Sarim: Difference between revisions
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'''Sarim''' is a language spoken | '''Sarim''' (Sarim: '''Sarim bār''') is a language spoken by most of the population of Sarimis, as well as several its satellite nations. It is a largely isolating, accusative, head-final language of the Kambaic language family. | ||
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-Plosives <nowiki>/p t d | -Plosives <nowiki>/p b t d ⁿd ɟ k g/ <p b t d nd j k g </nowiki> | ||
-Nasals <nowiki>/m n ŋ | -Nasals <nowiki>/m n ŋ/ <m n ŋ></nowiki> | ||
-Fricatives <nowiki> /ɸ | -Fricatives <nowiki> /ɸ v s ɕ h/ <ph v s x h></nowiki> | ||
-Rhotic/Approximants: <nowiki> /r l j | -Rhotic/Approximants: <nowiki> /r l j/ <r l y> </nowiki> | ||
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'''Vowels''' | '''Vowels''' | ||
<nowiki>/i | - Short <nowiki>/i a u ai au iu ia ui ua/ <i a u ai au iu ui ia ua</nowiki> | ||
<nowiki> < | - Long <nowiki> /iː aː uː aːi aːu iːu iːa uːi uːa/ <ī ā ū āu āi īu īa ūi ūa> /nowiki> | ||
All diphthongs are falling. | |||
'''Syllable Structure''' | '''Syllable Structure''' | ||
The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C) | The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C), with the follwing caveats: | ||
- /ɟ/ does not occur in codas | |||
- In clusters where it is the initial element, /n/ assimilates to the point of articulation of the following consonant. | |||
- Clusters of two plosives except for /kt gd/ do not occur. | |||
- Clusters involving two stops, or a stop and a fricative, must agree in voicing. Clusters such as */sd gɕ/ do not therefore occur. | |||
- Word-finally, only /m t d ⁿd s r l ŋ/ occur. | |||
'''Allophony''' | '''Allophony''' | ||
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-Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps]. | -Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps]. | ||
- | -Short vowels and diphthongs /i a u ai au/ tend to become lax [ɪ ɐ ʊ ɐɪ ɐʊ], espcially in unstressed syllables | ||
'''Stress''' | '''Stress''' | ||
Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the | Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the penultimate syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexical words are stressed, but grammatical particles are not. | ||
==Nominal Morphology== | |||
Being largely isolating, Sarim has very little grammatical nominal morphology (it does, however, have quite a productive derivational morphology). | |||
'''Plural''' | |||
The plural morpheme, which is not compulsory, is '''-ū'''. If the noun stem ends in a short vowel, this is lost, then '''-ū''' suffixed. Dipthongs and long vowels add '''-yū''': | |||
'''Dun''' man, '''dunū''' 'men' | |||
'''Kanda''' land, country, '''kandū''' lands, countries | |||
'''Talgū''' tree '''talgūyū''' trees | |||
Revision as of 12:10, 28 February 2009
Sarim (Sarim: Sarim bār) is a language spoken by most of the population of Sarimis, as well as several its satellite nations. It is a largely isolating, accusative, head-final language of the Kambaic language family.
Phonology
Consonants
-Plosives /p b t d ⁿd ɟ k g/ <p b t d nd j k g
-Nasals /m n ŋ/ <m n ŋ>
-Fricatives /ɸ v s ɕ h/ <ph v s x h>
-Rhotic/Approximants: /r l j/ <r l y>
Vowels
- Short /i a u ai au iu ia ui ua/ <i a u ai au iu ui ia ua
- Long <nowiki> /iː aː uː aːi aːu iːu iːa uːi uːa/ <ī ā ū āu āi īu īa ūi ūa> /nowiki>
All diphthongs are falling.
Syllable Structure
The basic syllable structure in Sarim is (C)V(C), with the follwing caveats:
- /ɟ/ does not occur in codas - In clusters where it is the initial element, /n/ assimilates to the point of articulation of the following consonant. - Clusters of two plosives except for /kt gd/ do not occur. - Clusters involving two stops, or a stop and a fricative, must agree in voicing. Clusters such as */sd gɕ/ do not therefore occur. - Word-finally, only /m t d ⁿd s r l ŋ/ occur.
Allophony
-/r/ is realised as a tap [ɾ] before a vowel and word-finally, but [ɦ] before a consonant.
-/ɟ/ is realised as either palatal affricate [ɟʝ] or postalveolar affricate [dʑ], especially among younger speakers.
-Before /s/, nasals tend to be realised as a sequence nasal+voiceless stop, e.g. /ms/ = [mps].
-Short vowels and diphthongs /i a u ai au/ tend to become lax [ɪ ɐ ʊ ɐɪ ɐʊ], espcially in unstressed syllables
Stress
Stress in Sarim is non-phonemic ,always falling on the penultimate syllable of a word. Monosyllabic lexical words are stressed, but grammatical particles are not.
Nominal Morphology
Being largely isolating, Sarim has very little grammatical nominal morphology (it does, however, have quite a productive derivational morphology).
Plural
The plural morpheme, which is not compulsory, is -ū. If the noun stem ends in a short vowel, this is lost, then -ū suffixed. Dipthongs and long vowels add -yū:
Dun man, dunū 'men' Kanda land, country, kandū lands, countries Talgū tree talgūyū trees
