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Þolb: Difference between revisions

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Nouns are divided into several classes, depending on the type of item. Each class has a special set of pronouns. Ony classes one and two have a first person pronoun. Several of the classes have special words that may belong only to those classes, as well as special affixes. Some words may fall into several classes.
Nouns are divided into several classes, depending on the type of item. Each class has a special set of pronouns. Ony classes one and two have a first person pronoun. Several of the classes have special words that may belong only to those classes, as well as special affixes. Some words may fall into several classes.


Nouns have four cases: Ergative, absolutive, genetive and dative.
Nouns have two cases: a combined ergative/genetive, absolutive.


===1. Divine/humans of a higher status - ''twilmerd''===
This class is used to describe the divine as well as those of a higher social status than oneself, usually royalty. This is the smallest class of nouns.


====Prefixes====


*'''Plural marker''' = wen-
*'''Ergative marker''' = keþ-
*'''Genetive marker''' = þû-
*'''Dative marker''' = tir-


====Pronouns====
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;
|-
!Pronouns!!Absolutive!!Ergative!!Genitive!!Dative
|-
|'''First person'''|| waþelb||keþwaþelb||þûwaþelb|| tirwaþelb
|-
|'''Second person'''||nurlemp||keþnurlemp|| þûnurlemp||tirnurlemp
|-
|'''Third person'''||klondrempt||keþklondrempt||þûklondrempt||tirklondrempt
|}


====Special words====
====Special words====
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*twilmerd - important person/VIP
*twilmerd - important person/VIP


===2. Humans===
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;
*'''Plural prefix''' = we-, yo-, kwe-
|-
*'''Ergative marker''' = k
!Markers!Ergative/Genetive!Absolutive
*'''Genetive marker''' = þ
|k|(þ)
*'''Dative marker''' = t
|Singular|
|
 
 
*'''Absolutive marker''' = þ
 


====Pronouns====
====Pronouns====
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{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse;
|-
|-
!Singular pronouns!!Absolutive!!Ergative!!Genitive!!Dative
!Singular pronouns!!Absolutive!!Ergative/Genitive
|-
|-
|'''First person'''||þkwâm||k þkwâm||þ þkwâm||t þkwâm
|'''First person'''||þkwâm||k þkwâm
|-
|-
|'''Second person'''||meþt||k meþt||þ meþt||t meþt
|'''Second person'''||meþt||k meþt
|-
|-
|'''Third person'''||klont||k klont||þ klont||t klont
|'''Third person'''||klont||k klont
|}
|}


Revision as of 10:06, 18 August 2007

Þolb - Þolb texts | Þolb phrase book | Þolb vocabulary >>


there are no prepostions. these are done with adverbs.

Overview

Þolb is an ergative-absolutive language. Word order is generally Patient-Verb-Agent.

Nouns - ðâpþtpontek

Nouns are divided into several classes, depending on the type of item. Each class has a special set of pronouns. Ony classes one and two have a first person pronoun. Several of the classes have special words that may belong only to those classes, as well as special affixes. Some words may fall into several classes.

Nouns have two cases: a combined ergative/genetive, absolutive.



Special words

  • kþeltomp - man or woman, person
  • þmeltilb - God
  • þkwelmport - King
  • twilmerd - important person/VIP
Markers!Ergative/Genetive!Absolutive (þ)


  • Absolutive marker = þ


Pronouns

Singular pronouns Absolutive Ergative/Genitive
First person þkwâm k þkwâm
Second person meþt k meþt
Third person klont k klont

Second and third person plural pronouns always take the prefix kwe- First person plural pronouns are treated differently. See below.

Plural pronouns Absolutive Ergative Genitive Dative
Second person kwemeþt k kwemeþt þ kwemeþt t kwemeþt
Third person kweklont k kweklont þ kweklont t kweklont

First person plural pronouns are distinct words. Unlike English, the first person plural pronouns distinguish who is included in "we".

We pronouns Absolutive Ergative Genitive Dative
I + you (not he she or they) hegrâl k hegrâl þ hegrâl t hegrâl
I + he, she or they (not you) þkim k þkim þ þkim t þkim
I + he, she or they +you bwok k bwok þ bwok t bwok

Special words

3. Animals

4. Inanimate objects

5. Places

Verbs - ðâpþthempt

Compared to the complex class system of nouns, verbs are relatively simple. Verbs fall into two types, transitive and intransitive.

There is no tense in the language, but aspect. Aspect and mood are expressed by prefixes to the verbs. These words may be combined together.

verbs perfective continuous habitually negative
imperative mok- þkek- hem- lâmp-
would mâr- þâr- hâr- lâr-
negative mek- þek- hek- lek-
positive mi- þi- hi- li-
want milþ- þilþ- hilþ- lilþ-
must mu- þu- hu- lu-
can muþ- þuþ- huþ- luþ-
need men- þen- hen- len-
  • þke- to make, cause
  • kwo- to become

Adjectives and adverbs

"Natural" adjectives follow the noun and a particle m. For example: þkor m tilmp "blue water"

  • tem- (“made of” or “being a”): hirþ m temþkor “a water-way”, i.e. “a way made of water”.
  • twu- (“of” or “relating to”) roptr m twuþkor “water sports”.
  • kint- (“having” or “full of”): hirþ m kintþkor “a way full of water”.

Adjectives are usually considered nouns. so...

Alphabet - kormpbarþt

a â b d ð e g h k l m n ng o p r t þ u û w y

Examples

  • Darm halb remp.
  • The man has arrived.
  • Þkek meþt wipt k þkwâm.
  • I love you.
  • Milk halb gelþ t kolm r melm.
  • The man walked into the house.
  • Þkek þkor kwemp.
  • The water is boiling.
  • Þkek mantr þkekwemp k klont.
  • I am boiling the potato.

<<

  • Walm gelþ kolm balþteþ r grûmp.
  • The girl walked inside the house.

>>

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