|
|
| Line 2: |
Line 2: |
|
| |
|
| == Phonology == | | == Phonology == |
|
| |
| === Vowels ===
| |
|
| |
| ==== Phonemes ====
| |
|
| |
| /a e i o u y/ <a e i o u y>
| |
|
| |
| ==== Allophony ====
| |
|
| |
| All vowels (except /a/) have a lax counterpart: /e/ - [ɛ], /i/ - [ɪ], /o/ - [ɔ], /u/ - [ʊ] and /y/ - [ʏ]. Lax vowels appear instead of the tense ones
| |
| # always in closed syllables; e.g. emnathon [⁸ɛm.na.tʰɔn]
| |
| # in the syllable following a stressed vowel; e.g. Thesome [⁸tʰe.zɔ.mɛ]
| |
| # in the last syllable of a word; e.g. deromi [⁸de.ɾɔ.mɪ]
| |
| Word final [ɛ] may be realised as [ə] in fast speech: Thesome /⁸tʰe.zɔ.mə/
| |
| When the penultimate syllable is stressed, the vowel is usually pronounced longer; contrast deromi [⁸de.ɾɔ.mɪ] with derthi [⁸dɛːɾ.tʰɪ]
| |
|
| |
|
| |
| === Diphthongs ===
| |
|
| |
| ==== Phonemes ====
| |
| /aɪ eɪ ɔɪ aʊ/ <ai ei eu/oi au>
| |
|
| |
| /ɔɪ/ is written <eu> in the first syllable of a word, <oi> anywhere else; probably a sound change that has occurred in an earlier stage but that has been undone.
| |
|
| |
| ==== Glide Insertion ====
| |
| When another vowel follows a diphthong,
| |
| # in formal speech diphthongs ending in /ɪ/ add a /j/-glide before the next vowel whereas after /aʊ/ a /w/ is added.
| |
| # in colloquial speech diphthongs become (long) monophthongs with a glide onset on the following syllable.
| |
| E.g. andromeía: 1. [an.dɾo.⁸meɪ.ja] 2. [an.dɾo.⁸meː.ja] and Sauos: 1. [⁸saʊ.wɔs] 2. [⁸saː.wɔs]
| |
|
| |
| === Consonants ===
| |
|
| |
| ==== Phonemes ====
| |
| Plosives: /p pʰ b t tʰ d k kʰ ɡ/ < p ph b t th d k kh g>
| |
|
| |
| Fricatives: /f s x h/ <f s ch h>
| |
|
| |
| Nasals: /m n/ <m n>
| |
|
| |
| Liquid: /ɾ l/ <r l>
| |
|
| |
| ==== Allophony ====
| |
| The voiced stops /b d/ may be softened to [v ð] between vowels: eudein [⁸ɔɪ.ðeɪn]
| |
| /k kʰ g/ are usually pronounced [c cʰ ɟ] before the vowels /e i y/
| |
| /s/ becomes [z] in the onset cluster sm- (pronounced [zm]) and between vowels: contrast thesomi [⁸tʰe.zɔ.mɪ] with thesthi [⁸tʰɛːs.tʰɪ]
| |
| Nasals, if preceding plosives, assimilate to the latter's point of articulation (with the exception of compounds).
| |
|
| |
| === Stress ===
| |
| Stress usually falls on the antepenultimate syllable.
| |
|
| |
| If stress falls on any other syllable, it is marked with an acute accent (which, if part of a diphthong, is placed it's second part). If the penultimate syllable is stressed, it is pronounced longer than usual.
| |
|
| |
| E.g. mnathygata [mna.⁸tʰy.ga.ta] mnathygataí [mna.tʰy.ga.⁸taɪ] mnathygatánen [mna.tʰy.ga.⁸ta:.nɛn]
| |
|
| |
|
| == Morphology == | | == Morphology == |
|
| |
|
| === Verbal Morphology === | | === Verbal Morphology === |
