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| =Nouns=
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| ==Plurals==
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| *'''-t'''/'''-at''' for most words
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| *'''-m'''/'''-em''' for words ending in front vowels other than [a] or when the word ends with a coronal plosive
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| The plural endings do not change the original stress of the word: '''neko''', cat... '''nekom''' cats, '''muj''', man... '''mujat''', men. Note that adjectives do not agree with plural nouns.
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| If there are other words (such as '''zida''' (much/many) or numbers) that indicate plurality, the plural ending may be omitted.
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| Gender is not indicated in most nouns. For animals, use '''muj''' and '''jena''' as adjectives after the noun.
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| =Articles=
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| Ilya only has a definite article, but it inflects for case.
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| * the NOM -- '''al'''
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| * the ACC -- '''el'''
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| The preposition '''di''' (of/from/about) is used without an article to express the partitive sense, e.g. '''icub di qahua'''... a cup of coffee, '''al darab di yuga'''... the piece of cake.
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| No article is used when a word is being used in a generic sense, e.g. '''amu qahua, yuga ilha tayeb'''... I like coffee, cake is good.
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| It is always permissible to drop articles after prepositions.
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| No article is necessary before names, words used as names, abstract nouns ('''-(e)ya'''), or infinitives ('''-ek/-mak''').
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| =Determiners=
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| The following words precede the noun and often substitute for '''la''' or '''un''' and add a degree of precision:
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| *this -- '''hada'''
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| **e.g. this thing, these things -- '''hada ceya, hada ceyat'''
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| **as a pronoun: this, these -- '''hada, hadam'''
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| *that -- '''sela'''
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| **e.g. that thing, those things -- '''sela ceya, sela ceyat'''
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| **as a pronoun: that, those -- '''sela, selat'''
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| *all -- '''kul(u)'''
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| **e.g. all things, everything -- '''kul ceyat'''
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| **as a pronoun: all, everyone -- '''kulu'''
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| *each, every -- '''kada'''
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| **e.g. each thing, everything -- '''kada ceya'''
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| **as a pronoun: each one, every one -- '''kularen''' (persons only)
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| *some -- '''nej'''
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| **e.g. something, somethings -- '''nej ceya, nej ceyat'''
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| **as a pronoun: someone -- '''nejaren''' (persons only)
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| *no -- '''ne , la'''
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| **e.g. nothing, no one -- '''nul, neren'''
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| **as a pronoun: none, no one -- '''neren''' (persons only)
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| The following (when adjectives) require an article unless plural:
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| *many -- '''zida'''
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| **e.g. '''ceyat zida'''... many things
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| **e.g. '''al zida ceyat'''... the many things
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| *few -- '''cua'''
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| **e.g. '''ceyat cua'''... few things
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| **e.g. '''al ceyat cua'''... the few things
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| *same -- '''ista'''
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| **e.g. '''al ceya ista, al ceyat ista'''... the same thing, the same things
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| *other, else -- '''otra'''
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| **e.g. '''al ceya otra, al ceyat otra'''... the other things, the other thing
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| **e.g. '''ceya otra, ceyat otra'''... another thing, other things.
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| The preceding particles are often followed by...
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| *thing -- '''ceya'''
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| *person -- '''aren'''
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| *time -- '''ura''' (time, hour of the day)
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| **'''ima''' (occasion)
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| *place -- '''omra''' (area)
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| **'''lu''' (location)
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| *amount, quantity -- '''anza'''
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| *manner, way, how -- '''mod'''
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| *case, situation, circumstance -- '''miq'''
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| Others:
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| *both -- '''bada'''
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| **'''bada ceyat'''
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| *enough -- '''bas'''
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| **'''bas ceyat'''
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| *such -- '''tan'''
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| **'''tan ceyat'''
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| *certain -- '''tok'''
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| **'''tok ceya, tok ceyat'''
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| *sole, only -- '''nur(a)'''
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| **'''al nura ceya, nur ceya'''
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| [[Category:Conlangs]]
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