Telefax: Difference between revisions

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m (glide orthography)
(third branch)
Line 93: Line 93:
| i || ĩ || u || ũ
| i || ĩ || u || ũ
|-
|-
| e || ẽ || o || õ
| e || ẽ || o || õ
|-
|-
| æ || ã || ɑ ||
| æ || ã || ɑ ||
Line 113: Line 113:
| wanni || nanni || awxi
| wanni || nanni || awxi
|}
|}
===Telefax C===
More distant…
'''Consonants'''
{|
| pʰ || tʰ || ʧʰ || cʰ || kʰ ||
|-
| p || t || ʧ || c || k ||
|-
| b~β || d || || || rowspan="2"| ŋ~ŋɡ ||
|-
| m || n || || ||
|-
|  || s || ʃ || ç || x || h
|-
| ɓ || ɗ || || ʄ || ɠ ||
|-
| w || l, ɾ || || j || ||
|-
|}
'''Vowels'''
{|
| i || ĩ || ɨ || u || ũ
|-
| e || ẽ || ə || o || õ
|-
| æ~ɐ || a || ã ||
|-
|}
Difthongs: /ai au oi/, possibly more

Revision as of 14:14, 12 May 2008

Telefax A

Consonants

t(ʰ)
p ts ~ ʧ k
ɬ s ~ ʃ x h
ɓ ɗ ɠ
m n
w l     j
  • [tʰ h l] occur only initially.
  • [t n ɗ ɠ x] occur only medially.
  • Occurring alternation pairs: t~tʰ; n~h, n~l; ɓ~pʰ; ɗ~∅, ɗ~l, ɗ~tʰ; ɠ~j, ɠ~w, ɠ~m, ɠ~kʰ; x~h
    • Old strata: n~h, conditionally ɓ~p, ɗ~t, ɠ~k
    • Step 1: remaining initial ɗ ɠ → ð ɣ or n ŋ (modulo vowel nasality), initial voiceless stops aspirated
    • Step 2: ŋ → m / _{õ ũ}, → ∅ / _{ĩ ẽ ã}, → ɣ or nasality elsewhere (might imply the existence of m~w)
    • Step 3: ð → ∅, ɣ → j/w, n x → l h / #_, l → ɾ → ɗ / V_V
    • Synchronically, [tʰ] is clearly an allophone of /t/, [h] is probably best interpreted as an allophone of /x/, and /ɠ/ as an independant phoneme. The voiced coronal situation seems less clear.
  • [ʧ ʃ] may be used before a front vowel.

Vowels

i ĩ u ũ
e ə o õ
  a   ã  

Difthongs consist of /ə a/+/j w/ (oral only).

/ə/ harmonizes with /a/, with the latter dominating.

Syllable structure CV, medially (F)CV with valid 2nd cluster members including voiceless stops, implosivs & /m/.

1st ↓ · 2nd → p t c k ɓ ɗ ɠ m
ɬ
s
x

Pronouns

1p 2p 3pA 3pB
S khudi than yoso leso
P yaninna lomi cəso wawka

The singular 3p forms are female/male. The plural are definit/indefinit (or collectiv/paucal).

Telefax B

Consonants

ʧʰ
p t ʧ k
x
ɓ ɗ
m n ŋ
w ɾ j

Step 2 abov doesn't take place, insted *ɠ → ɣ or ŋ in all positions. Not sure where /s/ has gone. Into aspiration maybe?

(C)V(C). More freedom with clusters here I think — but still not much. Need to include /tw tɬw kw/. Geminates: /pː tː ʧː kː/, possibly /mː nː ŋː/.

Vowels

i ĩ u ũ
e o õ
æ ã ɑ

[ə] occurs in unstressed syllables, contrasting chiefly with [i u], rarely [e].

Difthongs: /æi ɑu ju jũ jʌ jʌ̃/

Pronouns

1p 2p 3p
S kawrə tawrə awrə
P wanni nanni awxi

Telefax C

More distant…

Consonants

ʧʰ
p t ʧ c k
b~β d ŋ~ŋɡ
m n
s ʃ ç x h
ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ
w l, ɾ j

Vowels

i ĩ ɨ u ũ
e ə o õ
æ~ɐ a ã

Difthongs: /ai au oi/, possibly more