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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Origin
! Origin
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ä
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ö
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ø
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ü
| style="width: 1.5em;" | y
| style="width: 1.5em;" | a
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ë
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ï
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
! rowspan="3" style="width: 1.5em;" |  
! rowspan="2" style="width: 1.5em;" |  
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ää
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ee
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | öö
| style="width: 1.5em;" | øː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ii
| style="width: 1.5em;" | iː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | üü
| style="width: 1.5em;" | yː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | aa
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ëë
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oo
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ïï
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uu
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uː
|-
|-
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Stage 1
! style="width: 4em;" | Result
! style="width: 5em;" | unstressed
| ʲa
| rowspan="2" | ǎ
| ʲe
| rowspan="2" | ě
| ʲo
| rowspan="2" | ǒ
| ʲĭ
| ь
| ʲŭ
| ь
| a
| rowspan="2" | a
| e
| rowspan="2" | e
| o
| rowspan="2" | o
| ĭ
| ъ
| ŭ
| ъ
| ʲa
| rowspan="2" | ǎ
| ʲe
| ě
| ʲo
| ǒ
| ʲi
| ǐ
| ʲu
| ǔ
| a
| rowspan="2" | a
| e
| e
| o
| o
| i
| i
| u
| u
|-
! stressed
| ǐ
| ǔ
| i
| u
| ǐa
| ǔa
| ǐe
| ǔo
| ia
| ua
| ie
| uo
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! Origin
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ || style="width: 1.5em;" | e || style="width: 1.5em;" | ø || style="width: 1.5em;" | i || style="width: 1.5em;" | y || style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ || style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ || style="width: 1.5em;" | o || style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ || style="width: 1.5em;" | u
! rowspan="2" |
| style="width: 2.5em;" | æː || style="width: 2.5em;" | eː || style="width: 2.5em;" | øː || style="width: 2.5em;" | iː || style="width: 2.5em;" | yː || style="width: 2.5em;" | ɑː || style="width: 2.5em;" | ɤː || style="width: 2.5em;" | oː || style="width: 2.5em;" | ɯː || style="width: 2.5em;" | uː
|-
! Result
| ʲa || ʲe || ʲo || ʲĭ || ʲŭ || a || e || o || ĭ || ŭ
| ʲa || ʲe, ʲi̯a || ʲo, ʲu̯a || ʲi, ʲi̯e || ʲu, ʲu̯o || a || e, i̯a || o, u̯a || i, i̯e || u, u̯o
|-
|-
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 13:40, 24 December 2024

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ŋʲ/
Stop voiceless п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /kʲ/
voiced мп /b/ нт /d̪/ нть /d̪ʲ/ ӈк /g/ ӈкь /gʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Central Back
Close и /i/ э /ə~ɨ/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Diphthongs
Type Front Back
Mid Falling іе /i̯e/ во /u̯o/
Open Falling іа /i̯a/ ва /u̯a/
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː eː øː iː yː ɑː ɤː oː ɯː uː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Low
Stop Plain па /pá/ ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ да /t̪à/
ка /ká/ га /kà/
Voiced мпа /bá/ мба /bà/
нта /d̪á/ нда /d̪à/
ӈка /gá/ ӈга /gà/
Fricative са /sá/ —
ха /xá/ —
Sonorant — ма /mà/
— на /n̪à/
— ӈа /ŋà/
— ла /là/

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]

Inanimate:

сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"

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