Chinese sound correspondences: Difference between revisions

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m (Korean correspondences taken from the Japanese Wikipedia)
mNo edit summary
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* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.
* 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.


{|
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}
|-
|-
! rowspan = 2 | Rime
! rowspan = 2 | Rime
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| h [h]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| b [p] <br />
| ㅂ [p] <br />
p [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
|-
|-
| 滂
| 滂
Line 46: Line 46:
| h [h]
| h [h]
| p [pʰ] <br />
| p [pʰ] <br />
b [p] /_ak etc.
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.
|-
|-
| 並
| 並
Line 59: Line 59:
| b [b]
| b [b]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| b [p] <br />
| ㅂ [p] <br />
p [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
|-
|-
| 明
| 明
Line 71: Line 71:
| m [m]
| m [m]
| b [b]
| b [b]
| m [m]
| ㅁ [m]
|-
|-
| 非*
| 非*
Line 82: Line 82:
| h [h]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| p [pʰ] <br />
| ㅂ [p] <br />
b [p] /_ak etc.
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
|-
|-
| 敷*
| 敷*
Line 94: Line 94:
| h [h]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| p [pʰ] <br />
| ㅍ [pʰ] <br />
b [p] /_ak etc.
ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.
|-
|-
| 奉*
| 奉*
Line 106: Line 106:
| b [b]
| b [b]
| h [h]
| h [h]
| b [p] <br />
| ㅂ [p] <br />
p [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.
|-
|-
| 微*
| 微*
Line 118: Line 118:
| m [m]
| m [m]
| b [b]
| b [b]
| m [m]
| ㅁ [m]
|-
|-
| 端
| 端
Line 131: Line 131:
| t [t] <br />
| t [t] <br />
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
| d [t] <br />
| ㄷ [t] <br />
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
|-
|-
| 透
| 透
Line 145: Line 145:
| t [t] <br />
| t [t] <br />
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
| t [tʰ] <br />
| ㅌ [tʰ] <br />
ch [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)
|-
|-
| 定
| 定
Line 161: Line 161:
| t [t] <br />
| t [t] <br />
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
| d [t] <br />
| ㄷ [t] <br />
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
|-
|-
| 泥
| 泥
Line 175: Line 175:
| d [d] <br />
| d [d] <br />
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]
| n [n]
| ㄴ [n]
|-
| 来
| l
| l
| l [l]
| l [l]
|
|
| r [ɺ]
| r [ɺ]
| ㄹ [ɾ] <br />
ㄴ [n] <br />
ㅇ / _[i,j]  
|-
|-
| 知
| 知
Line 188: Line 201:
| t [t] <br />
| t [t] <br />
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
| d [t] <br />
| ㄷ [t] <br />
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
|-
|-
| 徹
| 徹
Line 202: Line 215:
| t [t] <br />
| t [t] <br />
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
| t [tʰ] <br />
| ㅌ [tʰ] <br />
ch [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)
ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)
|-
|-
| 澄
| 澄
Line 218: Line 231:
| t [t] <br />
| t [t] <br />
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]
| d [t] <br />
| ㄷ [t] <br />
j [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)
|-
|-
| 娘
| 娘
Line 232: Line 245:
| d [d] <br />
| d [d] <br />
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]
j [dʑ] /_[i,j]
| n [n]
| ㄴ [n]
|-
| 日
|-
| 精
|-
| 清
|-
| 従
|-
| 心
|-
| 邪
|-
| 照
|-
| 穿
|-
| 牀
|-
| 審
|-
| 禅
|-
| 見
|-
| 渓
|-
| 群
|-
| 疑
|-
| 影
|-
| 暁
|-
| 喩
|}
|}


Line 247: Line 296:
=== 通攝 Tong She ===
=== 通攝 Tong She ===


{|
{| {{bluetable2|lightbluebg}}
|-
|-
! rowspan = 2 | Rime
! rowspan = 2 | Rime
Line 417: Line 466:


== Other correspondence lists ==
== Other correspondence lists ==
* [[Wikipedia:ja:音読み#中古音との関係|Sino-Japanese]]
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]
* [[Wikipedia:ja:朝鮮漢字音#中古音との関係|Sino-Korean]]

Revision as of 16:49, 17 July 2008

Onsets

  • 1 = Ping tone
  • 2 = Shang tone
  • 3 = Qu tone
  • 4 = Ru tone
  • 1a = Yin Ping tone
  • 1b = Yang Ping tone, etc.
Rime Middle Chinese Mandarin
Beijing 		Yue
Canton 		Minnan
Taiwan 		Hakka Japanese Korean
Karlgren Baxter Go-On Kan-On
幫 p p b [p] b [p] h [h] h [h] ㅂ [p]

ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.

滂 p' ph p [pʰ] p [pʰ] h [h] h [h] p [pʰ]

ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.

並 b' b p [pʰ] /_1

b [p] /_234

p [pʰ] /_12

b [p] /_(2)34

b [b] h [h] ㅂ [p]

ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.

明 m m m [m] m [m] m [m] b [b] ㅁ [m]
非* p p f [f] f [f] h [h] h [h] ㅂ [p]

ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.

敷* p' ph f [f] f [f] h [h] h [h] ㅍ [pʰ]

ㅂ [p] /_ak etc.

奉* b' b f [f] f [f] b [b] h [h] ㅂ [p]

ㅍ [pʰ] /_a, _ye, _yo, _il etc.

微* m m w [w] m [m] m [m] b [b] ㅁ [m]
端 t t d [t] d [t] t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

ㄷ [t]

ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)

透 t' th t [tʰ] t [tʰ] t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

ㅌ [tʰ]

ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)

定 d' d t [tʰ] /_1

d [t] /_234

t [tʰ] /_12

d [t] /_(2)34

d [d]

j [dʑ] /_[i,j]

t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

ㄷ [t]

ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)

泥 n n n [n] n [n] n [n]

n [ɲ] /_[i,j]

d [d]

j [dʑ] /_[i,j]

ㄴ [n]
来 l l l [l] l [l] r [ɺ] r [ɺ] ㄹ [ɾ]

ㄴ [n]
ㅇ / _[i,j]

知 t̂ tr zh [tʂ] z [ts] t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

ㄷ [t]

ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)

徹 t̂' trh ch [tʂʰ] c [tsʰ] t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

ㅌ [tʰ]

ㅊ [tɕʰ] /_[i,j] (?)

澄 d̂' dr ch [tʂʰ] /_1

zh [tʂ] /_234

c [tsʰ] /_12

z [ts] /_(2)34

d [d]

j [dʑ] /_[i,j]

t [t]

ch [tɕ] /_[i,j]

ㄷ [t]

ㅈ [tɕ] /_[i,j] (?)

娘 n nr n [n] n [n] n [n]

n [ɲ] /_[i,j]

d [d]

j [dʑ] /_[i,j]

ㄴ [n]
日
精
清
従
心
邪
照
穿
牀
審
禅
見
渓
群
疑
影
暁
喩

Rimes

  • P = MC labial (幫滂並明)
  • T = MC dental stop (端透定泥)
  • TR = MC retroflex stop (知徹澄娘)
  • S = MC dental sibilant (精清從心邪)
  • SR = MC retroflex sibilant (莊出崇生)
  • SY = MC palatal sibilant (章昌船書禪)
  • K = MC velar/laryngeal (見溪群疑曉匣影雲以)

通攝 Tong She

Rime Middle Chinese Mandarin
Beijing 		Yue
Canton 		Minnan
Taiwan 		Hakka Japanese Korean
Karlgren Baxter Go-On Kan-On
東（一等） ung uwng ong [ʊŋ]

weng [wɤŋ] /ʔ_
eng [ɤŋ] /P_

ung [ʊŋ]

but jung [jʊŋ] (翁)

u [u]

some uu [uː]

ou [oː]
冬（一等） uong owng ong [ʊŋ]

(does not occur /P_)

ung [ʊŋ] o [o]

some ou [oː]

ou [oː]
東（三等） i̯ung juwng ong [ʊŋ]

eng [ɤŋ] /P_

ung [ʊŋ] yuu [juː], yu [ju]

u [u], uu [uː]/K_,l_

yuu [juː]

ou [oː]/P_

鍾（三等） i̯wong jowng ong [ʊŋ]

iong [yʊŋ] /x_,ʔ_
eng [ɤŋ] /P_

ung [ʊŋ]

jung [jʊŋ] /ʔ_

yuu [juː], yu [ju]

u [u], uu [uː]/K_

you [joː]

ou [oː]/P_

東（一等） uk uwk u [u] uk [ʊk] oku [oku] oku [oku]
冬（一等） uok owk u [u] uk [ʊk] oku [oku] oku [oku]
東（三等） i̯uk juwk mostly u [u]

and ü [y] /K_
but:
ou [ou] (軸粥熟肉)
iu [jou] (宿六)
uo [uo] (縮)

uk [ʊk]
鍾（三等） i̯wok jowk mostly u [u]

and ü [y] /K_
but:
ü [y] (續綠)

uk [ʊk]

juk [jʊk] /ŋ_,ʔ_

江攝 Jiang She

止攝 Zhi She

遇攝 Yu She

蟹攝 Xie She

臻攝 Zhen She

山攝 Shan She

效攝 Xiao She

果攝 Guo She

假攝 Jia She

宕攝 Dang She

梗攝 Geng She

曾攝 Ceng She

流攝 Liu She

深攝 Shen She

咸攝 Xian She

Tones

Resources

Middle Chinese

Modern Chinese

Sino-Xenic

Other correspondence lists

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