Proto-Ōšqʷiť: Difference between revisions

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|valign="top"|Spoken in:  
|valign="top"|Spoken in:  
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||Eurasia?
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
||
||Earth, alternate universe
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
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|-
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
||Proto-Ōšqʷiť
||'''Proto-Ōšqʷiť'''
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Basic word order:
|valign="top"|Basic word order:
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|-
||maailmaniag ||June 14th 2008
||maailmaniag ||June 14th 2008
|}
Proto-Ōšqʷiť (/"o:ʃ.qʷiθ/) is the reconstructed form of the language spoken by the ancient people of Eurasia (alternate universe). Because this is a reconstructed form of the language, there are no traces of writing, etc. of the language, and therefore no lexical item, point of syntax, or morphological paradigm is guaranteed to be 100% accurate, but instead, an approximation of how the language actually was spoken thousands of years ago (approximately 6,000-8,000 BC)
==Phonology==
This is the reconstructed phonology of Proto-Ōšqʷiť, which was put together via the comparative method, comparing the sound systems (or approximate sound systems, in the case of dead branches) or all 12 established branches of the Ōšqʷiť family.
<br>
===Consonants===
Proto-Ōšqʷiť has a complex system of consonants, in that there are 3 <i>phonemic</i> series of nearly all the sounds: plain, palatized, and labialized. This triples the amount of consonants that many of its descendants have, but are included in the reconstruction because there are still traces of this 3-way distinction in all of the 12 branches of descendants (however, the distinction may have been lost in various languages of the branches over time). Additionally, a 3-way distinction in stops is also reconstructed, being voiced, voiceless, and voiceless aspirated.
<br>
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiodent. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Uvular ||colspan=2| Glottal
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || m mʲ mʷ|| || || || || || n nʲ nʷ || || || ŋ ŋʲ ŋʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive-voiced || || b bʲ bʷ || || || || || || d dʲ dʷ || || || g gʲ gʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive-unvoiced || || p pʲ pʷ || || || || || || t tʲ tʷ || || || k kʲ kʷ || || || q qʲ qʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive-aspirated || || pʰ pʲʰ pʷʰ || || || || || || t tʲʰ tʷʰ || || || k kʲʰ kʷʰ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative-voiced || || || || || || ð ðʲ ðʷ || || z zʲ zʷ || || || || || || ʁ ʁʲ ʁʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative-unvoiced || || || f fʲ fʷ || || || θ θʲ θʷ || || s sʲ sʷ || || ʃ ʃʲ ʃʷ || || || || χ χʲ χʷ || || h hʲ hʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate-voiced || || || || || || || || d͡z d͡zʲ d͡zʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate-unvoiced || || || || || || || || t͡s t͡sʲ t͡sʷ || || ͡ʧ ͡ʧʲ ͡ʧʷ ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || || || r ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || || || l lʲ lʷ ||
|}
</div>
In addition, there are two semi-vowels, /j w/, although it has not been determined yet if (plain consonant)+(semivowel) contrasts with the palatized and labialized versions of the sound, as well.
<br>
===Vowels===
Most reconstructions of Proto-Ōšqʷiť have a 6 vowel system, as follows:
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Close || i || || || || || u ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Close-Mid || || || || || || o ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || ə ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Open-Mid || e ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Open || a ||
|}
<br>
In terms of diphthongs, any vowel could be followed by any other vowel, but sequences of two of the same vowel in a row were reanalyzed as long vowels, giving 12 total vowel phonemes:
/a a: e e: i i: o o: u u: ə ə:/
Explicitly, the diphthongs were:
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
!colspan=7 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=1| -a ||colspan=1| -e ||colspan=1| -i ||colspan=1| -o ||colspan=1| -u ||colspan=1| -ə
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| a- || a: || ae || ai || ao || au || aə ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| e- || ea || e: || ei || eo || eu || eə ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| i- || ia || ie || i: || io || iu || iə ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| o- || oa || oe || oi || o: || ou || oə ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| u- || ua || ue || ui || uo || u: || uə ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| ə- || əa || əe || əi || əo || əu || ə: ||
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 12:09, 26 June 2008

Proto-Ōšqʷiť
???
Spoken in: Eurasia?
Timeline/Universe: Earth, alternate universe
Total speakers: ???
Genealogical classification: Proto-Ōšqʷiť
Basic word order: ??? but reconstructed as SOV
Morphological type: Inflecting
Morphosyntactic alignment: Nominative-Accusative
Created by:
maailmaniag June 14th 2008

Proto-Ōšqʷiť (/"o:ʃ.qʷiθ/) is the reconstructed form of the language spoken by the ancient people of Eurasia (alternate universe). Because this is a reconstructed form of the language, there are no traces of writing, etc. of the language, and therefore no lexical item, point of syntax, or morphological paradigm is guaranteed to be 100% accurate, but instead, an approximation of how the language actually was spoken thousands of years ago (approximately 6,000-8,000 BC)

Phonology

This is the reconstructed phonology of Proto-Ōšqʷiť, which was put together via the comparative method, comparing the sound systems (or approximate sound systems, in the case of dead branches) or all 12 established branches of the Ōšqʷiť family.

Consonants

Proto-Ōšqʷiť has a complex system of consonants, in that there are 3 phonemic series of nearly all the sounds: plain, palatized, and labialized. This triples the amount of consonants that many of its descendants have, but are included in the reconstruction because there are still traces of this 3-way distinction in all of the 12 branches of descendants (however, the distinction may have been lost in various languages of the branches over time). Additionally, a 3-way distinction in stops is also reconstructed, being voiced, voiceless, and voiceless aspirated.

Consonants
Bilabial Labiodent. Dental Alveolar Post-alv. Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m mʲ mʷ n nʲ nʷ ŋ ŋʲ ŋʷ
Plosive-voiced b bʲ bʷ d dʲ dʷ g gʲ gʷ
Plosive-unvoiced p pʲ pʷ t tʲ tʷ k kʲ kʷ q qʲ qʷ
Plosive-aspirated pʰ pʲʰ pʷʰ t tʲʰ tʷʰ k kʲʰ kʷʰ
Fricative-voiced ð ðʲ ðʷ z zʲ zʷ ʁ ʁʲ ʁʷ
Fricative-unvoiced f fʲ fʷ θ θʲ θʷ s sʲ sʷ ʃ ʃʲ ʃʷ χ χʲ χʷ h hʲ hʷ
Affricate-voiced d͡z d͡zʲ d͡zʷ
Affricate-unvoiced t͡s t͡sʲ t͡sʷ ͡ʧ ͡ʧʲ ͡ʧʷ
Trill r
Lateral Approximant l lʲ lʷ

In addition, there are two semi-vowels, /j w/, although it has not been determined yet if (plain consonant)+(semivowel) contrasts with the palatized and labialized versions of the sound, as well.

Vowels

Most reconstructions of Proto-Ōšqʷiť have a 6 vowel system, as follows:

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-Mid o
Mid ə
Open-Mid e
Open a


In terms of diphthongs, any vowel could be followed by any other vowel, but sequences of two of the same vowel in a row were reanalyzed as long vowels, giving 12 total vowel phonemes: /a a: e e: i i: o o: u u: ə ə:/ Explicitly, the diphthongs were:

Vowels
-a -e -i -o -u -ə
a- a: ae ai ao au aə
e- ea e: ei eo eu eə
i- ia ie i: io iu iə
o- oa oe oi o: ou oə
u- ua ue ui uo u: uə
ə- əa əe əi əo əu ə:
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