Proto-Persian': Difference between revisions
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| style="background:#FFFFFF" | Plain consonant clusters; may occur morpheme-internally | | style="background:#FFFFFF" | Plain consonant clusters; may occur morpheme-internally | ||
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| style="background:# | | style="background:#FFFFBF" | Plain consonant clusters with regular subphonemic modifications | ||
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| style="background:#BFDFFF" | Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically<br/>(Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!) | | style="background:#BFDFFF" | Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically<br/>(Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!) | ||
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| style="background:#BFFFBF" | Intermorphemic only | | style="background:#BFFFBF" | Intermorphemic only | ||
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| style="background:#FFDFBF" | Intermorphemic | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | Intermorphemic sandhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DFDFBF" | | | style="background:#DFDFBF" | Interword (?) sandhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DFDFDF" | Epenthetic /ʊ/ | | style="background:#DFDFDF" | Epenthetic /ʊ/ | ||
Revision as of 10:11, 31 August 2008
Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing (Tsonboran especially) belonging in the Persian' family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | |||||
| Aspirate stops | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
| Tenuis stops | p | t | k | q | ||
| Voiced stops | b | d | ||||
| Nasal stops | m | n | ||||
| Voiceless fricativs | s | ɬ | χ | h | ||
| Voiced continuants | w | r | l | j | ʁ | |
Cluster table
| Color key |
|---|
| Plain consonant clusters; may occur morpheme-internally |
| Plain consonant clusters with regular subphonemic modifications |
| Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically (Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!) |
| Intermorphemic only |
| Intermorphemic sandhi |
| Interword (?) sandhi |
| Epenthetic /ʊ/ |
| Coda → Onset ↓ |
p | t | k | q | h | m | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pʰ | N/A | tpʰ | kpʰ | qpʰ | ʰp | mpʰ | npʰ |
| p | N/A | ʰtp | ʰkp | ʰqp | mp | np | |
| b | N/A | tb | kb | qb | m | ||
| tʰ | ptʰ | qtʰ | ktʰ | qtʰ | ʰt | mtʰ | ntʰ |
| t | ʰpt | ʰqt | ʰkt | ʰqt | mt | nt | |
| d | pd | tr | kd | qd | n | ||
| kʰ | pkʰ | tkʰ | tkʰ | ʰk | mkʰ | nkʰ | |
| k | ʰpk | ʰtk | ʰtk | mk | nk | ||
| qʰ | pqʰ | tqʰ | tqʰ | ʰq | mqʰ | nqʰ | |
| q | ʰpq | ʰtq | ʰtq | mq | nq | ||
| s | N/A | qs | ks | qs | hs | ms | ns |
| ɬ | N/A | ql | kl | ql | hɬ | mɬ | nɬ |
| χ | N/A | qʰ | hh | mχ | nχ | ||
| ʁ | N/A | tʀ | qʀ | qʀ | hʀ | mʁ | nʁ |
| h | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | hh | mh | nh |
| m | N/A | m | hm | m | |||
| n | N/A | n | hn | n | |||
| r | pr | tr | kr | qr | hr | ms | ns |
| l | pl | ql | kl | ql | hl | mɬ | nɬ |
| j | pj | tj | kj | qʀj | hj | mj | nj |
| w | N/A | tw | kw | qw | hw | m | nw |
Vowels
| Front | Non-Front | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short | Long | _j | _w | Short | Long | _j | _w | |
| Hi | ɪ | ɪː | ɪj | ɪw | ʊ | ʊː | ʊj | |
| Mid | e | eː | ej | ew | ɐ | ow | ||
| Lo | æ | æː | æj | æw | ɒː | |||
Apparently former */ɑ ɑːɑj ɑw/ → /ɐ ɒː æj ow/ and */ʊw/ → /ow/.
A medial glide forms a difthong with a preceding short vowel, but not a preceding long one.
