Voiceless velar fricative: Difference between revisions
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===[[English]]=== | ===[[English]]=== | ||
====[[Anglo-Saxon]]==== | ====[[Anglo-Saxon]]==== | ||
In Anglo-Saxon, this sound is represented by '''h''' when after a back vowel. Words like '''Meahte''' would be pronounced /mɛaxtə/, or '''breahtma'''' would be pronounced /brɛaxtma/. | |||
====[[Middle English]]==== | ====[[Middle English]]==== | ||
The sound from Anglo-Saxon, also came into Middle English. In early forms, it was written '''h''' just like in the older language (in poems like [[Brut]]). In later years, the spelling shifted to '''gh''' in most cases, such as in Chaucer. The word '''droghte''' in the second line of the General Prologue, would be pronounced /drɔxt/. | |||
====[[Modern English]]==== | ====[[Modern English]]==== | ||
In modern English, all standard forms of English have dropped this sound. However, in Scots, as well as some Scottish variations of English, the spellings '''ch''' or '''gh''' can still be pronounced /x/ after back vowels or any vowel depending on dialect.. | |||
===[[High German]]=== | ===[[High German]]=== | ||
===[[Dutch]]=== | ===[[Dutch]]=== | ||
=Conlangs= | =Conlangs= | ||
Revision as of 05:28, 10 October 2008
This sound is a voiceless velar fricative, represented by /x/ in the IPA. The symbol comes from the Greek, although the symbol closer to the normally used Greek one is the Voiceless uvular fricative /χ/.
Natlangs
Germanic
English
Anglo-Saxon
In Anglo-Saxon, this sound is represented by h when after a back vowel. Words like Meahte would be pronounced /mɛaxtə/, or breahtma' would be pronounced /brɛaxtma/.
Middle English
The sound from Anglo-Saxon, also came into Middle English. In early forms, it was written h just like in the older language (in poems like Brut). In later years, the spelling shifted to gh in most cases, such as in Chaucer. The word droghte in the second line of the General Prologue, would be pronounced /drɔxt/.
Modern English
In modern English, all standard forms of English have dropped this sound. However, in Scots, as well as some Scottish variations of English, the spellings ch or gh can still be pronounced /x/ after back vowels or any vowel depending on dialect..
High German
Dutch
Conlangs
Sources
Back to IPA
