Voiceless labial-velar fricative: Difference between revisions
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=== Old English === | === Old English === | ||
In [[Old English]] it was spelt '''Hw'''. An example might be the first line of [[Beowulf]] "Hwæt we Gar-Dena...." | In [[Old English]] it was spelt '''Hw'''. An example might be the first line of [[Beowulf]] "Hwæt we Gar-Dena...." | ||
Other Anglo-Saxon words had this spelling, such as Hwær (where). Hwam (whom), Hwalas (whales), Hwon (who), Hwi (why). etc. | Other [[Anglo-Saxon]] words had this spelling, such as Hwær (where). Hwam (whom), Hwalas (whales), Hwon (who), Hwi (why). etc. | ||
=== Middle English === | === Middle English === | ||
This sound had three different spellings in Medieval English, but the most common was '''wh.''' In the earliest days, in such works as '''[[Brut]]''' we see that they prefer Anglo-Saxon spelling, so '''hw''' is most common. In works which have a heavy Old French influence it is common to see '''qu''' instead of the others, because qu /kw/ is the closes sounds French equivalent. [[Geoffry Chaucer]], being one of the most influential to standardised English, used '''wh.''' | This sound had three different spellings in Medieval English, but the most common was '''wh.''' In the earliest days, in such works as '''[[Brut]]''' we see that they prefer [[Anglo-Saxon]] spelling, so '''hw''' is most common. In works which have a heavy Old French influence it is common to see '''qu''' instead of the others, because qu /kw/ is the closes sounds French equivalent. [[Geoffry Chaucer]], being one of the most influential to standardised English, used '''wh.''' | ||
===Modern English=== | ===Modern English=== | ||
Most people who speak English today now use /w/ instead of the /ʍ/. Some Dialects in the Northwest of the United States and quite a few Scottish accents still use it. Also many English speaks come close when they add a devoiced sound next to it, so 'twas, quest, sweet, and others have semi-devoiced /ʍ/s in them. | Most people who speak English today now use /w/ instead of the /ʍ/. Some Dialects in the Northwest of the United States and quite a few Scottish accents still use it. Also many English speaks come close when they add a devoiced sound next to it, so 'twas, quest, sweet, and others have semi-devoiced /ʍ/s in them. | ||
Revision as of 18:23, 20 May 2008
| ʍ | ||
|---|---|---|
| Pulmonic Consonant | ||
| IPA: | ʍ | |
| Place of Articulation: | Velar bilabial | |
| Manner of Articulation: | approximate | |
| Phonological features: | [-consonantal] [-Voice] [+round] |
[-Syllabic] |
This is a devoiced bilabial velar approximate. It's voiced form is /w/.
English
Old English
In Old English it was spelt Hw. An example might be the first line of Beowulf "Hwæt we Gar-Dena...." Other Anglo-Saxon words had this spelling, such as Hwær (where). Hwam (whom), Hwalas (whales), Hwon (who), Hwi (why). etc.
Middle English
This sound had three different spellings in Medieval English, but the most common was wh. In the earliest days, in such works as Brut we see that they prefer Anglo-Saxon spelling, so hw is most common. In works which have a heavy Old French influence it is common to see qu instead of the others, because qu /kw/ is the closes sounds French equivalent. Geoffry Chaucer, being one of the most influential to standardised English, used wh.
Modern English
Most people who speak English today now use /w/ instead of the /ʍ/. Some Dialects in the Northwest of the United States and quite a few Scottish accents still use it. Also many English speaks come close when they add a devoiced sound next to it, so 'twas, quest, sweet, and others have semi-devoiced /ʍ/s in them.
Old Norse
In Old Norse, this sound was spelt hv and was used in cases similar to the Old English words. Since Anglo-Saxon and Old Norse have some similar vocabulary, it's natural to see this connection.
Sources:
http://www.huitalk.com/articles/is-middle-english-a-creole
http://www.huitalk.com/activities/introduction-to-the-ipa-consonants-the-sounds-of-english
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