Proto-Persian': Difference between revisions
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(→Vowels: difthong details) |
(→Consonants: format) |
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! <small>Central</small> | ! <small>Central</small> | ||
! <small>Lateral</small> | ! <small>Lateral</small> | ||
|- | |- align="center" | ||
! Aspirate stops | ! Aspirate stops | ||
| pʰ | |||
| tʰ | |||
| | | | ||
| | | kʰ | ||
| align="center" | | qʰ | ||
|- align="center" | |||
! Tenuis stops | ! Tenuis stops | ||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| | | | ||
| | | k | ||
| align="center" | | q | ||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiced stops | ! Voiced stops | ||
| | | b | ||
| align="center" | | d | ||
|- align="center" | |||
! Nasal stops | ! Nasal stops | ||
| | | m | ||
| align="center" | | n | ||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiceless fricativs | ! Voiceless fricativs | ||
| | |||
| s | |||
| ɬ || | |||
| | | χ | ||
| align="center" | | h | ||
|- align="center" | |||
! Voiced continuants | ! Voiced continuants | ||
| w | |||
| r | |||
| l | |||
| align="left" | j | | align="left"| j | ||
| ʁ | |||
|} | |} | ||
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! j | ! j | ||
| pj || tj || kj | | pj || tj || kj | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | qʀj || hj || mj || nj | ||
|- | |- | ||
! w | ! w |
Revision as of 03:02, 15 August 2008
Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing (Tsonboran especially) belonging in the Persian' family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)
Consonants
Labial | Coronal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central | Lateral | |||||
Aspirate stops | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
Tenuis stops | p | t | k | q | ||
Voiced stops | b | d | ||||
Nasal stops | m | n | ||||
Voiceless fricativs | s | ɬ | χ | h | ||
Voiced continuants | w | r | l | j | ʁ |
Cluster table
Color key |
---|
Plain consonant clusters; may occur morpheme-internally |
Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically (Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!) |
Intermorphemic only |
Intermorphemic mutations |
Sandhi |
Epenthetic /ʊ/ |
Coda → Onset ↓ |
p | t | k | q | h | m | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pʰ | N/A | tpʰ | kpʰ | qpʰ | ʰp | mpʰ | npʰ |
p | N/A | ʰtp | ʰkp | ʰqp | mp | np | |
b | N/A | tb | kb | qb | m | ||
tʰ | ptʰ | qtʰ | ktʰ | qtʰ | ʰt | mtʰ | ntʰ |
t | ʰpt | ʰqt | ʰkt | ʰqt | mt | nt | |
d | pd | tr | kd | qd | n | ||
kʰ | pkʰ | tkʰ | tkʰ | ʰk | mkʰ | nkʰ | |
k | ʰpk | ʰtk | ʰtk | mk | nk | ||
qʰ | pqʰ | tqʰ | tqʰ | ʰq | mqʰ | nqʰ | |
q | ʰpq | ʰtq | ʰtq | mq | nq | ||
s | N/A | qs | ks | qs | hs | ms | ns |
ɬ | N/A | ql | kl | ql | hɬ | mɬ | nɬ |
χ | N/A | qʰ | hh | mχ | nχ | ||
ʁ | N/A | tʀ | qʀ | qʀ | hʀ | mʁ | nʁ |
h | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | hh | mh | nh |
m | N/A | m | hm | m | |||
n | N/A | n | hn | n | |||
r | pr | tr | kr | qr | hr | ms | ns |
l | pl | ql | kl | ql | hl | mɬ | nɬ |
j | pj | tj | kj | qʀj | hj | mj | nj |
w | N/A | tw | kw | qw | hw | m | nw |
Vowels
Front | Non-Front | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short | Long | _j | _w | Short | Long | _j | _w | |
Hi | ɪ | ɪː | ɪj | ɪw | ʊ | ʊː | ʊj | |
Mid | e | eː | ej | ew | ɐ | ow | ||
Lo | æ | æː | æj | æw | ɒː |
Apparently former */ɑ ɑːɑj ɑw/ → /ɐ ɒː æj ow/ and */ʊw/ → /ow/.
A medial glide forms a difthong with a preceding short vowel, but not a preceding long one.