Proto-West Altaic': Difference between revisions
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(→Erly to late Proto-West Altaic': dialect differences) |
(fcuk, N/S mixed up; set up mid-PWA') |
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*/s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal | */s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal | ||
*Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs | *Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs | ||
*Retroflexes acquire velarization | *Retroflexes (but not the palato-alveolar sibilant allophones) acquire velarization | ||
*/w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF [[Proto-Betamax]]) | */w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF [[Proto-Betamax]]) | ||
*/N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em | |||
==Erly to | ==Erly to mid PWA'== | ||
ca. -3ka | |||
PWA' had three main dialects: Northern, spoken in the vicinity of the Aral Sea; and Southern, spoken across a wide area south of this, further broken down to West proper just south of the Caspian Sea, and [[Proto-Sadabax]], spoken around where Samarkand exists in | |||
Middle PWA' had three main dialects: [[Northern Altaic'|Northern]], spoken in the vicinity of the Aral Sea; and Southern, spoken across a wide area south of this, further broken down to West proper just south of the Caspian Sea, and [[Proto-Sadabax]], spoken around where Samarkand exists in reality. | |||
*/x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/ | */x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/ | ||
*Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently | *Retroflex stops (but generally not affricates) → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently | ||
*POA chain shift. The results differ a bit by the dialect: | *POA chain shift involving labials. The results differ a bit by the dialect: | ||
**1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ ( | **1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ (South), /pˠ m kʴ/ (North) | ||
**2) /p f fˤ/ → /t̻ θ ??/ ( | **2) /p f fˤ/ → /t̻ θ ??/ (South), /pʲ fʲ fˠ/ (North) (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences) | ||
*Associated approximant drift | *Associated approximant drift | ||
**/l/ → /n̻/ | **/l/ → /n̻/ | ||
**/j/ → /ɟ/ → /dʲ/ ( | **/j/ → /ɟ/ → /dʲ/ (North), → /d̻/ (South) | ||
**/w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ (→ /bˤ/ | **/w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ (North), → /bˤ/ (South) | ||
*/ts/ → /θ/ (only in | */ts/ → /θ/ (only in West) | ||
*/q/ → /ʔ/ ( | */q/ → /ʔ/ (South), /kʴ/ (North) | ||
*/θ/ → /s̻/ (→ /sʲ/ in the | */θ/ → /s̻/ (→ /sʲ/ in North and Sadabax) | ||
==Mid to late PWA'== | |||
ca. -1.5ka | |||
*/t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/ (with the [ʧ] allophone also generalized to both stops) | |||
*Fricativ voicing | *Fricativ voicing | ||
*/d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?) | */d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?) | ||
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Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem. | (Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.) | ||
Revision as of 04:41, 1 November 2007
Proto-Altaic' to Erly Proto-West Altaic'
- /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
- Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
- Retroflexes (but not the palato-alveolar sibilant allophones) acquire velarization
- /w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF Proto-Betamax)
- /N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em
Erly to mid PWA'
ca. -3ka
Middle PWA' had three main dialects: Northern, spoken in the vicinity of the Aral Sea; and Southern, spoken across a wide area south of this, further broken down to West proper just south of the Caspian Sea, and Proto-Sadabax, spoken around where Samarkand exists in reality.
- /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
- Retroflex stops (but generally not affricates) → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently
- POA chain shift involving labials. The results differ a bit by the dialect:
- 1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ (South), /pˠ m kʴ/ (North)
- 2) /p f fˤ/ → /t̻ θ ??/ (South), /pʲ fʲ fˠ/ (North) (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences)
- Associated approximant drift
- /l/ → /n̻/
- /j/ → /ɟ/ → /dʲ/ (North), → /d̻/ (South)
- /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ (North), → /bˤ/ (South)
- /ts/ → /θ/ (only in West)
- /q/ → /ʔ/ (South), /kʴ/ (North)
- /θ/ → /s̻/ (→ /sʲ/ in North and Sadabax)
Mid to late PWA'
ca. -1.5ka
- /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/ (with the [ʧ] allophone also generalized to both stops)
- Fricativ voicing
- /d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?)
| Labial | Lamino- dental |
Apico- postalveolar |
Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain | Emphatic | Plain | Emphatic | |||||
| Voiceless stops | p | pˤ | t̻ | ṯ | ṯˤ | k | ʔ | |
| Voiced stops | b | bˤ | d̻ | ḏ | ḏˤ | ɡ | ||
| Voiceless fricativs | s̻ | s̱ | ʂˣ | ħ | h | |||
| Voiced fricativs | z̻ | ẕ | ʐˠ | ʕ | ||||
| Nasals | m | mˤ | n̻ | ṉ | ŋ | |||
| Laterals | l̻ | ḻ | ɫ | |||||
(Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.)
