Proto-West Altaic': Difference between revisions
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(New page: Changes from Proto-Altaic': *Sibilants → affricates and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal **after which /N/ drops before the affricates, phonemicizing 'em *** *Retroflexes acqui...) |
(Proto-West Altaic' initial dump) |
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Changes from [[Proto-Altaic']]: | Changes from [[Proto-Altaic']] to Late Proto-West Altaic': | ||
* | */s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal | ||
**after which /N/ drops | **after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em | ||
*** | ***after which /ts/ → /θ/ | ||
*Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe?) to fricativs | *Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe?) to fricativs | ||
**after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/ | **after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/ | ||
<!--{| | *Retroflexes acquire velarization | ||
**after which → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere (except [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently) | |||
*POA chain shift | |||
**1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/ | |||
**1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/ | |||
**2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels | |||
**2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/ | |||
**2c) /q/ → /ʔ/ | |||
**3) /θ/ → /s̻/ | |||
(These should be laminality signs (subsc. square), not dentality signs (subsc. bridge).) | |||
<!-- b?\ m?\ revittäneen assimilatorisesti. f?\ w huitsinnevadaan kthxbye. Fricativ voicing. | |||
{| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" | | | rowspan="2" | | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Labial | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" | Lamino-<br/>alveolar | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" | Apico-<br/>postalveolar | ||
! rowspan="2" | | ! rowspan="2" | Retroflex | ||
! colspan="2" | Velar | ! colspan="2" | Velar | ||
! | ! rowspan="2" | Pharyngeal | ||
! rowspan="2" | Glottal | |||
|- | |- | ||
!<small>Plain</small> | !<small>Plain</small> | ||
!<small> | !<small>Pharyngealized</small> | ||
!<small>Plain</small> | ◌̱!<small>Plain</small> | ||
!<small>Labialized</small> | !<small>Labialized</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiceless stops | ! Voiceless stops | ||
| align="center" | p | | align="center" | p | ||
| align="center" | | | align="center" | pˤ | ||
| align="center" | | | align="center" | t̻ | ||
| align="center" | ṯ | |||
| align="center" | ʈˠ | |||
| align="center" | k | | align="center" | k | ||
| align="center" | kʷ | | align="center" | kʷ | ||
| Line 30: | Line 45: | ||
| align="center" | qʷ | | align="center" | qʷ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced stops | ||
| align="center" | b | | align="center" | b | ||
| align="center" | bˤ | |||
| align="center" | d̻ | |||
| align="center" | ḏ | |||
| align="center" | ɖˠ | |||
| align="center" | g | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricativs | ! Fricativs | ||
| align="center" | f | | align="center" | f | ||
| align="center" | | | | ||
| align="center" | | | align="center" | s̻ | ||
| align="center" | s̱ | |||
| align="center" | ɧ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Nasals | ! Nasals | ||
| align="center" | m | | align="center" | m | ||
| align="center" | mˤ | |||
| align="center" | n | | align="center" | n | ||
| align="center" | ṉ | |||
| | |||
| align="center" | ŋ | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Approximants | ! Approximants | ||
| | | | ||
| align="center" | l | | align="center" | l | ||
| align="center" | | | align="center" | | ||
| align="right" | j || | | align="right" | j || | ||
| align="center" | w | | align="center" | w | ||
|- | |- | ||
|}--> | |}--> | ||
Revision as of 04:33, 14 September 2007
Changes from Proto-Altaic' to Late Proto-West Altaic':
- /s ʂ/ → [ts tʂ] and /ɽ/ → [ɖ] when initial or prenasal
- after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
- after which /ts/ → /θ/
- after which /N/ drops here, phonemicizing 'em
- Conditional lenition of dorsal stops (before a certain subset of vowels maybe?) to fricativs
- after which: /x xʷ Nx Nxʷ χ χʷ Nχ Nχʷ/ → /h f ŋh ŋʷh ħ fˤ ŋħ ŋʷħ/
- Retroflexes acquire velarization
- after which → velars before front vowels, emphatics elsewhere (except [ɽˠ] → /g/ consistently)
- POA chain shift
- 1a) /p f/ → /t̻ θ/
- 1b) /j/ → /ɟ/ → /d̻/
- 2a) /t tʂ s n/ → /ṯ ṯ s̱ ṉ/, obstruents = [ʧ ʃ] before front vowels
- 2b) /kʷ ŋʷ qʷ/ → /p m pˤ/
- 2c) /q/ → /ʔ/
- 3) /θ/ → /s̻/
(These should be laminality signs (subsc. square), not dentality signs (subsc. bridge).)
