Miyu: Difference between revisions

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{{wip}}
{{wip}}
:[[Miyu/lexicon|Lexicon]]
:[[Miyu/writing|Writing]]


= Introduction =
= Introduction =
'''Miyu''' is an attempt to have a minimalist artlang in the spirit of Toki Pona that affords speakers more nuance, even with a reduced number of morphemes. Strict word order and and word compounding allow '''Miyu''' to be expansive and specific when necessary. Strict use of syntactic and lexical particles help to reduce sematic ambiguities.
Some key features:
:* [[wp:Subject–verb–object_word_order|Subject-Verb-Object word order]]
:* Highly [[wp:Analytic_language|analytical grammar]]
:* Invariable lexemes
:* Only 14 (base) sounds, 9 consonants, and 5 vowels
:* Simple [[wp:Phonotactics|phonotactics]], or [[wp:Syllable|syllable structure]] (C)V(N)
:* Only ~1000 core [[wp:Morpheme|morphemes]]
:* Easy-to-follow word [[wp:Compound_(linguistics)|compounding]]
:* Source languages are [[wp:List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers|widely spoken/used]]


= Phonology =
= Phonology =
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== vowels ==
== vowels ==
Vowels in stressed syllables tend to be tense, and likewise unstressed ones tend to be more lax. Thus, for example, /i/ is realized as [i] or [ɪ] in stressed and unstressed syllables, respectively. Likewise, /e/ is realized as [e] or [ɛ], and so on.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|- align="center"
|- align="center"
!Close
!Close
|i||u
|i~ɪ||u~ʊ
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
!Mid
!Mid
|e||o
|e~ɛ||o~ɔ
|- align="center"
|- align="center"
!Open
!Open
| colspan="2" |a
| colspan="2" |a~ə
|}
|}


=== diphthongs ===
=== diphthongs ===
There are two diphthongs [ai̯] '''ai''', and [au̯] '''au'''. These are rare and typically only occur word-finally.
 
There are two diphthongs [ai̯] '''ai''', and [au̯] '''au'''. These typically occur word-finally.


== syllable structure ==
== syllable structure ==
All syllables are of the form (C)V(N), that is, optional consonant + vowel + optional final nasal, or V, CV, VN, CVN.
== phonotactics ==
A few syllables sequences are disallowed; /ji, wu, wo/. Also, a syllable-final nasal may not occur before /m/ or /n/ in the same root.


All syllables are of the form (C)V(N), that is, optional consonant + vowel + optional final nasal, or V, CV, VN, CVN.


== Syllables ==
=== syllables ===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
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! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | -a  
! scope="col" | -a  
! scope="col" | -ai
! scope="col" | -au
! scope="col" | -an  
! scope="col" | -an  
! scope="col" | -e  
! scope="col" | -e  
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! scope="row" | ∅-
! scope="row" | ∅-
| a  
| a  
| an 
| ai
| au
| an
| e  
| e  
| en  
| en  
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! scope="row" | p-
! scope="row" | p-
| pa  
| pa  
| pai
| pau
| pan  
| pan  
| pe  
| pe  
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! scope="row" | t-
! scope="row" | t-
| ta  
| ta  
| tai
| tau
| tan  
| tan  
| te  
| te  
| ten  
| ten  
| style="background: #999" | –
| ti
| style="background: #999" | –
| tin
| to  
| to  
| ton  
| ton  
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! scope="row" | k-
! scope="row" | k-
| ka  
| ka  
| kai
| kau
| kan  
| kan  
| ke  
| ke  
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! scope="row" | m-
! scope="row" | m-
| ma  
| ma  
| mai
| mau
| man  
| man  
| me  
| me  
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! scope="row" | n-
! scope="row" | n-
| na  
| na  
| nai
| nau
| nan  
| nan  
| ne  
| ne  
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! scope="row" | s-
! scope="row" | s-
| sa  
| sa  
| sai
| sau
| san  
| san  
| se  
| se  
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! scope="row" | l-
! scope="row" | l-
| la  
| la  
| lai
| lau
| lan  
| lan  
| le  
| le  
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! scope="row" | w-
! scope="row" | w-
| wa  
| wa  
| wai
| style="background: #999" | –
| wan  
| wan  
| we  
| we  
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! scope="row" | y-
! scope="row" | y-
| ya  
| ya  
| style="background: #999" | –
| yau
| yan  
| yan  
| ye  
| ye  
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| yun
| yun
|}
|}
== phonotactics ==
A few syllables sequences are disallowed; /ji, wu, wo/. Also, a syllable-final nasal may not occur before /m/ or /n/ in the same root.


= Lexical Categories =
= Lexical Categories =
Line 202: Line 247:
= Syntax =
= Syntax =


= Lexicon =
 


= Appendices =
= Appendices =

Latest revision as of 06:13, 20 March 2025


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Lexicon
Writing

Introduction

Miyu is an attempt to have a minimalist artlang in the spirit of Toki Pona that affords speakers more nuance, even with a reduced number of morphemes. Strict word order and and word compounding allow Miyu to be expansive and specific when necessary. Strict use of syntactic and lexical particles help to reduce sematic ambiguities.

Some key features:

Phonology

Miyu has nine consonants (/p, t, k, s, m, n, l, j, w/) and five vowels (/a, e, i, o, u/). Stress is word final.

consonants

Labial Coronal Dorsal
Nasal m n
Plosive p t k
Fricative s
Approximant w l j (y)

vowels

Vowels in stressed syllables tend to be tense, and likewise unstressed ones tend to be more lax. Thus, for example, /i/ is realized as [i] or [ɪ] in stressed and unstressed syllables, respectively. Likewise, /e/ is realized as [e] or [ɛ], and so on.

Vowels Front Back
Close i~ɪ u~ʊ
Mid e~ɛ o~ɔ
Open a~ə

diphthongs

There are two diphthongs [ai̯] ai, and [au̯] au. These typically occur word-finally.

syllable structure

All syllables are of the form (C)V(N), that is, optional consonant + vowel + optional final nasal, or V, CV, VN, CVN.

syllables

Valid syllables
-a -ai -au -an -e -en -i -in -o -on -u -un
∅- a ai au an e en i in o on u un
p- pa pai pau pan pe pen pi pin po pon pu pun
t- ta tai tau tan te ten ti tin to ton tu tun
k- ka kai kau kan ke ken ki kin ko kon ku kun
m- ma mai mau man me men mi min mo mon mu mun
n- na nai nau nan ne nen ni nin no non nu nun
s- sa sai sau san se sen si sin so son su sun
l- la lai lau lan le len li lin lo lon lu lun
w- wa wai – wan we wen wi win – – – –
y- ya – yau yan ye yen – – yo yon yu yun

phonotactics

A few syllables sequences are disallowed; /ji, wu, wo/. Also, a syllable-final nasal may not occur before /m/ or /n/ in the same root.

Lexical Categories

Syntax

Appendices

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