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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! Origin
! Origin
| a || ä || e || ö || i || ü || ë || o || ï || u
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æ
! rowspan="3" |
| style="width: 1.5em;" | e
| a || ä || e || ö || i || ü || ë || o || ï || u
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ø
! rowspan="3" |
| style="width: 1.5em;" | i
| an || en || in || un || ūn
| style="width: 1.5em;" | y
! rowspan="3" |
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑ
| au || ai || ei
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | o
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯ
| style="width: 1.5em;" | u
! rowspan="2" style="width: 1.5em;" |  
| style="width: 1.5em;" | æː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | eː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | øː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | iː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | yː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɑː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɤː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | oː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | ɯː
| style="width: 1.5em;" | uː
|-
|-
! After hard consonants
! style="width: 4em;" | Result
| a || ǎ || ě || ǒ || ь || ь || e || o || ъ || ъ
| ʲa
| a || ǎ || ě || ǒ || ǐ || ǔ || e || o || i || u
| ʲe
| ǫ || ę || ę, ь || ǫ, ъ || y
| ʲo
| u || ě₂ || i
| ʲĭ
| ʲŭ
| a
| e
| o
| ĭ
| ŭ
| ʲa
| ʲe
| ʲo
| ʲi
| ʲu
| a
| e
| o
| i
| u
|-
|-
! After soft consonants
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
| ǫ || ę || ę, ь || ę̇, ь || ę̇
| u || colspan="2" | i
|}
|}


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:
Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Latest revision as of 13:40, 24 December 2024

Ossmalic



Ossmalic
мэ́ӈ оссэма́л
Pronounced: [ˈmə́ŋ òs.ˈsmál]
Spoken: Ossmal
Writing system: Sealbone Script
Genealogy: Language isolate
Typology
Morphological type:  ???
Morphosyntactic alignment: ergative-absolutive
Basic word order: VSO
Credits
Creator: Malcolm G. Holborne


28 consonants:

Consonant phonemes of Ossmalic
Labial Coronal Palatal Velar
hard soft hard soft
Nasal м /m/ н /n̪/ нь /n̪ʲ/ ӈ /ŋ/ ӈь /ŋʲ/
Stop voiceless п /p/ т /t̪/ ть /t̪ʲ/ к /k/ кь /kʲ/
voiced мп /b/ нт /d̪/ нть /d̪ʲ/ ӈк /g/ ӈкь /gʲ/
Fricative в /ʋ/ с /s/ сь /sʲ/ і /j/ х /x/ хь /xʲ/
Approximant л /l/ ль /lʲ/
Monophthongs
Type Front Central Back
Close и /i/ э /ə~ɨ/ у /u/
Mid е /e/ о /o/
Open а /a/
Diphthongs
Type Front Back
Mid Falling іе /i̯e/ во /u̯o/
Open Falling іа /i̯a/ ва /u̯a/
Origin æ e ø i y ɑ ɤ o ɯ u æː eː øː iː yː ɑː ɤː oː ɯː uː
Result ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲĭ ʲŭ a e o ĭ ŭ ʲa ʲe ʲo ʲi ʲu a e o i u


Tone is not explicitly marked in writing but inferred based on historical voicing distinctions and consonant clusters:

Tones Inferred by Consonants
Consonant High Low
Stop Plain па /pá/ ба /pà/
та /t̪á/ да /t̪à/
ка /ká/ га /kà/
Voiced мпа /bá/ мба /bà/
нта /d̪á/ нда /d̪à/
ӈка /gá/ ӈга /gà/
Fricative са /sá/ —
ха /xá/ —
Sonorant — ма /mà/
— на /n̪à/
— ӈа /ŋà/
— ла /là/

Tone possibly indicated on vowels instead:

а́ е́ и́ э́ о́ у́
а̀ ѐ ѝ э̀ о̀ у̀


Animate:

ма̀дсьаі "human" [sg], ??? "people" [pl]
сьо́лаі "river" [sg], ??? "rivers" [pl]
хва́лаі "horse" [sg], ??? "horses" [pl]
кхьва́наі "god" [sg], ??? "gods" [pl]
дэ̀лхаі ??? [sg]

Inanimate:

сэма́л "mountain" [sg], сэма̀ль "mountains" [pl]
сьо́л "lake" [sg], сьо́ль "lakes" [pl]
ду̀д "house" [sg], ду̀дь "houses" [pl]
мэ́ӈ "language" [sg], мэ̀ӈь "languages" [pl]


Adjective prefixes

Colours

маг- "black, dark"
ос- "white, light"
тьил- "immoral, wicked, evil"

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