Northeastern Hameih Lescealh Faraneit: Difference between revisions
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Northeastern Hameih Lescealh Faraneit is a dialect of [[Lescealh]] [[Faraneit]], spoken in and around the city of Heajaz. It is one of the more innovative dialects, but is still fairly conservative, until it underwent rapid developement after the expulsion of the Heajazarifh into the Kupeimeceah. | Northeastern Hameih Lescealh Faraneit is a dialect of [[Lescealh]] [[Faraneit]], spoken in and around the city of Heajaz. It is one of the more innovative dialects, but is still fairly conservative, until it underwent rapid developement after the expulsion of the Heajazarifh into the Kupeimeceah. | ||
==Diacritics== | |||
On this webpage, all characters will be presented in IPA with a few exceptions, for retraction, advancement, voicing, devoicing, and dentalization. In these cases, the X-SAMPA diacritics (-, +, _0, _v, and _d, respectively) will be used because this site cannot reproduce those characters. | |||
==Consonants== | ==Consonants== | ||
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*Nasals: /m n/ | *Nasals: /m n/ | ||
**/m/ [ɱ] (through sandhi) in rapid speech when in close quarters with /f v/ | **/m/ [ɱ] (through sandhi) in rapid speech when in close quarters with /f v/ | ||
**/n/ [ŋ] (through sandhi) in rapid speech "near" velars or /q/ (karotejoan keareik neih keuscej = (S)he gives Keareik (a name) power, can be realized as [ | **/n/ [ŋ] (through sandhi) in rapid speech "near" velars or /q/ (karotejoan keareik neih keuscej = (S)he gives Keareik (a name) power, can be realized as [ˈkʰaɣod_d_0ˌeʒɔ~ŋ ˈkʰɛɣɨk ŋɨ ˈkʰʊʃeʒ]) | ||
**/n/ [ɲ] prior to /i/. | **/n/ [ɲ] prior to /i/. | ||
*Plosives: /p p_v | *Plosives: /p p_v t_d t_d_v k q/ | ||
**+lenis when coda/onset of unstressed syllables | **+lenis when coda/onset of unstressed syllables | ||
**+aspiration when onset of stressed syllables | **+aspiration when onset of stressed syllables | ||
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*Fricatives: /f v θ s z ʃ ʒ x/ | *Fricatives: /f v θ s z ʃ ʒ x/ | ||
**/s z/ [z] intervocallically and in very rapid speech | **/s z/ [z] intervocallically and in very rapid speech | ||
**/s z/ [s+ z+] when in close proximaty to /θ t_d_v t_d/ | |||
**/θ/ [ð] intervocallically and in very rapid speech | **/θ/ [ð] intervocallically and in very rapid speech | ||
**/θ/ [θ- ð-] when in close proximaty to /s n l/ | |||
**/ʃ/ [ç] prior to /i ɨ/ and [ʉ] | **/ʃ/ [ç] prior to /i ɨ/ and [ʉ] | ||
**/ʃ ʒ/ [s z]~[ʃ ʒ] when "bracketed" by back vowels | **/ʃ ʒ/ [s z]~[ʃ ʒ] when "bracketed" by back vowels | ||
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*Front: /ɛ e i/ | *Front: /ɛ e i/ | ||
**/ɛ/ [ɜ] when unstressed | **/ɛ/ [ɜ] when unstressed | ||
**/i/ [ɪ] when unstressed or rapid speech | **/i/ [ɪ] when unstressed or rapid speech | ||
*Central: / | *Central: /ɑ ɨ/ | ||
**/ | **/ɑ/ [ɒ] when unstressed | ||
**/ɨ/ [ə] when unstressed | **/ɨ/ [ə] when unstressed | ||
*Back: /ɔ o ʊ u/ | *Back: /ɔ o ʊ u/ | ||
**/ɔ/ [ | **/ɔ/ [ɞ] when unstressed | ||
**/ʊ/ [ | **/ʊ/ [ɵ] when unstressed in more conservative registers | ||
**/ʊ/ [ə] when unstressed in more innovative registers | **/ʊ/ [ə] when unstressed in more innovative registers | ||
**/u/ [ʉ] when unstressed | **/u/ [ʉ] when unstressed | ||
==Nasalization== | ==Nasalization== | ||
Nasalization always occurs in vowels prior to /n m/ and when spoken rapidly in vowels also following them. | Nasalization always occurs in vowels prior to /n m/ and when spoken rapidly in vowels also following them. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Normal | !Normal | ||
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When there are two syllables with either /ɨ ʊ/ as the vowel and the first is stressed while the second is not, a form of haplology happens, under the correct circumstances. For /ɨ/, the second vowel needs to be bracketed by two voiced consonants, in order to delete. For example: neibeidej /ˈnɨp_vɨt_vˌeʒ/ simplifies as [ˈnɨp_vdeʒ] because both the consonant before and after are voiced. | When there are two syllables with either /ɨ ʊ/ as the vowel and the first is stressed while the second is not, a form of haplology happens, under the correct circumstances. For /ɨ/, the second vowel needs to be bracketed by two voiced consonants, in order to delete. For example: neibeidej /ˈnɨp_vɨt_vˌeʒ/ simplifies as [ˈnɨp_vdeʒ] because both the consonant before and after are voiced. | ||
/ʊ/, on the other hand, only deletes between nasals or approximants, as in leureumeih (/"lʊRʊmɨ/ ["lʊɣmə]). | /ʊ/, on the other hand, only deletes between nasals or approximants, as in leureumeih (/"lʊRʊmɨ/ ["lʊɣmə]). | ||
==Terminal Syllable Reduction== | |||
When a word ends on an unaccented syllable with a plosive onset, a "secondary" vowel (/ɛ ɔ ɪ ʊ/), and a fricative coda, there is a form of extreme reduction. In the place of that syllable, an affricate, based on the position of the plosive, and to a lesser degree the fricative, comes about. For example, hoateiv, /ɔtɨv/, is realized as [ɔts)] while hoateac, /ɔtɛx/, is realized as [ɔtʃ)]. | |||
To explain, /p/ along with any fricative creates [pf)], while /t/ with /x ʃ/ produces [tʃ)] but with any other produces [ts)]. /k/ with /ʃ/ also produces [tʃ)], but with any other, [kx)]. /q/, however, uniformally produces [qχ)]. | |||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
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==Vowel Clusters== | ==Vowel Clusters== | ||
*/a ɛ ɔ/ + any other vowel, [a: ɛ: ɔ:] or if unstressed [ɒ: ɜ: | */a ɛ ɔ/ + any other vowel, [a: ɛ: ɔ:] or if unstressed [ɒ: ɜ: ɞ:] | ||
*(other vowel) /i ɨ/ (other vowel), [j] | *(other vowel) /i ɨ/ (other vowel), [j] | ||
*(other vowel) /u ʊ/ (other vowel), [w]. | *(other vowel) /u ʊ/ (other vowel), [w]. | ||
*Otherwise, seperate vowel qualities are retained | *Otherwise, seperate vowel qualities are retained | ||
==Stress== | ==Stress== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:01, 1 March 2008
Northeastern Hameih Lescealh Faraneit is a dialect of Lescealh Faraneit, spoken in and around the city of Heajaz. It is one of the more innovative dialects, but is still fairly conservative, until it underwent rapid developement after the expulsion of the Heajazarifh into the Kupeimeceah.
Diacritics
On this webpage, all characters will be presented in IPA with a few exceptions, for retraction, advancement, voicing, devoicing, and dentalization. In these cases, the X-SAMPA diacritics (-, +, _0, _v, and _d, respectively) will be used because this site cannot reproduce those characters.
Consonants
- Nasals: /m n/
- /m/ [ɱ] (through sandhi) in rapid speech when in close quarters with /f v/
- /n/ [ŋ] (through sandhi) in rapid speech "near" velars or /q/ (karotejoan keareik neih keuscej = (S)he gives Keareik (a name) power, can be realized as [ˈkʰaɣod_d_0ˌeʒɔ~ŋ ˈkʰɛɣɨk ŋɨ ˈkʰʊʃeʒ])
- /n/ [ɲ] prior to /i/.
- Plosives: /p p_v t_d t_d_v k q/
- +lenis when coda/onset of unstressed syllables
- +aspiration when onset of stressed syllables
- /k q/ [c] prior to /i ɨ/ and [ʉ]
- /k/ [c] prior to /e ɛ/
- Fricatives: /f v θ s z ʃ ʒ x/
- /s z/ [z] intervocallically and in very rapid speech
- /s z/ [s+ z+] when in close proximaty to /θ t_d_v t_d/
- /θ/ [ð] intervocallically and in very rapid speech
- /θ/ [θ- ð-] when in close proximaty to /s n l/
- /ʃ/ [ç] prior to /i ɨ/ and [ʉ]
- /ʃ ʒ/ [s z]~[ʃ ʒ] when "bracketed" by back vowels
- Approximants: /ʀ l ɭ/
- /ʀ/ [ɣ] unless initial
- /ʀ/ [ɣ] ~ [χ] ~ [ʀ] when initial, generally [ɣ] in more "colloquial" terms (Orthodox Lescealh Faraneit influence) [χ] in trade terms and political terms (Early Poleiseam Faraneik influence) and [ʀ] in local terms.
- /l ɭ/ [ɬ_v ɬ`_v] intervocallically and in very rapid speech
- /l ɭ/ [ɬ ɬ`] word finally
Vowels
- Front: /ɛ e i/
- /ɛ/ [ɜ] when unstressed
- /i/ [ɪ] when unstressed or rapid speech
- Central: /ɑ ɨ/
- /ɑ/ [ɒ] when unstressed
- /ɨ/ [ə] when unstressed
- Back: /ɔ o ʊ u/
- /ɔ/ [ɞ] when unstressed
- /ʊ/ [ɵ] when unstressed in more conservative registers
- /ʊ/ [ə] when unstressed in more innovative registers
- /u/ [ʉ] when unstressed
Nasalization
Nasalization always occurs in vowels prior to /n m/ and when spoken rapidly in vowels also following them.
| Normal | Nasal 1 | Nasal 2 |
|---|---|---|
| i | ɪ~ | ɘ~ |
| e | e~ | ɛ~ |
| ɛ | ɛ~ | ɜ~ |
| ɨ | ɨ~ | ɘ~ |
| ɑ | ɒ~ | ɒ~ |
| ɔ | ɔ~ | ɞ~ |
| o | o~ | ɔ~ |
| ʊ | ʊ~ | ɞ~ |
| u | ʊ~ | ɵ~ |
(Where nasal1 is a nasal vowel in a stressed syllable and nasal2 is a vowel in an unstressed sylllable)
Semi-Haplology
When there are two syllables with either /ɨ ʊ/ as the vowel and the first is stressed while the second is not, a form of haplology happens, under the correct circumstances. For /ɨ/, the second vowel needs to be bracketed by two voiced consonants, in order to delete. For example: neibeidej /ˈnɨp_vɨt_vˌeʒ/ simplifies as [ˈnɨp_vdeʒ] because both the consonant before and after are voiced.
/ʊ/, on the other hand, only deletes between nasals or approximants, as in leureumeih (/"lʊRʊmɨ/ ["lʊɣmə]).
Terminal Syllable Reduction
When a word ends on an unaccented syllable with a plosive onset, a "secondary" vowel (/ɛ ɔ ɪ ʊ/), and a fricative coda, there is a form of extreme reduction. In the place of that syllable, an affricate, based on the position of the plosive, and to a lesser degree the fricative, comes about. For example, hoateiv, /ɔtɨv/, is realized as [ɔts)] while hoateac, /ɔtɛx/, is realized as [ɔtʃ)].
To explain, /p/ along with any fricative creates [pf)], while /t/ with /x ʃ/ produces [tʃ)] but with any other produces [ts)]. /k/ with /ʃ/ also produces [tʃ)], but with any other, [kx)]. /q/, however, uniformally produces [qχ)].
Phonotactics
(C)v(C), no consonant clusters are permitted within words, except those arising due to haplology.
Vowel Clusters
- /a ɛ ɔ/ + any other vowel, [a: ɛ: ɔ:] or if unstressed [ɒ: ɜ: ɞ:]
- (other vowel) /i ɨ/ (other vowel), [j]
- (other vowel) /u ʊ/ (other vowel), [w].
- Otherwise, seperate vowel qualities are retained
Stress
Stress falls on the initial syllable about 90% of the time, but that remaining group is unpredictable. Stress is phonemic but highly unproductive, therefore.
Secondary stress is required on many affixes, notably on the terminal verb marker -ej.
