Proto-West Altaic': Difference between revisions

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(Proto-West Altaic' initial dump)
(table)
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**after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
**after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
***after which /ts/ → /θ/
***after which /ts/ → /θ/
*Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe?) to fricativs
*Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
**after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
**after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
*Retroflexes acquire velarization
*Retroflexes acquire velarization
**after which → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere (except [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently)
**after which stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently
*POA chain shift
*POA chain shift
**1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/
**1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/
**1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
**1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
**1c) /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/
**2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels
**2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels
**2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
**2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
**2c) /q/ → /ʔ/
**3a) /q/ → /ʔ/
**3) /θ/ → /s̻/
**3b) /θ/ → /s̻/
(These should be laminality signs (subsc. square), not dentality signs (subsc. bridge).)
*/l/ → /n̻/
*Fricativ voicing
*...


<!-- b?\ m?\ revittäneen assimilatorisesti. f?\ w huitsinnevadaan kthxbye. Fricativ voicing.
<!-- m?\ revittäneen assimilatorisesti (muist. myös vokaaliefektit), f?\ huitsinnevadaan kthxbye-->


{|
{|
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| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | Labial
! colspan="2" | Labial
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>alveolar
! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>dental
! rowspan="2" | Apico-<br/>postalveolar
! colspan="2" | Apico-<br/>postalveolar
! rowspan="2" | Retroflex
! rowspan="2" | Velar
! colspan="2" | Velar
! rowspan="2" | Pharyngeal
! rowspan="2" | Pharyngeal
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
! rowspan="2" | Glottal
|-
|-
!<small>Plain</small>
!<small>Plain</small>
!<small>Pharyngealized</small>
!<small>Emphatic</small>
◌̱!<small>Plain</small>
!<small>Plain</small>
!<small>Labialized</small>
!<small>Emphatic</small>
|-
|-
! Voiceless stops
! Voiceless stops
Line 39: Line 41:
| align="center" | t̻
| align="center" | t̻
| align="center" | ṯ
| align="center" | ṯ
| align="center" | ʈˠ
| align="center" | ṯˤ
| align="center" | k
| align="center" | k
| align="center" | kʷ
|
| align="center" | q
| align="center" | ʔ
| align="center" | qʷ
|-
|-
! Voiced stops
! Voiced stops
Line 50: Line 51:
| align="center" | d̻
| align="center" | d̻
| align="center" | ḏ
| align="center" | ḏ
| align="center" | ɖˠ
| align="center" | ḏˤ
| align="center" | g
| align="center" | g
|-
|-
! Fricativs
! Voiceless fricativs
| align="center" | f
|
|
|
| align="center" | s̻
| align="center" | s̻
| align="center" | s̱
| align="center" | s̱
| align="center" | ɧ
| align="center" | ʂˣ
|
| align="center" | ħ
| align="center" | h
|-
! Voiced fricativs
|
|
| align="center" | z̻
| align="center" | ẕ
| align="center" | ʐˠ
|
| align="center" | ʕ
|-
|-
! Nasals
! Nasals
| align="center" | m
| align="center" | m
| align="center" | mˤ
| align="center" | mˤ
| align="center" | n
| align="center" | n̻
| align="center" | ṉ
| align="center" | ṉ
|
|
| align="center" | ŋ
| align="center" | ŋ
|-
|-
! Approximants
|}
|
 
| align="center" | l
Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.
| align="center" |
| align="right" | j ||
| align="center" | w
|-
|}-->

Revision as of 04:19, 14 September 2007

Changes from Proto-Altaic' to Late Proto-West Altaic':

  • /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
    • after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
      • after which /ts/ → /θ/
  • Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe??) to fricativs
    • after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
  • Retroflexes acquire velarization
    • after which stops → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere; [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently
  • POA chain shift
    • 1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/
    • 1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
    • 1c) /w/ → /βˠ/ → /bˠ/ →/bˤ/
    • 2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels
    • 2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
    • 3a) /q/ → /ʔ/
    • 3b) /θ/ → /s̻/
  • /l/ → /n̻/
  • Fricativ voicing
  • ...


Labial Lamino-
dental 		Apico-
postalveolar 		Velar Pharyngeal Glottal
Plain Emphatic Plain Emphatic
Voiceless stops p pˤ t̻ ṯ ṯˤ k ʔ
Voiced stops b bˤ d̻ ḏ ḏˤ g
Voiceless fricativs s̻ s̱ ʂˣ ħ h
Voiced fricativs z̻ ẕ ʐˠ ʕ
Nasals m mˤ n̻ ṉ ŋ

Depending on the font, the laminality signs (subsc. square) may look like dentality sings (subsc. bridge), but since they're dental anyway, that's no problem.

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