Modern Standard Imperial: Difference between revisions
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|align=center| ā /A:/ | |align=center| ā /A:/ | ||
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'''Phonetic Realization and Allophonic Variation''' | |||
Consonants | |||
* Most consonants have different allophones for initial, intervocalic, and coda situations: | |||
{| border=1 | |||
|- | |||
! Phoneme || Initial || Intervocalic || Coda | |||
|- | |||
|p || [p_h] || [b] || [p_}] | |||
|- | |||
|b || [b_<] || [B] || [p_}] | |||
|- | |||
|ph || [f] || [f] || [f] | |||
|- | |||
|t || [t_h] || [d] || [t_}] | |||
|- | |||
|d || [d_<] || [D] || [t_}] | |||
|- | |||
|c || [tS_h] || [tS] || [k_}] | |||
|- | |||
|j || [dZ] || [dZ] || [k_}] | |||
|- | |||
|k || [k_h] || [g] || [k_}] | |||
|- | |||
|g || [g_<] || [G] || [k_}] | |||
|- | |||
|q || [q] || [?] || [?] | |||
|- | |||
|f || [f] || [v] || [v] | |||
|- | |||
|s || [s] || [z] || [h] | |||
|- | |||
|m || [m] || [~B] || [~B] | |||
|- | |||
|n || [n] || [~D] || [~] | |||
|- | |||
|l | |||
|- | |||
|r | |||
== Inflectional Morphology == | == Inflectional Morphology == |
Revision as of 14:02, 2 September 2007
Phonology
Phonemic Inventory
Consonants
POA | Labials | Dentals | Palatals | Velars | Gutturals |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fortis stops | p /p/ | t /t/ | c /tS/ | k /k/ | q /q/ |
Lenis stops | b /b/ | d /d/ | j /dZ/ | g /g/ | |
Fortis fricatives | ph /f/ | th /T/ | ch /C/ | kh /x/ | qh /H\/ |
Lenis fricatives | f /f/ | s /s/ | ç /C/ | x /x/ | gh /<\/ |
Nasals | m /m/ | n /n/ | |||
Liquids | l /l/ | r /R/ | |||
Glides | (u) /w/ | (i) /j/ | (u) /w/ |
Vowels
POA | Front Short | Front Long | Front Rounded | Near-Front Long | Central Short | Central Long | Near-Back Long | Back Short | Back Long |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Close | i /i/ | ī /i:/ | ue /y:/ | u /u/ | ū /u:/ | ||||
Near-close | īh /I:/ | ūh /U:/ | |||||||
Close-Mid | ē /e:/ | ō /o:/ | |||||||
Mid | |||||||||
Open-Mid | e /E/ | ēh /E:/ | oe /2:/ | o /O/ | ōh /O:/ | ||||
Near-Open | |||||||||
Open | a /a/ | ā /a:/ | ā /A:/ |
Phonetic Realization and Allophonic Variation
Consonants
- Most consonants have different allophones for initial, intervocalic, and coda situations:
Phoneme | Initial | Intervocalic | Coda |
---|---|---|---|
p | [p_h] | [b] | [p_}] |
b | [b_<] | [B] | [p_}] |
ph | [f] | [f] | [f] |
t | [t_h] | [d] | [t_}] |
d | [d_<] | [D] | [t_}] |
c | [tS_h] | [tS] | [k_}] |
j | [dZ] | [dZ] | [k_}] |
k | [k_h] | [g] | [k_}] |
g | [g_<] | [G] | [k_}] |
q | [q] | [?] | [?] |
f | [f] | [v] | [v] |
s | [s] | [z] | [h] |
m | [m] | [~B] | [~B] |
n | [n] | [~D] | [~] |
l | |||
r
Inflectional MorphologySyntax |