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Proto-West Altaic': Difference between revisions

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Changes from [[Proto-Altaic']] to Late Proto-West Altaic':
==[[Proto-Altaic']] to Erly Proto-West Altaic'==
*/s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
*/s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
**after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
***after which /ts/ → /θ/
*Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
*Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
**after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
*Retroflexes acquire velarization
*Retroflexes acquire velarization
**after which stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently
*/w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF [[Proto-Betamax]])
 
==Erly to late Proto-West Altaic'==
Late PWA' = ca. -3ka
*/N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em
*/x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
*Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently
*POA chain shift
*POA chain shift
**1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/
**1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
**1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
**2) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/ (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences)
**1c) /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/
**3) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/
**2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels
*Associated approximant drift
**2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
**/l/ → /n̻/
**3a) /q/ → /ʔ/
**/j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
**3b) /θ/ → /s̻/
**/w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/
*/l/ → /n̻/
*/ts/ → /θ/ (retained in eastern dialects)
*/q/ → /ʔ/
*/θ/ → /s̻/
*Fricativ voicing
*Fricativ voicing
*...
*/d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?)


<!-- m?\ revittäneen assimilatorisesti (muist. myös vokaaliefektit), f?\ huitsinnevadaan kthxbye-->
<!-- m?\ revittäneen assimilatorisesti (muist. myös vokaaliefektit), f?\ huitsinnevadaan kthxbye; mistä hitosta d- tulee??-->


{|
{|
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| align="center" | ḏ
| align="center" | ḏ
| align="center" | ḏˤ
| align="center" | ḏˤ
| align="center" | g
| align="center" | ɡ
|-
|-
! Voiceless fricativs
! Voiceless fricativs
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|
|
| align="center" | ŋ
| align="center" | ŋ
|-
! Laterals
| ||
| align="center" | l̻
| align="center" | ḻ
| align="center" | ɫ
|-
|-
|}
|}


Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.
Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.
/ṯ ḏ s̱ ẕ ṯˤ ḏˤ/ → [ʧ ʤ ʃ ʒ k ɡ] before front vowels

Revision as of 04:33, 15 September 2007

Proto-Altaic' to Erly Proto-West Altaic'

  • /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
  • Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
  • Retroflexes acquire velarization
  • /w/ is also possibly alreddy [βˠ] by this stage (areal influence? CF Proto-Betamax)

Erly to late Proto-West Altaic'

Late PWA' = ca. -3ka

  • /N/ drops before affricates and [ɖ], phonemicizing 'em
  • /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
  • Retroflex stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /ɡ/ consistently
  • POA chain shift
    • 1) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
    • 2) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/ (/m/ is not pushed due to distributional differences)
    • 3) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/
  • Associated approximant drift
    • /l/ → /n̻/
    • /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
    • /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/
  • /ts/ → /θ/ (retained in eastern dialects)
  • /q/ → /ʔ/
  • /θ/ → /s̻/
  • Fricativ voicing
  • /d̻ ḏ ḏˤ/ → /l̻ ḻ ɫ/ conditionally (pretonic intervocalic maybe?)


Labial Lamino-
dental 		Apico-
postalveolar 		Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
Plain Emphatic Plain Emphatic
Voiceless stops p pˤ t̻ ṯ ṯˤ k ʔ
Voiced stops b bˤ d̻ ḏ ḏˤ ɡ
Voiceless fricativs s̻ s̱ ʂˣ ħ h
Voiced fricativs z̻ ẕ ʐˠ ʕ
Nasals m mˤ n̻ ṉ ŋ
Laterals l̻ ḻ ɫ

Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.

/ṯ ḏ s̱ ẕ ṯˤ ḏˤ/ → [ʧ ʤ ʃ ʒ k ɡ] before front vowels

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