Proto-Persian': Difference between revisions

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(→‎Vowels: difthong details)
(→‎Consonants: format)
Line 12: Line 12:
! <small>Central</small>
! <small>Central</small>
! <small>Lateral</small>
! <small>Lateral</small>
|-
|- align="center"
! Aspirate stops
! Aspirate stops
| align="center" | pʰ
| pʰ
| align="center" | tʰ
| tʰ
|
|
| align="center" |
|
| align="center" | qʰ
|
|-
|- align="center"
! Tenuis stops
! Tenuis stops
| align="center" | p
| p
| align="center" | t
| t
|
|
| align="center" | k
| k
| align="center" | q
| q
|-
|- align="center"
! Voiced stops
! Voiced stops
| align="center" | b
| b
| align="center" | d
| d
|-
|- align="center"
! Nasal stops
! Nasal stops
| align="center" | m
| m
| align="center" | n
| n
|-
|- align="center"
! Voiceless fricativs
! Voiceless fricativs
| align="center" |
|
| align="center" | s
| s
| align="center" | ɬ ||
| ɬ ||
| align="center" | χ
| χ
| align="center" | h
| h
|-
|- align="center"
! Voiced continuants
! Voiced continuants
| align="center" | w
| w
| align="center" | r
| r
| align="center" | l
| l
| align="left" | j
| align="left"| j
| align="center" | ʁ
| ʁ
|}
|}


Line 178: Line 178:
! j
! j
| pj || tj || kj
| pj || tj || kj
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | kj || hj || mj || nj
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | qʀj || hj || mj || nj
|-
|-
! w
! w

Revision as of 03:02, 15 August 2008

Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing (Tsonboran especially) belonging in the Persian' family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)

Consonants

Labial Coronal Velar Uvular Glottal
Central Lateral
Aspirate stops
Tenuis stops p t k q
Voiced stops b d
Nasal stops m n
Voiceless fricativs s ɬ χ h
Voiced continuants w r l j ʁ

Cluster table

Color key
Plain consonant clusters; may occur morpheme-internally
Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically
(Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!)
Intermorphemic only
Intermorphemic mutations
Sandhi
Epenthetic /ʊ/
Coda →
Onset ↓
p t k q h m n
N/A tpʰ kpʰ qpʰ ʰp mpʰ npʰ
p N/A ʰtp ʰkp ʰqp mp np
b N/A tb kb qb m
ptʰ qtʰ ktʰ qtʰ ʰt mtʰ ntʰ
t ʰpt ʰqt ʰkt ʰqt mt nt
d pd tr kd qd n
pkʰ tkʰ tkʰ ʰk mkʰ nkʰ
k ʰpk ʰtk ʰtk mk nk
pqʰ tqʰ tqʰ ʰq mqʰ nqʰ
q ʰpq ʰtq ʰtq mq nq
s N/A qs ks qs hs ms ns
ɬ N/A ql kl ql
χ N/A hh
ʁ N/A
h hh mh nh
m N/A m hm m
n N/A n hn n
r pr tr kr qr hr ms ns
l pl ql kl ql hl
j pj tj kj qʀj hj mj nj
w N/A tw kw qw hw m nw

Vowels

Front Non-Front
Short Long _j _w Short Long _j _w
Hi ɪ ɪː ɪj ɪw ʊ ʊː ʊj
Mid e ej ew ɐ ow
Lo æ æː æj æw ɒː

Apparently former */ɑ ɑːɑj ɑw/ → /ɐ ɒː æj ow/ and */ʊw/ → /ow/.

A medial glide forms a difthong with a preceding short vowel, but not a preceding long one.