Proto-Persian': Difference between revisions
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| style="background:#DFFFDF" | Regular phonetic (subphonemic) mutations; may occur morpheme-internally--> | | style="background:#DFFFDF" | Regular phonetic (subphonemic) mutations; may occur morpheme-internally--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFDFFF" | Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically<br/>(Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!) | ||
|- | |||
| style="background:#BFFFBF" | Intermorphemic only | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | Intermorphemic mutations | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | Intermorphemic mutations | ||
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| style="background:#DFDFBF" | Sandhi | | style="background:#DFDFBF" | Sandhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DFDFDF" | | | style="background:#DFDFDF" | Epenthetic /ʊ/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
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! pʰ | ! pʰ | ||
| style="background:#DFDFDF" | N/A || tpʰ || kpʰ || qpʰ | | style="background:#DFDFDF" | N/A || tpʰ || kpʰ || qpʰ | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFDFFF" rowspan="3" valign="center" | ʰp || mpʰ || npʰ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! p | ! p | ||
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| style="background:#FFDFBF" | qtʰ | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | qtʰ | ||
| ktʰ || qtʰ | | ktʰ || qtʰ | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFDFFF" rowspan="3" valign="center" | ʰt || mtʰ || ntʰ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! t | ! t | ||
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| pkʰ || tkʰ | | pkʰ || tkʰ | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" colspan="2" align="center" | tkʰ | | style="background:#FFDFBF" colspan="2" align="center" | tkʰ | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFDFFF" rowspan="2" valign="center" | ʰk || mkʰ || nkʰ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! k | ! k | ||
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| pqʰ || tqʰ | | pqʰ || tqʰ | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" colspan="2" align="center" | tqʰ | | style="background:#FFDFBF" colspan="2" align="center" | tqʰ | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFDFFF" rowspan="2" valign="center" | ʰq || mqʰ || nqʰ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! q | ! q | ||
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| style="background:#DFDFDF" | N/A | | style="background:#DFDFDF" | N/A | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | qs || ks || qs | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | qs || ks || qs | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFFFBF" | hs || ms || ns | ||
|- | |- | ||
! ɬ | ! ɬ | ||
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| style="background:#FFDFBF" | kl | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | kl | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | ql | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | ql | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFFFBF" | hɬ || mɬ || nɬ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! χ | ! χ | ||
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| style="background:#FFDFBF" | qʀ | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | qʀ | ||
| style="background:#FFFFBF" | qʀ | | style="background:#FFFFBF" | qʀ | ||
| style="background:#FFFFBF" | hʀ || | | style="background:#FFFFBF" | hʀ || mʁ || nʁ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! h | ! h | ||
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| style="background:#FFDFBF" | kʰ | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | kʰ | ||
| style="background:#FFDFBF" | qʰ | | style="background:#FFDFBF" | qʰ | ||
| style="background:# | | style="background:#BFFFBF" | hh || mh || nh | ||
|- | |- | ||
! m | ! m | ||
Revision as of 01:13, 5 November 2007
Thanks to some of the oldest languages attested in writing (Tsonboran especially) belonging in the Persian' family, this protolang can reliably be traced all the way back to about -8ka, despite the family being relativly small. (Out of real language families, the "analog" of this might be Dravidian.)
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Central | Lateral | |||||
| Aspirate stops | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | ||
| Tenuis stops | p | t | k | q | ||
| Voiced stops | b | d | ||||
| Voiceless fricativs | s | ɬ | χ | h | ||
| Voiced continuants | m | n r | l | j w | ʁ | |
Cluster table
| Color key |
|---|
| Plain consonant clusters; may occur morpheme-internally |
| Contrast neutralization; occurs intermorphemically (Also interpretable as allophones of the aspirates, which do not occur intervocally!) |
| Intermorphemic only |
| Intermorphemic mutations |
| Sandhi |
| Epenthetic /ʊ/ |
| Coda → Onset ↓ |
p | t | k | q | h | m | n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pʰ | N/A | tpʰ | kpʰ | qpʰ | ʰp | mpʰ | npʰ |
| p | N/A | ʰtp | ʰkp | ʰqp | mp | np | |
| b | N/A | tb | kb | qb | m | ||
| tʰ | ptʰ | qtʰ | ktʰ | qtʰ | ʰt | mtʰ | ntʰ |
| t | ʰpt | ʰqt | ʰkt | ʰqt | mt | nt | |
| d | pd | tr | kd | qd | n | ||
| kʰ | pkʰ | tkʰ | tkʰ | ʰk | mkʰ | nkʰ | |
| k | ʰpk | ʰtk | ʰtk | mk | nk | ||
| qʰ | pqʰ | tqʰ | tqʰ | ʰq | mqʰ | nqʰ | |
| q | ʰpq | ʰtq | ʰtq | mq | nq | ||
| s | N/A | qs | ks | qs | hs | ms | ns |
| ɬ | N/A | ql | kl | ql | hɬ | mɬ | nɬ |
| χ | N/A | qʰ | hh | mχ | nχ | ||
| ʁ | N/A | tʀ | qʀ | qʀ | hʀ | mʁ | nʁ |
| h | pʰ | tʰ | kʰ | qʰ | hh | mh | nh |
| m | N/A | m | hm | m | |||
| n | N/A | n | hn | n | |||
| r | pr | tr | kr | qr | hr | ms | ns |
| l | pl | ql | kl | ql | hl | mɬ | nɬ |
| j | pj | tj | kj | kj | hj | mj | nj |
| w | N/A | tw | kw | qw | hw | m | nw |
Vowels
| Front | Non-Front | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short | Long | _j | _w | Short | Long | _j | _w | |
| Hi | ɪ | ɪː | ɪj | ɪw | ʊ | ʊː | ʊj | |
| Mid | e | eː | ej | ew | ɐ | ow | ||
| Lo | æ | æː | æj | æw | ɒː | |||
Former */ɑ ɑːɑj ɑw/ → /ɐ ɒː æj ow/ and */ʊw/ → /ow/.
