Classical Diūn: Difference between revisions

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''Also know as Djuun, Dyuun, Classical Djūn.
''Also know as Djuun, Dyuun, Classical Djūn.
Intellectual Property of Samuel Martinez also known as "Mezzo" and "Sæm"''
Intellectual Property of Samuel Martinez also known as "Mezzo" and "Sæm"''
{|border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#6666FF" align="center" |'''Classical Djūn'''
|-
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
||Djūn
|-
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
||Hjūd
|-
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
||extinct
|-
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
||Proto-Djūn<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Classical Djūn'''
|-
|valign="top"|Basic word order:
||SOV
|-
|valign="top"|Morphological type:
||semi-agglutinating
|-
|valign="top"|Morphosyntactic alignment:
||[[Not-Available]]
|-
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#6666FF" align="center" |'''Created by:'''
|-
||[[User:Mezzo|Samuel Martinez]] || 2007-
|}





Revision as of 23:58, 29 April 2007

Also know as Djuun, Dyuun, Classical Djūn. Intellectual Property of Samuel Martinez also known as "Mezzo" and "Sæm"

Classical Djūn
Spoken in: Djūn
Timeline/Universe: Hjūd
Total speakers: extinct
Genealogical classification: Proto-Djūn

  Classical Djūn

Basic word order: SOV
Morphological type: semi-agglutinating
Morphosyntactic alignment: Not-Available
Created by:
Samuel Martinez 2007-


Phonology

Plosive /p b t d t` d` k g/ /p b t d ʈ ɖ k g/ <p b t d th dh c,k g>

Nasal /m n n`/ /m n ɳ/ <m n nh>

Fricative /f v s z s` z` h/ /f v s z ʂ ʐ h/ <f,ph v,bh s z sh zh h>

Affricate /ts tS/ /ts tʃ/ <cc,ċ ch>

Approximant /r\ j/ /ɹ j/ <r j,y>

Lateral Approximant /l/ /l/ <l>


Close /i: u:/ /i: u:/ <ī,ȳ ū>

Close Lax /I U/ /ɪ ʊ/ <i,y u>

Close-Mid /e: o:/ /e: o:/ <ē ō>

Mid Lax /@/ /ə/<ë>

Open-Mid /E O/ /ɛ ɔ/ <e o>

Open Lax /{:/ /æ:/ <ā>

Open /A/ /ɑ/ <a>


short /I U E O A/ <i,y u e o a>

long /i u e o {/ <ī,ȳ ū ē ō ā>

neutral /@/ <ë>


Diphthongs /OI aI aU/ <oi ai au>


*Some more conservative dialects retained /Y y/ <y ȳ>


Syllable Structure



CV(C)

Stress is on the first syllable


Allophones



All plosives become aspirated at the end of a word

[N] occurs at the end of words as an allophone of /n/

[J] occurs as an allophone of /n/ word medial

[dZ] is an allophone of /g/ that occures medially

[T] is an allophone of /t/ between two vowels

[D] is an allophone of /d/ between two vowels


Phonotactics



No consonant clusters consisting of only fricatives,plosives or approximants

No consonant clusters involving nasals

The coda and onset cannot consist of more than two consonant sounds

There can be no double vowels sounds. vowels are either between two consonants or are diphthongs.

Approximants cannot begin a word. Approximants also have to have a Plosive or only the following fricatives /f v s z h/.

/r\/ cannot come after /p b k s z g/

retroflex consonants can only come at the end of a word

Morphology

Djūn nouns are inflected for case and whether the noun carrys the definite article or not


Djūn is an Ergative_Absolutive Language. The Ergative case marks the subject of a transative verb.


the suffix -(ō)m is added to the noun to mark the Ergative case while no suffix is needed to mark the Absolutive case.


Example:

Vinidōm va cīdjī mū

Boy.PLUR-ERG 2PS.ABS have.3P future-particle

Boys will have you


the infix -(i)d marks the plural. It comes before the ergative suffix and after the root.


The suffix (though not present in the above sentence) -(ō)n marks that the root carries the definite article. When the word is marked for Ergativity the definite article is not marked. So our above sentence could be translated as "The Boys will have you" or "Boys will have you" depending on context.


The Djūn pronouns are as follows

________ERG_____ABS_____REFLEXIVE

1PS_____Tja_____Toi_____Tjī

1PP_____Nō______Bai_____Noi

2PS_____Vō______Va______Voi

2PP_____Djō_____Na______Djoi

3PMS____Cī______Ga______Coi

3PFS____Hō______Cā______Hoi

3PP_____Pē______Nī______Poi


Djūn Verbs are inflected for person and in one case (the participle) for tense. The Djūn tenses ( past and future) are expressed by separate morphemes. The Present does not need a separate morpheme unless forming the present participle.


infinitive: root -en

participle: -is + nōmen inflected for person

1st Person: -(h)ō

2nd Person: -(h)a

3rd Person: -(h)ī

All-Persons Plural: -(h)ē


The tense morphemes are as follows

mō: past morpheme

mī: present morpheme (only required in participle constructions)

mū: future morpheme

Tense morphemes follow the verb


Examples


1PS: 1 Person Singular

ERG: Ergative

ABS: Absolutive

1P: 1st Person

inf: infinitive

part: Participle

(past,present,future-)tnsmrph: tense morpheme


Tja ga hadō sōnen

1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-1P can-inf

I can do it


Tja ga hadis nōmō mī

1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-part to-be-1P present-tnsmrph

I am doing it


Tja ga hadis nōmō mō

1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-part to-be-1P present-tnsmrph

I was doing it


Tja ga hadis nōmō mū

1PS.ERG 3PMS.ABS to-do-part to-be-1P present-tnsmrph

I will be doing it


Tja cā phīhō

1PS.ERG 3PFS.ABS to-love-1P

I love her


Hō toi phīhī

3PFS.ERG 1PS.ABS to-love-3P

She loves me


Vō cā phīha

2PS.ERG 3PFS.ABS to-love-2P

You love her


You probably get it now...


Adjectives take the ending -(h)(i)v. This is remnant of Proto-Djūn's fully inflected Adjectives


Toidën vōv pōv' nōmī

Man.def. medium.adj here.ABS to-be.3P

The medium (sized) man is here

Syntax

Djūn has Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order by default.


The Djūn verbal moods are:


Subject-Object-Verb - indictive

Verb-Object-Subject - question

Subject-Verb-Object - subjunctive

Verb-Object-Subject - command, -īm suffix is added to the verb which is not inflected


Examples


Tja va phīhō.

I love you


Phīhō va tja?

Do I love you


Cī phīhī va...

should he love you...


Phīhenīm va cī!

Love him!


The Adjective follows the noun it modifies. The Adverb also follows the verb it modifies.


Djūn uses postpositions unlike English which uses prepositions. So "In the house" would be "the house in"

Because there is no Genitive case in Djūn, Djūn uses the post position "hē" (of) to show possesion.


Example:


Zomūn toi hē

Wolf.ABS 1PS.ABS of

My wolf


Cī zomūn toi hē nōmī

3PMS.ERG wolf.ABS 1PS.ABS of to-be-3P

It/He is my wolf


The Restrictive Clause


The Restrictive Clause is formed by using the word "vis" (that)


Toi vīnō vis Vō toi phīha

I know that you love me


The construction "I know you love me" is impossible unlike in English


Reflexiveness