Hemackle vowel system: Difference between revisions
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| colspan="2" align="center" | í | | colspan="2" align="center" | í | ||
| align="center" | i | | align="center" | i | ||
| align="center" | ɪ | | align="center" | ɪ / ‘əɪ̥’<sup>3</sup> | ||
| align="center" | i | | align="center" | i | ||
| align="center" | ɪ | | align="center" | ɪ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ‘iu’<sup>2</sup> | | colspan="4" align="center" | ‘iu’<sup>2, 4</sup> | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘ìu’ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ‘ìu’ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iú’ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iú’ | ||
| Line 59: | Line 59: | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iý’ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ‘iý’ | ||
| align="center" | i | | align="center" | i | ||
| align="center" | ɪ | | align="center" | ɪ / ‘əɪ̥’<sup>3</sup> | ||
| align="center" | jy | | align="center" | jy | ||
| align="center" | jʏ | | align="center" | jʏ | ||
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ‘eo’<sup>2</sup> | | colspan="4" align="center" | ‘eo’<sup>2, 4</sup> | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘èu’ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ‘èu’ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ‘ió’ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ‘ió’ | ||
| Line 136: | Line 136: | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ̀ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ̀ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ́ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ɐ́ | ||
| colspan=" | | align="center" | ɐ | ||
| colspan=" | | align="center" | ʌ | ||
| align="center" | ɐ | |||
| align="center" | ʌ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | e | |||
| colspan="12" align="left" | (''see'' '''e''' ''above'') | |||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ai | | colspan="4" align="center" | ai | ||
| Line 186: | Line 192: | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | œ̄ | | colspan="4" align="center" | œ̄ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ | | colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ<sub>1</sub> | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | yǽ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ | | colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː | | colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː | ||
| Line 198: | Line 204: | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | uú | | colspan="2" align="center" | uú | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | úː | | colspan="2" align="center" | úː<sub>1</sub> | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | uʊ̥ | | colspan="2" align="center" | uʊ̥ | ||
| Line 213: | Line 219: | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | | colspan="4" align="center" | | ||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ø̄ | | colspan="4" align="center" | ø̄ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | œ̀ɐ<sub>2</sub> | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ɔ̀ɐ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | œʏ̥ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | o | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | o | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ò | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ó | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ò | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ó | |||
| align="center" | o | |||
| align="center" | ɔ | |||
| align="center" | o | |||
| align="center" | ɔ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ø | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ø̀ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ǿ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ø̀ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ǿ | |||
| align="center" | ø | |||
| align="center" | œ | |||
| align="center" | ø | |||
| align="center" | œ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ū | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ū | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ùɐ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́ | | colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | ùː<sub>2</sub> | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | uɐ́ː | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | | | colspan="2" align="center" | əʊ̥ | ||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɐə̥ | | colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɐə̥ | ||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | ȳ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳɐ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳː | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | yǽː | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | əʏ̥ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | u | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | u | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ù | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ú | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ù | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ú | |||
| align="center" | u | |||
| align="center" | ʊ | |||
| align="center" | u | |||
| align="center" | ʊ | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | | |||
| colspan="4" align="center" | y | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ý | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ỳ | |||
| colspan="2" align="center" | ý | |||
| align="center" | y | |||
| align="center" | ʏ | |||
| align="center" | y | |||
| align="center" | ʏ | |||
|} | |} | ||
<sup>1</sup><br> | <sup>1</sup> Here we refer to a stage in the language's development when Frisian and Hemackle were sister dialects of the Ingvaeonic isogloss.<br> | ||
<sup>2</sup> | <sup>2</sup> This is the result of PGmc <ī, ē> in an environment which causes fracture.<br> | ||
<sup>3</sup> Before a nasal in a closed syllable with Middle Hemackle grave accent, PGmc <nowiki><i></nowiki> becomes the diphthong <‘əɪ̥’>, a short diphthong sounded for one mora-length.<br> | |||
<sup>4</sup> Here to denote a short, one mora-length diphthong, I'm using Voyles' notation. | |||
Latest revision as of 13:43, 20 August 2007
| PGmc | Fris-Hm 1 | OHm | MHm | NHm | |||||||||||||||
| Grave | Acute | Grave | Acute | ||||||||||||||||
| open | closed | open | closed | ||||||||||||||||
| ī | ī | ìɐ | iɐ́ | ìː1 | iǽː | əɪ̥ | jɛɪ̥ | ||||||||||||
| ˈiu2 | ìu | iú | ìʊ̥ː1 | iýː | əɪ̥ | jəʏ̥ | |||||||||||||
| i | i | ì | í | ì | í | i | ɪ / ‘əɪ̥’3 | i | ɪ | ||||||||||
| ‘iu’2, 4 | ‘ìu’ | ‘iú’ | ì | ‘iý’ | i | ɪ / ‘əɪ̥’3 | jy | jʏ | |||||||||||
| ē | ē | ìɐ | iɐ́ | ìː2 | iǽː | iɪ̥ | jɛɪ̥ | ||||||||||||
| ˈeo | èu | ió | ìʊ̥ː2 | iǿː | iɪ̥ | jøʏ̥ | |||||||||||||
| e | e | è | é | è | é | e | ɛ | e | ɛ | ||||||||||
| ‘eo’2, 4 | ‘èu’ | ‘ió’ | è | ‘iǿ’ | e | ɛ | jø | jœ | |||||||||||
| eu | ˈiu | ìu | iú | ìʊ̥ː1 | iýː | əɪ̥ | jəʏ̥ | ||||||||||||
| ˈeo | èu | ió | ìʊ̥ː2 | iǿː | iɪ̥ | jøʏ̥ | |||||||||||||
| ā | ā | àɐ | əɐ́ | ɐ̀ː | ɐ́ː | ɐə̥ | ɐə̥ | ||||||||||||
| a | a | à | á | ɐ̀ | ɐ́ | ɐ | ʌ | ɐ | ʌ | ||||||||||
| e | (see e above) | ||||||||||||||||||
| ai | ā | àɐ | əɐ́ | ɐ̀ː | ɐ́ː | ɐə̥ | ɐə̥ | ||||||||||||
| ɛ̄ | ɛ̀ɐ | iɐ́ | ɛ̀ː | iǽː | ɛɪ̥ | jɛɪ̥ | |||||||||||||
| ˈɛɐ | ɛ̀ɐ | iɐ́ | ɛ̀ː | iǽː | ɛɪ̥ | jɛɪ̥ | |||||||||||||
| ˈɛi | ɛí | íː2 | iɪ̥ | ||||||||||||||||
| au | ɔ̄ | ɔ̀ɐ | uɐ́ | ɔ̀ɐ1 | uɐ́ː | ɔə̥ | ʊ̥ɐə̥ | ||||||||||||
| œ̄ | œ̀ɐ1 | yǽ | œ̀ɐ | yǽː | œə̥ | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥ | |||||||||||||
| ˈɔu | uú | úː1 | uʊ̥ | ||||||||||||||||
| ō | ō | òɐ | uɐ́ | ɔ̀ɐ2 | uɐ́ː | ɛʊ̥ | ʊ̥ɐə̥ | ||||||||||||
| ø̄ | œ̀ɐ2 | yǽ | ɔ̀ɐ | yǽː | œʏ̥ | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥ | |||||||||||||
| o | o | ò | ó | ò | ó | o | ɔ | o | ɔ | ||||||||||
| ø | ø̀ | ǿ | ø̀ | ǿ | ø | œ | ø | œ | |||||||||||
| ū | ū | ùɐ | uɐ́ | ùː2 | uɐ́ː | əʊ̥ | ʊ̥ɐə̥ | ||||||||||||
| ȳ | ỳɐ | yǽ | ỳː | yǽː | əʏ̥ | ʊ̥ɛɪ̥ | |||||||||||||
| u | u | ù | ú | ù | ú | u | ʊ | u | ʊ | ||||||||||
| y | ỳ | ý | ỳ | ý | y | ʏ | y | ʏ | |||||||||||
1 Here we refer to a stage in the language's development when Frisian and Hemackle were sister dialects of the Ingvaeonic isogloss.
2 This is the result of PGmc <ī, ē> in an environment which causes fracture.
3 Before a nasal in a closed syllable with Middle Hemackle grave accent, PGmc <i> becomes the diphthong <‘əɪ̥’>, a short diphthong sounded for one mora-length.
4 Here to denote a short, one mora-length diphthong, I'm using Voyles' notation.
