Nother/Trentish: Difference between revisions
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*/ikʼɑtɬi/ "barter" → /ikʼɑ-ikʼɑtɬi/ "transaction" | */ikʼɑtɬi/ "barter" → /ikʼɑ-ikʼɑtɬi/ "transaction" | ||
===Voice=== | |||
Trentish verbs are marked for [[voice]]. | |||
There are five voices, '''active''', '''unergative''', '''unaccusative''', '''passive''', and '''middle'''. Their use depends on the presence of and importance given to the agent and patient. | |||
{| cellpadding=5 | |||
! agent !! patient !! voice !! marker | |||
|- | |||
| high || low || ''active'' / ''middle'' || ∅ | |||
|- | |||
| high || none || ''unergative'' || /tɬi-/ | |||
|- | |||
| low || high || ''passive'' / ''middle'' || ∅ | |||
|- | |||
| none || high || ''unaccusative'' || /ʔuu-/ | |||
|} | |||
The middle voice is used if the agent and patient refer to the same entity (''me'' and ''myself'') or an entity and a part of itself (''me'' and ''my nose''). | |||
The ''high'' agent or patient is marked with the topic marker /-pɑ/. | |||
The ''low'' agent or patient is marked with /-(ɔ)m/. |
Revision as of 19:22, 12 June 2004
Description
A priori conlang for a race of entlike creatures in Nother. Polysynthetic.
- Author: Muke Tever | ✎
Phonology and Orthography
Phonemic Inventory
Consonants
labial | alveolar | palatal | velar | glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
plosive | p pʼ pʰ | tʼ tʰ tʷ | c cʰ cʷ | k kʼ kʰ kʷ | ʔ |
nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
lateral | l tɬ | ||||
fricative | s ʃ | x |
Vowels
i y | ʊ u |
e ø | o |
ʌ ɔ | |
ɑ |
Internal Sandhi
Word-level
- Trentish words can only end in a vowel or a nasal. Stops and /l/ occurring at the end of a word are nasalized, thus /thɑk/ "wear" becomes [thɑŋ]. /ʔ/ and the other consonants are dropped.
Syllable-level
Syllable-final
- Plain voiceless consonants disappear, lengthening the previous vowel:
- /xlɔʔ/ "washed, clean" → [xlɔɔkʷʌ] "be washed".
- Ejectives and /l/ turn to nasals as at the word level:
- /tʰɔl/ "upon" → [tʰɔŋkʷʌ] "be on top of".
- Labialized consonants reduce to [w]:
- /kitʷ/ COLL → [kiwcʷecʷe] "set of journeys".
- Aspirated consonants fricativize:
- /pʼɑlɑkʰ/ "hate" → [pʼɑlɑxpʼɑlɑŋ] "grudge".
Syllable-initial after a nasal
- Aspirated stops are ejectivized by a preceding original nasal:
- /tʰɑŋ/ "wear" → [xɑntʼɑŋ] "wear that"
- Labialized stops inherit preceding nasality:
- /cʷe/ "go" → [xɑnɲʷe] "go up yonder".
- Plain stops are aspirated by a preceding nasal:
- /pɑ/ TOP → [xɑnpʰɑ] "yonder"
- Ejective stops geminate a preceding nasal:
- /pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → [xɑmmɑlɑŋ] "hate that"
Morphology
Reduplication
Reduplication produces resultative nouns from verbal roots.
- /mɑli/ "speak" → /mɑli-mɑli/ "speech, message"
- /pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hate" → /pʼɑlɑŋ-pʼɑlɑŋ/ "hatred, grudge" (i.e., [pʼɑlɑxpʼɑlɑŋ])
In reduplication, no more than the first two syllables are reduplicated:
- /ikʼɑtɬi/ "barter" → /ikʼɑ-ikʼɑtɬi/ "transaction"
Voice
Trentish verbs are marked for voice.
There are five voices, active, unergative, unaccusative, passive, and middle. Their use depends on the presence of and importance given to the agent and patient.
agent | patient | voice | marker |
---|---|---|---|
high | low | active / middle | ∅ |
high | none | unergative | /tɬi-/ |
low | high | passive / middle | ∅ |
none | high | unaccusative | /ʔuu-/ |
The middle voice is used if the agent and patient refer to the same entity (me and myself) or an entity and a part of itself (me and my nose).
The high agent or patient is marked with the topic marker /-pɑ/. The low agent or patient is marked with /-(ɔ)m/.