤ | keŕ | kər | kur | kor | keerëg | *kiir | *käär | *kêti | |
| "middle" | *keski | *kɤskɤ | - | - | kus | kos | - | - | - | - | |
| "to be in time" | *ehti- | *ɤstɤ- | - | əšte- | - | eštɯ- | - | - | - | - | |
| "leaf" | *lehti | *lɤstɤ | - | ləštaš | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← IE |
| "feather" | *hewhen | *sɤwsɤm | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | NB difthong! newer loan? |
| "to tear" | *repe- | *rɤpɤ- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "next" | *enti | *ɤvtɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | *-ŋt- ? |
| *e_i in *ê-system (all long or difthongal?) | |||||||||||
| "to sell" | *müü- | *mékɤ- | mije- | - | med | med | - | *miɣ- | *me- | *mi- | *mexi |
| "to cook" | - | - | pije- | - | - | pu- | (föö-) | *paaj- | - | *pi- | *pexi; cf. *pêsi ! |
| "matter" | - | *séjɤ | sij | šü | śis | siś | eev | *säj | *ɬöj | *tiəj | *sexji |
| "mushroom" | *seeni | *čáná | - | šen | śeńki | - | - | *šiinəɣ | *säänəɣ | - | *śexni |
| "girl" | *nei-ti | *néjtɤ | ni | - | nɯl | nɯl | - | *nii | *niiŋ | *nê | neiti pro *neisi in Finnish, WTF? |
| "breath, soul, steam" | *lewlü | *léwlɤ | - | - | lul | lol | leelek | *liil | *liil | - | |
| "to find" | *lewtä- | - | - | - | - | - | leel | - | - | - | Weak. |
| "brother" | *velji | *véljɤ | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ← IE? |
| *äx_i = F, S *ee, Smy. *eə, elsewhere per *ä | |||||||||||
| "side" | *veeri | *vérɤ | väŕä | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "broth" | *leemi | *lémɤ | ĺäm | lem | lɯm | ĺem | lee | *lääm | - | - | |
| "tongue" | *keeli | *kélɤ | käĺ | kɤl | kɯl | kɯl | - | N. kelä ? | *kööl | *keəj | |
| "to swallo" | *neele- | *ńélɤ- | ńiĺe- | nela- | ńɯl- | ńɯlɯ- | ńel- | *ńääl- | *ńeel- | *nɤl- | CF. *ńälmä "tongue"! S. -á- ~ H. ee ~ Ms. -ii- ~ Kh. -ää- |
| "rope" | *kewti | *kévðɤ | - | - | kal | kɤl | - | *kääləɣ | *kööləɣ | *kürə | *-xwt- ?? |
| "" | |||||||||||
| *ê_a | |||||||||||
| "corn" | *jüvä | - | juv | - | ju | jɯki | - | - | - | - | ← IE *jewa (Avestan yava etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F. |
| "glue" | *tümä | *ðɤmé | - | - | ĺem | ĺem | - | - | - | *jêmä | |
| "thick" | - | *kɤsé | - | kəžgə | kɯz | kɯz | - | *køɬ | - | - | |
| "heart" | *sütän | *čɤðém | śedeɲ | šüüm | śulem | śɤlɤm | siiv | *šim | *sem | *sejə | |
| *ü_a (for comparision) | |||||||||||
| "to push" | *lükkä- | - | - | - | - | - | lök- | *lük- | *lök- | - | |
| "elbow" | *küünärä | *kɤrńélé | keńeŕ | kəńer | gɯr | gɯrdža | köńök | *küŋgəl | *köń-ŋääj | - | |
| "with" | *möö | *mɤŋé- | mej | möŋgə | - | mɯ- | mög- | - | - | - | |
| "wart" | *süklä | *čivlé | śiĺge | šəɣəĺe | - | - | süĺ | - | - | - | |
| FV *e; Ob-Ugr./Samoyed *ê | |||||||||||
| "nest" | *pesä | *peasé | pizə | pežäš | puz | poz | feesek | *pit | *peɬ | *pêtä | |
| "thumb" | *peukalo | *pealké | päĺkä | - | pɤlɯ | pev | - | - | - | *pêj | |
| *ô_i | |||||||||||
| "3" | *kolme | *kolmɤ | kolmo | kɯm | kwiń | kujim | haarom | kuurəm | kooɬəm | - | |
| "minor river" | *joki | *jokə | jov | joɣə | ju | ju | joo | *jɯɯɣɯɯ | - | - | |
| "major river" | *juka | - | - | *jooɣən | *jəka | for comparision | |||||
| "dry" | *koski | koškɤ- | kośke- | koškə- | kwaś | koś | - | - | - | *kåsə- | F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid. |
| "bow" | *jouci | *jóksɤ | joŋks | jåŋež | - | - | iij | *jaɣət | *jooɣəɬ | *jïntə | |
| *ô_a | |||||||||||
| "I" | *minä | *mon | mon | məń | mon | me | een | *äm | *mä | *mən | |
| "thou" | *tinä | *ton | ton | tiń | ton | te | te | - | - | *tən | |
| "bird" | *lintu | *lonté | - | luðə | - | - | luud | *luuntə | *låånt | - | |
| "sleeve" | *hija | *soajé | |||||||||
| "sleeve" | *hiha | *sɤsé | oža | sokš | suj | soj | ujj | *tɯɯjət | *ɬɯɯt | *tüəj | |
| "phloem" | *nila | *ńɤlɤ | nola | nolo | ńɤl | ńɯla | - | *ńol | *ńal | - | |
| "to wash" | *liko- | - | - | - | - | - | - | *låwt- | *loɣɯɯt- | - | |
| "to curse" | *kiro- | *kɤro- | kor- | - | - | - | - | *kår- | *koorəm | *kərä- | |
| "to scrape" | *vito- | *vɤco- | - | - | vušt- | vušt- | vaasik- | *ašeɣ- | *wooč- | - | |
| "skin" | *iho | *ɤsé | jožo | juž | - | ež | - | - | - | - | |
| "to bind" | *sito- | - | sodo- | šüðüš | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "price" | *hinta | - | čonda | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "to sharpen" | *hijo- | *sɤjé- | šova- | šume- | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| "" | |||||||||||
