User:Ahzoh: Difference between revisions
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| Line 342: | Line 342: | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''kemēsan'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''kemēsan'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |||
=== Summary === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+Vrkhazhian Verb Derivation | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 4em;" | Prefix(es) | |||
! style="width: 8em;" | Internal Change | |||
! style="width: 12em;" | Function | |||
! style="width: 8em;" | Example | |||
! style="width: 15em;" | Notes | |||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| — | |||
| <small>ACTIVE</small> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| ''-ā-'' | |||
| <small>PLURACTIONAL</small> | |||
| | |||
| Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |||
|- | |||
| — | |||
| Reduplication | |||
| <small>PLURACTIONAL, FACTITIVE</small> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | ''sa-'' | |||
| — | |||
| <small>CAUSATIVE</small> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| ''-ā-'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | <small>CAUSATIVE PLURACTIONAL</small> | |||
| | |||
| Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |||
|- | |||
| Reduplication | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | ''ma-'' | |||
| — | |||
| <small>APPLICATIVE</small> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| ''-ā-'' | |||
| rowspan="2" | <small>APPLICATIVE PLURACTIONAL</small> | |||
| | |||
| Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |||
|- | |||
| Reduplication | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 347: | Line 407: | ||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a/u-class) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-Ḫ''' (speak, say) | | colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-Ḫ''' (speak, say) | ||
| Line 360: | Line 420: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parriḫ-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 489: | Line 549: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannid-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 618: | Line 678: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣibb-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 747: | Line 807: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassi-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 862: | Line 922: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Pluractional=== | ||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a/u-class) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-Ḫ''' ( | | colspan="7" style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '''P-R-R-Ḫ''' (say many things) | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 877: | Line 937: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parriḫ-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 884: | Line 944: | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Affirmative | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Jussive | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫni'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫanni'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫanni'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | ||
| Line 902: | Line 962: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫma'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫamma'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫamma'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫū'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫū'' | ||
| Line 910: | Line 970: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫta'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫatta'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫatta'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫā'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫā'' | ||
| Line 918: | Line 978: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫti'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫatti'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫatti'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''—'' | ||
| Line 926: | Line 986: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫman'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫamman'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫamman'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫūna'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫūna'' | ||
| Line 934: | Line 994: | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫtan'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫtan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫattan'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫattan'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫāna'' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫāna'' | ||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Negative | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Actual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Potential | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Commissive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Counterfactual | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Jussive | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 7em;" | Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫnisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫnisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫnisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫnisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parraḫannisi'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫmasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫmasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫmasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫmasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parraḫammasi'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.sg | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫtasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫtasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫtasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫtasi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parraḫattasi'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 1.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫtisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫtisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫtisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫtisi'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parraḫattisi'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 2.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫmasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫmasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫmasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫmasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parraḫammasin'' | |||
|- | |||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | 3.pl | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''parraḫtasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''naparruḫtasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''taparruḫtasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ḫaparruḫtasin'' | |||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" colspan="2" | ''parraḫattasin'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||
| Line 948: | Line 1,057: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannadas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 956: | Line 1,065: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''yannid-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,027: | Line 1,136: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣabbas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,035: | Line 1,144: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''ṣibb-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,106: | Line 1,215: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassâs'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,114: | Line 1,223: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''rassi-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,180: | Line 1,289: | ||
===Applicative Voice=== | ===Applicative Voice=== | ||
====Benefactive | ====Benefactive==== | ||
{| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | {| role="presentation" class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="more ▼" data-collapsetext="less ▲" style="text-align: center;" | ||
! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ! colspan="7" style="background-color:#dedede; border:3px solid #ffffff; width: 19em;" | Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||
| Line 1,345: | Line 1,454: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''suṣubbas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,353: | Line 1,462: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''suṣubb-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,662: | Line 1,771: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Infinitive | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''muṣubbas'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,670: | Line 1,779: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ! style="background-color:#cdcdcd; border:3px solid #ffffff;" | Participle | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | '' | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | ''muṣubb-'' | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | | style="border:3px solid #ffffff;" | | ||
| Line 1,814: | Line 1,923: | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Stem shapes based on stress=== | ||
{| | ====Verbs==== | ||
{| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ Base | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''PaRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| | | ''-PRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| | | ''PaRḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style=" | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| | | ''WaRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| | | ''-ūRv́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''WaRḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-y | ||
| ''YaRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-īRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''YaRḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-a | ||
| ''ˀaRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-āRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀaRḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-e | ||
| ''ˀeRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-ēRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀeRḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | ||
! II-w | |||
| ''Pū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-Pū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PūḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-y | ||
| ''Pī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-Pī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PīḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-a | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-Pā́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PāḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-e | ||
| ''PḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''PēḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | ||
! III-w | |||
| ''PaRū́-'' | |||
| ''-PRū́-'' | |||
| ''PāR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! III-y | ||
| ''PaRī́-'' | |||
| ''-PRī́-'' | |||
| ''PāR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-a | ||
| ''PaRā́-'' | |||
| | | ''-PRā́-'' | ||
| | | ''PāR-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-e | ||
| | | ''PeRḗ-'' | ||
| | | ''-PRḗ-'' | ||
| | | ''PēR-é-'' | ||
| | |} | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ Gemination | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | |||
! style=" | |||
! style=" | |||
! style=" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''PaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''PaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''WaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-uRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''WaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-y | ||
| ''YaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-iRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''YaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-a | ||
| ''ˀaRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-aRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀaRRvḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-e | ||
| ''ˀeRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-eRRv́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''ˀeRRvḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | ||
! II-w | |||
| ''PấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PấḪ-'' | |||
| ''PuḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! II-y | |||
| ''PấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PấḪ-'' | |||
| ''PiḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''PấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PấḪ-'' | |||
| ''PaḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-e | |||
| ''PếḪ-'' | |||
| ''-PếḪ-'' | |||
| ''PeḪḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''PaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''PaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''PaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''PaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-a | |||
| ''PaRRā́-'' | |||
| ''-PaRRā́-'' | |||
| ''PaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-e | |||
| ''PeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-PeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''PeRR-é-'' | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| | {| | ||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ ''sa-'' Prefix | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''saPRáḪ-'' | |||
| | | ''-saPRáḪ-'' | ||
| | | ''saPRaḪ-á-'' | ||
| | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | |||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''sūRáḪ-'' | |||
! style=" | | ''-sūRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''sūRaḪ-á-'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-y | ||
| ''sīRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sīRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''sīRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-a | ||
| ''sāRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sāRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''sāRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-e | ||
| ''sēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''sēReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | ||
! II-w | |||
| ''saPū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-sPū́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''saPūḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-y | ||
| ''saPī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-sPī́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''saPīḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-a | ||
| ''saPā́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''-sPā́Ḫ-'' | |||
| ''saPāḪ-á-'' | |||
| | |- | ||
! II-e | |||
| ''sePḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPḗḪ-'' | |||
| ''sePēḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | ||
! III-w | |||
| ''saPRū́-'' | |||
| ''-saPRū́-'' | |||
| ''saPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! III-y | ||
| ''saPRī́-'' | |||
| ''-saPRī́-'' | |||
| ''saPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! III-a | ||
| ''saPaRā́-'' | |||
| ''-saPRā́-'' | |||
| ''saPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-e | ||
| | | ''sePRḗ-'' | ||
| | | ''-sePRḗ-'' | ||
| | | ''sePR-é-'' | ||
| | |} | ||
| | | | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | |||
|+ ''sa-'' Prefix + Gemination | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | |||
! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| ''saPaRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPaRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''saPaRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | |||
| ''suRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-suRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''suRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-y | ||
| ''siRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-siRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''siRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-a | ||
| ''saRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-saRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''saRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-e | ||
| ''seRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-seRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''seRReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | ||
| | ! II-w | ||
| | | ''saPấḪ-'' | ||
| | | ''-sPấḪ-'' | ||
| | | ''saPuḪḪ-á-'' | ||
| | |- | ||
| | ! II-y | ||
| ''saPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''saPiḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''saPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''saPaḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-e | |||
| ''sePếḪ-'' | |||
| ''-sPếḪ-'' | |||
| ''sePeḪḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''saPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''-sPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''saPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''saPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''-sPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''saPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-a | ||
| ''saPaRRā́-'' | |||
| ''-sPaRRā́-'' | |||
| ''saPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! III-e | |||
| ''sePeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-sPeRRḗ-'' | |||
| ''sePeRR-é-'' | |||
|} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ | |+ ''ma-'' Prefix | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! colspan="2" |Strong | ||
| '' | | ''maPRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-maPRáḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''maPRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
| '' | ! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | ||
| ''- | | ''mūRáḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''-mūRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''mūRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-y | ||
| '' | | ''mīRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-mīRáḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''mīRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-a | ||
| '' | | ''māRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-māRáḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''māRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-e | ||
| ''mēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mēRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''mēReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | ||
| '' | ! II-w | ||
| ''- | | ''maPū́Ḫ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''-mPū́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''maPūḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-y | ||
| '' | | ''maPī́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-mPī́Ḫ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''maPīḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-a | ||
| '' | | ''maPā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-mPā́Ḫ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''maPāḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! II-e | ||
| '' | | ''mePḗḪ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-mPḗḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''mePēḪ-é-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | ||
! | ! III-w | ||
| ''maPRū́-'' | |||
| ''-maPRū́-'' | |||
| ''maPR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-y | ||
| '' | | ''maPRī́-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-maPRī́-'' | ||
| '' | | ''maPR-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-a | ||
| '' | | ''maPaRā́-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-maPRā́-'' | ||
| '' | | ''maPR-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-e | ||
| ''mePRḗ-'' | |||
| ''-mePRḗ-'' | |||
| ''mePR-é-'' | |||
| '' | |||
| ''- | |||
| '' | |||
|} | |} | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|+ Prefix Gemination | |+ ''sa-'' Prefix + Gemination | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! colspan="2" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Irrealis | ||
! style="width: | ! style="width: 6em;" | Imperative | ||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Strong | |||
| ''maPaRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPaRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''maPaRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! rowspan="4" style="width: 6em;" | Initial Weak | ||
| '' | ! style="width: 3em;" | I-w | ||
| ''- | | ''muRRáḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''-muRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''muRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! I-y | ||
| '' | | ''miRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-miRRáḪ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''miRRaḪ-á-'' | ||
|- | |||
! I-a | |||
| ''maRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''-maRRáḪ-'' | |||
| ''maRRaḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! I-e | |||
| ''meRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''-meRRéḪ-'' | |||
| ''meRReḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Middle Weak | |||
! II-w | |||
| ''maPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''maPuḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-y | |||
| ''maPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''maPiḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-a | |||
| ''maPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPấḪ-'' | |||
| ''maPaḪḪ-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! II-e | |||
| ''mePếḪ-'' | |||
| ''-mPếḪ-'' | |||
| ''mePeḪḪ-é-'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="4" | Final Weak | |||
! III-w | |||
| ''maPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''-mPaRRū́-'' | |||
| ''maPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |||
! III-y | |||
| ''maPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''-mPaRRī́-'' | |||
| ''maPaRR-á-'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-a | ||
| '' | | ''maPaRRā́-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-mPaRRā́-'' | ||
| '' | | ''maPaRR-á-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! III-e | ||
| '' | | ''mePeRRḗ-'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-mPeRRḗ-'' | ||
| '' | | ''mePeRR-é-'' | ||
|} | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,256: | Line 2,417: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Pl.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Sg.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Pl.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ||
| Line 2,263: | Line 2,426: | ||
! Strong | ! Strong | ||
| ''PáRḪ-as'' | | ''PáRḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRaḪ'' | | ''PáRaḪ'' | ||
| '' | | ''PáRḪ-ā'' | ||
| ''PáRḪ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! Initial Weak | ||
| ''PáRḪ-as'' | | ''PáRḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRaḪ'' | | ''PáRaḪ'' | ||
| '' | | ''PáRḪ-ā'' | ||
| ''PáRḪ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! Middle Weak | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-as'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ-as'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''Pā́Ḫ'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ-ā'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-a-'' | |||
| ''PāḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PāḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! Final Weak | ||
| ''Pā́R-as'' | | ''Pā́R-as'' | ||
| ''PāR-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''Pā́R'' | | ''Pā́R'' | ||
| ''Pā́R-'' | | ''Pā́R-ā'' | ||
| ''Pā́R-a-'' | |||
| ''PāR-ā́-'' | | ''PāR-ā́-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,290: | Line 2,461: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Pl.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Sg.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Pl.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! Strong | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | | ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRāḪ'' | | ''PáRāḪ'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-'' | | ''PáRā́Ḫ-ā'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Initial Weak | ! Initial Weak | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | | ''PaRā́Ḫ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRāḪ'' | | ''PáRāḪ'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-'' | | ''PáRā́Ḫ-ā'' | ||
| ''PaRā́Ḫ-a-'' | |||
| ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRāḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle Weak | ! Middle Weak | ||
| ''PấḪ-as'' | | ''PấḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PâḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PấḪ'' | | ''PấḪ'' | ||
| ''PấḪ-'' | | ''PấḪ-ā'' | ||
| ''PấḪ-a-'' | |||
| ''PâḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PâḪ-ā́-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Final Weak | ! Final Weak | ||
| ''PaR-ấs'' | | ''PaR-ấs'' | ||
| ''PaR-ấya'' | |||
| ''PáRā'' | | ''PáRā'' | ||
| ''PáR-â'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''PaR-ấ-'' | | colspan="2" | ''PaR-ấ-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,323: | Line 2,505: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ! style="width: 6.7em;" | Weakness | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Abs. (Pl.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Sg.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Cons. (Pl.) | |||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Sg.) | ||
! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ! style="width: 5.7em;" | Poss. (Pl.) | ||
|- | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Strong | ! Strong | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | | ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRRaḪ'' | | ''PáRRaḪ'' | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-ā'' | |||
| ''PaRRáḪ-'' | | ''PaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | ||
| Line 2,336: | Line 2,523: | ||
! Initial Weak | ! Initial Weak | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | | ''PáRRaḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''PáRRaḪ'' | | ''PáRRaḪ'' | ||
| ''PáRRaḪ-ā'' | |||
| ''PaRRáḪ-'' | | ''PaRRáḪ-'' | ||
| ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaRRaḪ-ā́-'' | ||
| Line 2,342: | Line 2,531: | ||
! Middle Weak | ! Middle Weak | ||
| ''PáḪḪ-as'' | | ''PáḪḪ-as'' | ||
| ''PaḪḪ-ā́ya'' | |||
| ''Pā́Ḫ'' | | ''Pā́Ḫ'' | ||
| ''Pā́Ḫ-ā'' | |||
| ''PáḪḪ-a'' | | ''PáḪḪ-a'' | ||
| ''PaḪḪ-ā́-'' | | ''PaḪḪ-ā́-'' | ||
| Line 2,348: | Line 2,539: | ||
! Final Weak | ! Final Weak | ||
| ''PaRR-ấs'' | | ''PaRR-ấs'' | ||
| ''PaRR-ấya'' | |||
| ''PáRRa'' | | ''PáRRa'' | ||
| ''PáRR-â'' | |||
| colspan="2" | ''PaRR-ấ-'' | | colspan="2" | ''PaRR-ấ-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 2,414: | Line 2,607: | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="3" | | ||
! style="width: 4em;" | Realis | ! style="width: 4em;" | Realis | ||
! style="width: 4em;" | Irrealis | ! style="width: 4em;" | Irrealis | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="3" | Class 1 | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="3" | Class 1 | ||
! style="width: 6em;" | Transitive | ! colspan="2" | Transitive | ||
| a | |||
| a | |||
|- | |||
! style="width: 6em;" rowspan="2" | Intransitive | |||
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>Dynamic</small> | |||
| u | |||
| a | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Stative</small> | |||
| i | |||
| a | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Class 2 | |||
! colspan="2" | Transitive | |||
| a | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Intransitive | |||
! <small>Dynamic</small> | |||
| u | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
! <small>Stative</small> | |||
| i | |||
| i | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="5" | | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" | Class 3 | |||
! colspan="2" | Transitive | |||
| a | | a | ||
| a | | a | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="2" | Intransitive | ! rowspan="2" | Intransitive | ||
! <small>Dynamic</small> | |||
| u | | u | ||
| a | | a | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Stative</small> | |||
! Stative | |||
| i | | i | ||
| i | | i | ||
| Line 2,467: | Line 2,665: | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" colspan="2" | | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Labial | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" | Alveolar | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Palatal | ||
! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar | ! style="width: 4em;" rowspan="2" | Velar | ||
| Line 2,474: | Line 2,672: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>central</small> | ! style="width: 4em;" | <small>central</small> | ||
! style="width: 4em;" | <small>lateral</small> | ! style="width: 4em;" | <small>lateral</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 2,480: | Line 2,677: | ||
| m | | m | ||
| n | | n | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 2,491: | Line 2,687: | ||
| p | | p | ||
| t | | t | ||
| t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩ | | t͡ɬ ⟨'''''ć'''''⟩ | ||
| t͡ʃ ⟨'''''č'''''⟩ | | t͡ʃ ⟨'''''č'''''⟩ | ||
| Line 2,501: | Line 2,696: | ||
| pʼ ⟨'''''ṗ'''''⟩ | | pʼ ⟨'''''ṗ'''''⟩ | ||
| tʼ ⟨'''''ṭ'''''⟩ | | tʼ ⟨'''''ṭ'''''⟩ | ||
| t͡ɬʼ ⟨'''''ć̣'''''⟩ | | t͡ɬʼ ⟨'''''ć̣'''''⟩ | ||
| t͡ʃʼ ⟨'''''č̣'''''⟩ | | t͡ʃʼ ⟨'''''č̣'''''⟩ | ||
| Line 2,509: | Line 2,703: | ||
| b | | b | ||
| d | | d | ||
| d͡ɮ ⟨'''''ʒ́'''''⟩ | | d͡ɮ ⟨'''''ʒ́'''''⟩ | ||
| d͡ʒ ⟨'''''ǯ'''''⟩ | | d͡ʒ ⟨'''''ǯ'''''⟩ | ||
| Line 2,516: | Line 2,709: | ||
! colspan="2" | Fricative | ! colspan="2" | Fricative | ||
| f | | f | ||
| s | | s | ||
| ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩ | | ɬ ⟨'''''ś'''''⟩ | ||
| Line 2,526: | Line 2,718: | ||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | ! colspan="2" | Approximant | ||
| w | | w | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 2,535: | Line 2,726: | ||
| | | | ||
| r | | r | ||
| l | | l | ||
| | | | ||
Latest revision as of 01:15, 9 November 2024
Creator of Vrkhazhian, Onschen and Hussite
𞤹𞤸𞤪
WIP Vrkhazhian Case System
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -um | -ūwa | -im | -īya | -am | -āya | -as | -āya | |
| Vocative | -u | -i | -a | ||||||
| Accusative | -us | -ūsa | -is | -īsa | -as | -āsa | |||
| Ergative | -un | -ūna | -in | -īna | -an | -āna | -an | -āna | |
| Genitive | -uḫ | -ūwa | -iḫ | -īya | -aḫ | -āya | -aḫ | -āya | |
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
| Animate | Inanimate | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feminine | Masculine | Neuter | |||||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||
| Nominative | -∅ | -ū | -∅ | -ī | -∅ | -ā | -∅ | -ā | |
| Oblique | |||||||||
| Genitive | -u | -i | -a | -a | |||||
| Equative | -ūli | -īli | -āli | -āli | |||||
WIP Verb System
| Strong Verbs | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ḫaśras | namras | parḫas | |
| "???" | "be evil" | "speak, say" | |
| 1sg | ḫaśurni | namirni | paraḫni |
| 2sg | ḫaśurma | namirma | paraḫma |
| 3sg | ḫaśurta | namirta | paraḫta |
| 1pl | ḫaśurti | namirti | paraḫti |
| 2pl | ḫaśurman | namirman | paraḫman |
| 3pl | ḫaśurtan | namirtan | paraḫtan |
| I-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| yaźbas | wasḫas | ˀaldas | ??? | |
| "???" | "be loyal" | "fight" | "???" | |
| 1sg | yaźubni | wasiḫni | ˀalanni | ??? |
| 2sg | yaźumma | wasiḫma | ˀaladma | ??? |
| 3sg | yaźubta | wasiḫta | ˀalatta | ??? |
| 1pl | yaźubti | wasiḫti | ˀalatti | ??? |
| 2pl | yaźumman | wasiḫman | ˀaladman | ??? |
| 3pl | yaźubtan | wasiḫtan | ˀalattan | ??? |
| II-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| dūlas | tīlas | ṣābas | lēbas | |
| "dig, reveal" | "destroy" | "kill" | "give" | |
| 1sg | dūlni | tīlni | ṣābni | lēbni |
| 2sg | dūlma | tīlma | ṣāmma | lēmma |
| 3sg | dūlta | tīlta | ṣābta | lēbta |
| 1pl | dūlti | tīlti | ṣābti | lēbti |
| 2pl | dūlman | tīlman | ṣāmman | lēmman |
| 3pl | dūltan | tīltan | ṣābtan | lēbtan |
| III-Weak Verbs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ??? | rāsas | mālas | kēmas | |
| "???" | "be good" | "heal" | "go up, rise" | |
| 1sg | ??? | rasīni | malāni | kemēni |
| 2sg | ??? | rasīma | malāma | kemēma |
| 3sg | ??? | rasīsa | malāsa | kemēsa |
| 1pl | ??? | rasīti | malāti | kemēti |
| 2pl | ??? | rasīman | malāman | kemēman |
| 3pl | ??? | rasīsan | malāsan | kemēsan |
Summary
| Prefix(es) | Internal Change | Function | Example | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — | — | ACTIVE | ||
| — | -ā- | PLURACTIONAL | Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | |
| — | Reduplication | PLURACTIONAL, FACTITIVE | ||
| sa- | — | CAUSATIVE | ||
| -ā- | CAUSATIVE PLURACTIONAL | Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | ||
| Reduplication | ||||
| ma- | — | APPLICATIVE | ||
| -ā- | APPLICATIVE PLURACTIONAL | Rare, sound and III-weak verbs only | ||
| Reduplication |
Active Voice
| Conjugation (strong, a/u-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parḫas | |||||
| Participle | parriḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫni | napruḫni | tapruḫni | ḫapruḫni | parḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | paraḫma | napruḫma | tapruḫma | ḫapruḫma | parḫamma | parḫū |
| 3.sg | paraḫta | napruḫta | tapruḫta | ḫapruḫta | parḫatta | parḫā |
| 1.pl | paraḫti | napruḫti | tapruḫti | ḫapruḫti | parḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | paraḫman | napruḫman | tapruḫman | ḫapruḫman | parḫamman | parḫūna |
| 3.pl | paraḫtan | napruḫtan | tapruḫtan | ḫapruḫtan | parḫattan | parḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | paraḫnisi | napruḫnisi | tapruḫnisi | ḫapruḫnisi | parḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | paraḫmasi | napruḫmasi | tapruḫmasi | ḫapruḫmasi | parḫammasi | |
| 3.sg | paraḫtasi | napruḫtasi | tapruḫtasi | ḫapruḫtasi | parḫattasi | |
| 1.pl | paraḫtisi | napruḫtisi | tapruḫtisi | ḫapruḫtisi | parḫattisi | |
| 2.pl | paraḫmasin | napruḫmasin | tapruḫmasin | ḫapruḫmasin | parḫammasin | |
| 3.pl | paraḫtasin | napruḫtasin | tapruḫtasin | ḫapruḫtasin | parḫattasin | |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yandas | |||||
| Participle | yannid- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yananni | nīnanni | tīnanni | ḫīnanni | yandanni | — |
| 2.sg | yanadma | nīnadma | tīnadma | ḫīnadma | yandamma | yandū |
| 3.sg | yanatta | nīnatta | tīnatta | ḫīnatta | yandatta | yandā |
| 1.pl | yanatti | nīnatti | tīnatti | ḫīnatti | yandatti | — |
| 2.pl | yanadman | nīnadman | tīnadman | ḫīnadman | yandamman | yandūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | nīnattan | tīnattan | ḫīnattan | yandattan | yandāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | yanannisi | nīnannisi | tīnannisi | ḫīnannisi | yandannisi | |
| 2.sg | yanadmasi | nīnadmasi | tīnadmasi | ḫīnadmasi | yandammasi | |
| 3.sg | yanattasi | nīnattasi | tīnattasi | ḫīnattasi | yandattasi | |
| 1.pl | yanattisi | nīnattisi | tīnattisi | ḫīnattisi | yandattisi | |
| 2.pl | yanadmasin | nīnadmasin | tīnadmasin | ḫīnadmasin | yandammasin | |
| 3.pl | yanattasin | nīnattasin | tīnattasin | ḫīnattasin | yandattasin | |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣābas | |||||
| Participle | ṣibb- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābni | naṣābni | taṣābni | ḫaṣābni | ṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣāmma | naṣāmma | taṣāmma | ḫaṣāmma | ṣābamma | ṣābū |
| 3.sg | ṣābta | naṣābta | taṣābta | ḫaṣābta | ṣābatta | ṣābā |
| 1.pl | ṣābti | naṣābti | taṣābti | ḫaṣābti | ṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣāmman | naṣāmman | taṣāmman | ḫaṣāmman | ṣābamman | ṣābūna |
| 3.pl | ṣābtan | naṣābtan | taṣābtan | ḫaṣābtan | ṣābattan | ṣābāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | ṣābnisi | naṣābnisi | taṣābnisi | ḫaṣābnisi | ṣābannisi | |
| 2.sg | ṣāmmasi | naṣāmmasi | taṣāmmasi | ḫaṣāmmasi | ṣābammasi | |
| 3.sg | ṣābtasi | naṣābtasi | taṣābtasi | ḫaṣābtasi | ṣābattasi | |
| 1.pl | ṣābtisi | naṣābtisi | taṣābtisi | ḫaṣābtisi | ṣābattisi | |
| 2.pl | ṣāmmasin | naṣāmmasin | taṣāmmasin | ḫaṣāmmasin | ṣābammanis | |
| 3.pl | ṣābtasin | naṣābtasin | taṣābtasin | ḫaṣābtasin | ṣābattasin | |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rāsas | |||||
| Participle | rassi- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīni | narsīni | tarsīni | ḫarsīni | rāsanni | — |
| 2.sg | rasīma | narsīma | tarsīma | ḫarsīma | rāsamma | rāsū |
| 3.sg | rasīsa | narsīsa | tarsīsa | ḫarsīsa | rāsatta | rāsā |
| 1.pl | rasīti | narsīti | tarsīti | ḫarsīti | rāsatti | — |
| 2.pl | rasīman | narsīman | tarsīman | ḫarsīman | rāsamman | rāsūna |
| 3.pl | rasīsan | narsīsan | tarsīsan | ḫarsīsan | rāsattan | rāsāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | rasīnisi | narsīnisi | tarsīnisi | ḫarsīnisi | rāsannisi | |
| 2.sg | rasīmasi | narsīmasi | tarsīmasi | ḫarsīmasi | rāsammasi | |
| 3.sg | rasīsasi | narsīsasi | tarsīsasi | ḫarsīsasi | rāsattasi | |
| 1.pl | rasītisi | narsītisi | tarsītisi | ḫarsītisi | rāsattisi | |
| 2.pl | rasīmasin | narsīmasin | tarsīmasin | ḫarsīmasin | rāsammasin | |
| 3.pl | rasīsasin | narsīsasin | tarsīsasin | ḫarsīsasin | rāsattasin | |
Pluractional
| Conjugation (strong, a/u-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-R-Ḫ (say many things) | ||||||
| Infinitive | parraḫas | |||||
| Participle | parriḫ- | |||||
| Affirmative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | parraḫni | naparruḫni | taparruḫni | ḫaparruḫni | parraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | parraḫma | naparruḫma | taparruḫma | ḫaparruḫma | parraḫamma | parraḫū |
| 3.sg | parraḫta | naparruḫta | taparruḫta | ḫaparruḫta | parraḫatta | parraḫā |
| 1.pl | parraḫti | naparruḫti | taparruḫti | ḫaparruḫti | parraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | parraḫman | naparruḫman | taparruḫman | ḫaparruḫman | parraḫamman | parraḫūna |
| 3.pl | parraḫtan | naparruḫtan | taparruḫtan | ḫaparruḫtan | parraḫattan | parraḫāna |
| Negative | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Jussive | Imperative |
| 1.sg | parraḫnisi | naparruḫnisi | taparruḫnisi | ḫaparruḫnisi | parraḫannisi | |
| 2.sg | parraḫmasi | naparruḫmasi | taparruḫmasi | ḫaparruḫmasi | parraḫammasi | |
| 3.sg | parraḫtasi | naparruḫtasi | taparruḫtasi | ḫaparruḫtasi | parraḫattasi | |
| 1.pl | parraḫtisi | naparruḫtisi | taparruḫtisi | ḫaparruḫtisi | parraḫattisi | |
| 2.pl | parraḫmasin | naparruḫmasin | taparruḫmasin | ḫaparruḫmasin | parraḫammasin | |
| 3.pl | parraḫtasin | naparruḫtasin | taparruḫtasin | ḫaparruḫtasin | parraḫattasin | |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | yannadas | |||||
| Participle | yannid- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | yannanni | ninnanni | tinnanni | ḫinnanni | yannadanni | — |
| 2.sg | yannadma | ninnadma | tinnadma | ḫinnadma | yannadamma | yannadū |
| 3.sg | yannatta | ninnatta | tinnatta | ḫinnatta | yannadatta | yannadā |
| 1.pl | yannatti | ninnatti | tinnatti | ḫinnatti | yannadatti | — |
| 2.pl | yannadman | ninnadman | tinnadman | ḫinnadman | yannadamman | yannadūna |
| 3.pl | yanattan | ninnattan | tinnattan | ḫinnattan | yannadattan | yannadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | ṣabbas | |||||
| Participle | ṣibb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | ṣâbni | naṣâbni | taṣâbni | ḫaṣâbni | ṣabbanni | — |
| 2.sg | ṣâmma | naṣâmma | taṣâmma | ḫaṣâmma | ṣabbamma | ṣabbū |
| 3.sg | ṣâbta | naṣâbta | taṣâbta | ḫaṣâbta | ṣabbatta | ṣabbā |
| 1.pl | ṣâbti | naṣâbti | taṣâbti | ḫaṣâbti | ṣabbatti | — |
| 2.pl | ṣâmman | naṣâmman | taṣâmman | ḫaṣâmman | ṣabbamman | ṣabbūna |
| 3.pl | ṣâbtan | naṣâbtan | taṣâbtan | ḫaṣâbtan | ṣabbattan | ṣabbāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | rassâs | |||||
| Participle | rassi- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | rassīni | narassīni | tarassīni | ḫarassīni | rassanni | — |
| 2.sg | rassīma | narassīma | tarassīma | ḫarassīma | rassamma | rassû |
| 3.sg | rassīsa | narassīsa | tarassīsa | ḫarassīsa | rassatta | rassâ |
| 1.pl | rassīti | narassīti | tarassīti | ḫarassīti | rassatti | — |
| 2.pl | rassīman | narassīman | tarassīman | ḫarassīman | rassamman | rassûna |
| 3.pl | rassīsan | narassīsan | tarassīsan | ḫarassīsan | rassattan | rassâna |
Applicative Voice
Benefactive
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | supruḫas | |||||
| Participle | supruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sapraḫni | nasapraḫni | tasapraḫni | ḫasapraḫni | sapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | sapraḫma | nasapraḫma | tasapraḫma | ḫasapraḫma | sapraḫamma | sapraḫū |
| 3.sg | sapraḫta | nasapraḫta | tasapraḫta | ḫasapraḫta | sapraḫatta | sapraḫā |
| 1.pl | sapraḫti | nasapraḫti | tasapraḫti | ḫasapraḫti | sapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | sapraḫman | nasapraḫman | tasapraḫman | ḫasapraḫman | sapraḫamman | sapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | sapraḫtan | nasapraḫtan | tasapraḫtan | ḫasapraḫtan | sapraḫattan | sapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sūnudas | |||||
| Participle | sūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sīnanni | nasīnanni | tasīnanni | ḫasīnanni | sīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | sīnadma | nasīnadma | tasīnadma | ḫasīnadma | sīnadamma | sīnadū |
| 3.sg | sīnatta | nasīnatta | tasīnatta | ḫasīnatta | sīnadatta | sīnadā |
| 1.pl | sīnatti | nasīnatti | tasīnatti | ḫasīnatti | sīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | sīnadman | nasīnadman | tasīnadman | ḫasīnadman | sīnadamman | sīnadūna |
| 3.pl | sīnattan | nasīnattan | tasīnattan | ḫasīnattan | sīnadattan | sīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | suṣubbas | |||||
| Participle | suṣubb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | saṣābni | naṣṣābni | taṣṣābni | ḫaṣṣābni | saṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | saṣāmma | naṣṣāmma | taṣṣāmma | ḫaṣṣāmma | saṣābamma | saṣābū |
| 3.sg | saṣābta | naṣṣābta | taṣṣābta | ḫaṣṣābta | saṣābatta | saṣābā |
| 1.pl | saṣābti | naṣṣābti | taṣṣābti | ḫaṣṣābti | saṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | saṣāmman | naṣṣāmman | taṣṣāmman | ḫaṣṣāmman | saṣābamman | saṣābūna |
| 3.pl | saṣābtan | naṣṣābtan | taṣṣābtan | ḫaṣṣābtan | saṣābattan | saṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | sursâs | |||||
| Participle | sursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | sarsīni | nasarsīni | tasarsīni | ḫasarsīni | sarsanni | — |
| 2.sg | sarsīma | nasarsīma | tasarsīma | ḫasarsīma | sarsamma | sarsû |
| 3.sg | sarsīsa | nasarsīsa | tasarsīsa | ḫasarsīsa | sarsatta | sarsâ |
| 1.pl | sarsīti | nasarsīti | tasarsīti | ḫasarsīti | sarsatti | — |
| 2.pl | sarsīman | nasarsīman | tasarsīman | ḫasarsīman | sarsamman | sarsûna |
| 3.pl | sarsīsan | nasarsīsan | tasarsīsan | ḫasarsīsan | sarsattan | sarsâna |
Other
| Conjugation (strong, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P-R-Ḫ (speak, say) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mupruḫas | |||||
| Participle | mupruḫ- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | mapraḫni | namapraḫni | tamapraḫni | ḫamapraḫni | mapraḫanni | — |
| 2.sg | mapraḫma | namapraḫma | tamapraḫma | ḫamapraḫma | mapraḫamma | mapraḫū |
| 3.sg | mapraḫta | namapraḫta | tamapraḫta | ḫamapraḫta | mapraḫatta | mapraḫā |
| 1.pl | mapraḫti | namapraḫti | tamapraḫti | ḫamapraḫti | mapraḫatti | — |
| 2.pl | mapraḫman | namapraḫman | tamapraḫman | ḫamapraḫman | mapraḫamman | mapraḫūna |
| 3.pl | mapraḫtan | namapraḫtan | tamapraḫtan | ḫamapraḫtan | mapraḫattan | mapraḫāna |
| Conjugation (I-y weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Y-N-D (catch) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mūnudas | |||||
| Participle | mūnud- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | mīnanni | namīnanni | tamīnanni | ḫamīnanni | mīnadanni | — |
| 2.sg | mīnadma | namīnadma | tamīnadma | ḫamīnadma | mīnadamma | mīnadū |
| 3.sg | mīnatta | namīnatta | tamīnatta | ḫamīnatta | mīnadatta | mīnadā |
| 1.pl | mīnatti | namīnatti | tamīnatti | ḫamīnatti | mīnadatti | — |
| 2.pl | mīnadman | namīnadman | tamīnadman | ḫamīnadman | mīnadamman | mīnadūna |
| 3.pl | mīnattan | namīnattan | tamīnattan | ḫamīnattan | mīnadattan | mīnadāna |
| Conjugation (II-ˀ weak, a-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ṣ-ˀ-B (kill) | ||||||
| Infinitive | muṣubbas | |||||
| Participle | muṣubb- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | maṣābni | namṣābni | tamṣābni | ḫamṣābni | maṣābanni | — |
| 2.sg | maṣāmma | namṣāmma | tamṣāmma | ḫamṣāmma | maṣābamma | maṣābū |
| 3.sg | maṣābta | namṣābta | tamṣābta | ḫamṣābta | maṣābatta | maṣābā |
| 1.pl | maṣābti | namṣābti | tamṣābti | ḫamṣābti | maṣābatti | — |
| 2.pl | maṣāmman | namṣāmman | tamṣāmman | ḫamṣāmman | maṣābamman | maṣābūna |
| 3.pl | maṣābtan | namṣābtan | tamṣābtan | ḫamṣābtan | maṣābattan | maṣābāna |
| Conjugation (III-y weak, i-class) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R-S-Y (be good, be moral) | ||||||
| Infinitive | mursâs | |||||
| Participle | mursu- | |||||
| Active | Actual | Potential | Commissive | Counterfactual | Long Jussive | Short Jussive |
| 1.sg | marsīni | namarsīni | tamarsīni | ḫamarsīni | marsanni | — |
| 2.sg | marsīma | namarsīma | tamarsīma | ḫamarsīma | marsamma | marsû |
| 3.sg | marsīsa | namarsīsa | tamarsīsa | ḫamarsīsa | marsatta | marsâ |
| 1.pl | marsīti | namarsīti | tamarsīti | ḫamarsīti | marsatti | — |
| 2.pl | marsīman | namarsīman | tamarsīman | ḫamarsīman | marsamman | marsûna |
| 3.pl | marsīsan | namarsīsan | tamarsīsan | ḫamarsīsan | marsattan | marsâna |
Stem shapes based on stress
Verbs
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Deverbatives
| Weakness | Abs. (Sg.) | Abs. (Pl.) | Cons. (Sg.) | Cons. (Pl.) | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRḪ-as | PaRḪ-ā́ya | PáRaḪ | PáRḪ-ā | PáRḪ-a- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRḪ-as | PaRḪ-ā́ya | PáRaḪ | PáRḪ-ā | PáRḪ-a- | PaRḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | Pā́Ḫ-as | Pā́Ḫ-ā́ya | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ-ā | Pā́Ḫ-a- | PāḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | Pā́R-as | PāR-ā́ya | Pā́R | Pā́R-ā | Pā́R-a- | PāR-ā́- |
| Weakness | Abs. (Sg.) | Abs. (Pl.) | Cons. (Sg.) | Cons. (Pl.) | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PaRāḪ-ā́ya | PáRāḪ | PáRā́Ḫ-ā | PaRā́Ḫ-a- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PaRā́Ḫ-as | PaRāḪ-ā́ya | PáRāḪ | PáRā́Ḫ-ā | PaRā́Ḫ-a- | PaRāḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PấḪ-as | PâḪ-ā́ya | PấḪ | PấḪ-ā | PấḪ-a- | PâḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaR-ấs | PaR-ấya | PáRā | PáR-â | PaR-ấ- | |
| Weakness | Abs. (Sg.) | Abs. (Pl.) | Cons. (Sg.) | Cons. (Pl.) | Poss. (Sg.) | Poss. (Pl.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Strong | PáRRaḪ-as | PaRRaḪ-ā́ya | PáRRaḪ | PáRRaḪ-ā | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Initial Weak | PáRRaḪ-as | PaRRaḪ-ā́ya | PáRRaḪ | PáRRaḪ-ā | PaRRáḪ- | PaRRaḪ-ā́- |
| Middle Weak | PáḪḪ-as | PaḪḪ-ā́ya | Pā́Ḫ | Pā́Ḫ-ā | PáḪḪ-a | PaḪḪ-ā́- |
| Final Weak | PaRR-ấs | PaRR-ấya | PáRRa | PáRR-â | PaRR-ấ- | |
Voice
| Voice | Role/Marking | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Accusative | Instrumental | |
| Active (Intransitive) | Subject | N/A | N/A |
| Active (Monotransitive) | Subject | Object | N/A |
| Active (Ditransitive) | Subject | Primary Object | Secondary Object |
| Causative/Instrumental | Causer | Causee/Instrument | Object |
Morpheme Chain
| Clausal Proclitics | Relativizer | Tense/Mood | Stem | Imperative | Subject | Negation | Subject Plural (2nd and 3rd) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voice | Root | |||||||
| various | iC- | na-, ta-, ḫa- | s(i)-, m(i)- | R₁(a)R₂aR₃ R₁(a)R₂uR₃ R₁(a)R₂iR₃ |
-aC- / -ā- | various | -si | -n |
Ablaut Classes
| Realis | Irrealis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class 1 | Transitive | a | a | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| Stative | i | a | ||
| Class 2 | Transitive | a | u | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | u | |
| Stative | i | i | ||
| Class 3 | Transitive | a | a | |
| Intransitive | Dynamic | u | a | |
| Stative | i | i | ||
Ch'adic
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| central | lateral | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ ⟨n̮⟩ | |||||
| Stop | fortis | p | t | t͡ɬ ⟨ć⟩ | t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩ | k | ʡ | ʔ |
| emphatic | pʼ ⟨ṗ⟩ | tʼ ⟨ṭ⟩ | t͡ɬʼ ⟨ć̣⟩ | t͡ʃʼ ⟨č̣⟩ | kʼ ⟨ḳ⟩ | |||
| lenis | b | d | d͡ɮ ⟨ʒ́⟩ | d͡ʒ ⟨ǯ⟩ | g | |||
| Fricative | f | s | ɬ ⟨ś⟩ | ʃ ⟨š⟩ | x ⟨ḫ⟩ | ħ ⟨ḥ⟩ | h | |
| Approximant | w | j ⟨y⟩ | ||||||
| Liquid | r | l | ||||||
| Status Absolutus | Status Constructus | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Feminine | -u | -un | -u | -ū |
| Masculine | -i | -in | -i | -ī |
| Neuter | -ar | -aran | -a | -ā |
| Inanimate | -aš | -ašan | ||
